] 


^>. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


/. 


(/. 


m 


1.0 


I.I 


1^12.8 

|50     l"^* 

til  Ui 


IIIIIM 

2.2 
2.0 


1.8 


1.25      1.4 

1.6 

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.« 6"     - 

^ ► 

Hiotographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WESTMA*Nb.<>icT 

WEBSTER,  M.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4S03 


C/j 


i 


A', 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Hisiorical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  hi&toriques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


n 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


□    Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagde 

□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pelliculde 

□    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


D 

D 


D 


Q 


Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  Mure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film6es. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  dtd  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


I      I    Coloured  pages/ 


D 
D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires; 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul^es 


I      I    Pages  damaged/ 

I      I    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


0    Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolor^es,  tachet^es  ou  piqudes 


□    Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 


I      I    Showthrough/ 


Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualit^  in^gale  de  I'impression 

includes  supplementary  materia 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I    includes  supplementary  material/ 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slip£>,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure. 
etc.,  ont  6td  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  fagon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Tl 
to 


Tl 

P« 
o1 
fil 


O 

b< 
th 
si 

01 

fil 
si 

01 


Tl 
sf 
Tl 
w 

M 
di 
er 
be 

"J 
re 
m 


Pages  are  photoreproductions. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


>/ 


26X 


30X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  filmA  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g6n6ro8itd  de: 

La  bibliothdque  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 


Th  *<  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
potisible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —r»  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  te 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nett3t6  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimde  sont  fiimis  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinta 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  fiimds  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empre^nte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaltra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfic):e,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichd,  il  est  fiimd  d  partir 
de  I'angle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

i 


»      ^■, 


L 


TJ 


P, 


rin 


^  ^^ 


'^^ 


'* 


PLAIN  FACTS 

A.v     E-X  A  M  I  N  A  r  I  ON 


\ 


I  \'  T  (J    1-  ii  !•: 

r.JCilliS   ot"  tlu    Inpian    Nations  of  Ameuica» 
to    ihtir   iclijccfnc   Coiuitries;         , 

A     N'     I) 

\  VINDICATION  of  ihc  GRANT, 

«  FROM  y      .  . 


T 


'»> 


Tlu   Six    Unitid   Nations   oi'  Indians, 


r    o 


<**/, 


^ 


The  Pkoprh  rous  o^   INDIANA, 

A     c;     A     I     N     S     T  • 

^%:      The       decision 


9i' 


•!^- 


o  F    'r  H  e     " 


':::T. 


r.  E  G  I  S  L  A  T  T^  R  t     o>,  ^M  R  G  I  N  I^j 

A  U  r  11  E  N  T  1  C     D  0  C  U  M  T.  N  T  S^!^ 

«    I'     K     ('     V     1     N^G      'I.      '   -  .'"       .  ,     -    * 

That  thr  TERRITORY,  Weilwaiv'  ofthc  Allcgntf^l 
Mountain,    never   belonged   t-        ikCima,   &c. 


PHILADELPHIA: 


1 


Printed  aiul  Sold  l>y  R.  AITKEN,  Bookseller,  in  Mar^t: 
iStrcct,  Three   Door^  above  the  Cor  rtt-HousK. 


M.uc  c.  fs 


«  tk 


•m 


"*>  ■If 


>^ 


4,.^ 


.a» 


',f .  ^'    V 


-  r 


t 


«l 


;P 


PLAIN  FACTS.  &c. 


lA- 


T 


Hill  yc:ir  fuccccding  that,  in  which  America 
w.is  full  iliicovcrci^  Poj-c  AUxandcr  thcSixth, 
by  his  bulls,  thtc«.l  zd  and  ^dot'May,  1493, 
mimiliunilv  I'avc  the  whole  of  that  vaft  Contintni,*  of 
which  but  a  fiiiall  jiart  was  then  known  in  Riiropc,  to 
Ft  rtlinand  and  Ilabclla  ol  Spain  ;  following  ihc  example 
of  one  of  his  prcdcccflbis,  who,  in  i.}.}o,  Iiad  granted 
jifrica  to  king  Alplionfo  the  Fifth,  of  Portngal;  not 
becaufc  tint  Continent  w.is  uninhabited,  but  bicaufe 
the  nations  fid)fiinnt»  tlicie  wcie  in/'uU'ls^  and  confc 
quenily  unji(/i  p'-fffjl'ti  of  the  country  where  their 
Creator  had  lornied  and  placed  theni.i 

The  dilpoJing  power  whiih  had  been  in  thefe  iii- 
ftances  alliuned  by  Saiiit  Peter's  pretended  fucceflbrs, 
over  the  countries  of  unchriftian  nations,  was,  how- 
ever, too  glaringly  abfurd  to  be  regarded  by  Popiih 
princes  thcnifclves,  even  in  tliat  fuperllitiotis  agc;:[  and 
I'everal  of  iheni  in  defiance  of  thcfe  papa!  grants,  fooii 
after,  undertook  difcoNcries  and  fettlements  in  Africa 
and  America,  and  particularly  llcnry  the  Seventh  of 
England,  who  was  a  zexloub  Roman  Catholic,  and  who, 

within 

*  A  former  ii.fdlihh  Pope  hatl  tlccl.irc'<I  that  no  fuch  Continent  as  Amc- 
riia  dill  or  coiilil  cxill,  and  liuil  <lcnoiincctl  excommunication  againfl  all 
who  Ihould  btlicvi-  tlu-  cuiitiary  opinion.  i 

f  "  Tims  t?i<r  A'cr;/''  Pontics  did  not  fcriipic  tolircak  the  rules  ^fcom- 
"  nion  ji'fiicc  and  itjuity,  to  Uive  the  piirjiolfs  of  tlicir  own  worldly  in- 
**  tt-rcltand  ^hny.  *l'hii  dcthroncil pyufn,  1  ipofdiid  ivLJc  uat't(ii,\  nithdr 
"  ri^rifril  inl>,ibit.ints,  tramhrrcd  the  properlia  of  one  people  a  ant,thcr^ 
"  tmucd  out  thoit:,  wlionft  (Jod  and  nature  put  in  lollcrtion,  for  their 
•'  own  votaries."  HKlory  of  peopling  Icvcral  pail<  of  the  world,  and 
piirticidarly  of  America.     By  John  Harris,  A.M.   ]•.  R.  S. 

I  \Vt  are  told  by  Ylcncni,  that  Ferdinand  and  Ifabella  acr.pted  the 
papal  ^rant  in  qutllioii  trom  ioinc  particular  ualoui,  coutraiv  tu  tht  ad- 

...     .■         •  -•      ■  ■  '  ''.'..  "'^■^ . 


.» 


I 
I 


.    t; 

'■  t 

f 


[     4     ] 

within  rhrcc  ycp.rs  after,  vi/.  in  r4o(^,  granted  John 
Cabot  ami  his  ihrcc  Tons,  with  their  alloc i.itcs,  a  com- 
miiiio.i  to  navigattj  all  p.uts  of  the  oci'aii,  in  live  thips, 
lintki  iliL  hiniurs  of  Kiigiaiul,  for  the  purpofc  of  dif- 
covcrinj;  ^'*  ad  invcniciulmn  fuis  eoruni  propriis 
fumptibus  it  t\pL.ii(ls,"\Scc.'^  fuch  /u',it/.un  r.r  infidel 
('*  };tntiliiiin  tt  intiilcliuin,"  ixc.)  regions,  countries 
or  ill.uvis,  wherever  JituateJ^  as  were  unknown  to 
Cluilliaii  ftates;  with  power  to  fet  up  the  kinp/s  lland- 
ard  in  aiiv  LuuU,  illuuis,  c'cc.  which  ihev  niii'ht  dif- 
cover,  ;;;/  prei^ioufiy  o.'eiif'!, ■.!/'■,'  (^h-i/iianSy  and  lo  fei/e, 
com^ucr,  and  poiiels  all  luc!\  iand.s,  illands,  &c.  and 
as  his  liei,v.  vall'.ils,  governors,  lo(  umtenentcs  or  ilepii- 
ties,  to  hold  dominion  over,  and  have  exclulive  pro- 
perty in  the  Tame. 

Under  this  conin^illlon  (wl\ieh  could  convey  no 
teiriiorial  jiropcrty,  as  none  had  been  tluu  aciiuired) 
llu.'  Cahots  ilifeovcred  Newfoundland,  wiih  fonie  other 
pans  of  the  toad  of  North  Auurica,  and  thereby  gave 
the  crown  of  Knidand  all  the  rii\lus  which  could  reluk 
from  the  difcovery  of  countries,  then  inhabited  and 
fhared  bv  lar'^e  nations  or  tribes  of  mankind;  which 
however  could  at  molt  be  no  other  than  the  privilege 
of  formini^  cllablifhmenis  in  thefe  countries,  with  the 
confent  of  the  native  proprietors,  in  prcfurencc  to  the 
fubjecls    of   any    other    Hate  j   for,   *'   No   man"   lays 

Sidney, 


If 

I 


vice  nf  the  Spariifh  civilians  and  cjKtn  lawyers;  and  \vc  find  Bartludcmfw 
I>tla»  Caftf,  Biihrpn^  Cht.ip.i,  in  a  Ticatifc  written  and  dedicated  to  tl\c 
Emperor  Chirks  tiie  Fifth,  niiredntcd,  *'  1  l>al  the  twtn'fi  (of  America) 
"  having  their  own  lawful  kings  and  princes,  and  a  right  to  make  law* 
**  for  the  pdod  j^ovcrnmcnt  nf  their  rtlpe^tivc  dominions,  c^uld  not  he 
"  expelled  out  of  them,  or  deprived  of  -whal  they  p'f/fJs,  ivtthoHt  doing  vio- 
"  lenre  to  the  /.nci  of  (i-)d,  ni  veil  /m  the  Imv  of  nations."  State  Fafts,.».  .•?. 
*'  An  empire"  fays  the  ilUilhious  Sidney,  ••  founded  upon  the  f/jHfl^an 
*•  ef  the  Vnpe,  which,  among.}  thofe  of  the  Romilh  religion,  is  of  great 
"  importance,  and  the  entire  con<iMcrt  of  a  people,  vith  -whtm  there  had 
'•  been  no  rt>RMKR  Comiracp,  do  de«e»trt;te  into  a  moQ  unjufi  and  de- 
"  te-Jj^r  /  r.rviy.  What  then  Ihall  w;  fay  of  thole,  who  frttetid  to  a  right 
"  of  dominion  over  fret  tiutiom!"' 


.■j^c. 


t( 

<( 
ti 
n 
<( 
(( 
it 
(( 
<{ 
lit 


Sidney,  "  can  ^ive  what  he  has  not.  Whoever  thecc- 
f'oie  will  pretciul,  that  the  King  has  bellowed  this 
(landed)  fropcrty^  mujj  provft  l'**'  I>*-'i  f*'J^>  had 
it  h'wifelf\  I  confcfs,  that  the  Kings  cf  Spain  and 
/'(j/Vz/jfrj/ obtaincil  from  the  Popcy  grants  of  the  ter- 
ritories tlfcy  poifcfs  in  the  Weil  Indies;  and  that 
this  uiii«ht  he  oi  fotnc  ftrengtli,  if  the  Pope,  as  ricar 
of  Chrijif  had  an  ahfo/ute  dominion  ever  the  whole 
earth;  but  if  that  fail,  xhcivhole f>jlls  to  the gr'Aindy 
and  he  was  ridiculoufly  liberal  of  that,  -whith  no 
ways  bel'.ncicd  to  him.'*  Patents  liowever  for  pro- 
moting difcovcries  and  fcttiemcnrs  in  Americ;^  were 
afterwards  granted  by  queen  ILlizabcth,  and  king 
fames  and  liis  fuccefTors,  wlio  all  denied  the  Pape's 
authority  over  coiuurics,  on  account  of  their  being 
inhabited  by  infidels  ;  yet,  as  fonie  pretence  was  ne- 
ccflary  to  julUfy  tiiefe  ufurpntions,  they,  after  the 
example  of  king  Henry  the  Seventh,  adopted  the 
exploded  diftindion  between  the  rights  of  Chri- 
ftians  and  tliofe  of  Iniidcls,  and  >made  it  the  only 
foundation  of  their  reip€^kivc  American  grants;  all 
of  which  contained  thisj  and  only  this  provifion,  that 
the  territories  and  diftrijils  To  granted,  Ife  not  previoujly 
**  occupied  and  pojfejjed  by  the  /uhjeffs  of  any  other  Chri- 
"  Jlian  prince'  or  Jlate.**  But  if  the  princes  and  people 
of  Europe,  in  more  ignorant  and  fuperftitious  ages, 
were  fo  fur  miilead  by  the  emotions  of  avarice,  ambi- 
tion, or  religious  pride,  as  to  believe  it  julVifiable  for 
ihcm  to  crofs  the  Atlantic,  and  ufurp  the  poflcffions 
of  unoffending  nations,  only  becaufe  they  did  not  be- 
lieve in  religious  doctrines,  of  which  they  had  never 
l^eard,  yet  the  pervading  liberal  influence  of  philofo- 
pby,  rcafon,  and  truth,  has  iincc  given  us  better  no- 
tions of  the  rights  of  mankind,  as  well  as  of  the  obli- 
gations of  QXQrality  and  iiflicej  which  certainly  are 
.u.-    '-'  ■■^■-     -  ,       -   ■•  •-'^■-  wot 


■  I.  »■ 


'  k*.^^*; 


r  c>  1 

not  fonfincd  to  pnrtuul.n-  luoclc?  of /!;///•,   Init  cxtcrui 


iinivcrrally    to    Jews    niul    (icniilcs,    to  Chriln.i 


n^ 


■md 


In  full  Is.  And,  iiulccd,  tlic  iiiiiifliiL  of  tlul'o  aiuinpis 
to  \ilurpilic  .liiorigiiiiil  pt)ircnioiis  of  fo  many  of  onr 
fellow  uf.ntnns,  from  :i  lictci'^t  in  ilu'ii-  \\  lii;ii)iis  opini- 
on*;, was  fo  Mi.inilcll,  tlii^t  tluy  nrvi'rrouM  Imvc  bircn 
fiik;i;crtiJ  l)y  any  othir  ih.in  the  Ji'i/fiablc  p(^liiy,  and 
nnchrirti.in  ambition,  which  for  niany  aj;.s  govcrm'd  the 


in 


calm  I  .  ot  tlu-  r,!/\:!  .V»v. 
*'    Avidi'^  ravilTcurs  dis  riclutlVs  </, 


(  ■   nnin't 


It 


lis  ipiittcnt  /fin   pais,    pour  iiuumJi.  r  Ils  non- 

Uacin  I. 


cs. 


•  The  Divine  Author  of  cnir  lu)ly  nliipon,  uluii  on 
earth,  allnmcd  no  tctnpor.il  ilominion  or  property,  hut 
fuhinittcd  himfcli  on  every  occaiion,  even  when  cri- 
minally arraigned,  to  the  jurifirKflioii  and  amhorlty  ot 
Inlidcl  tnaairtraics,  dt  i  l.irituw/A:/  l'i.<  kiinulom  was  nr,t 
cf  this  'd'.nJ;  and  furely  none  of  his  diftipks  ean  jultly 
arrof^ue  to  themfclves  powers  which  tlicir  great  Mailer  •'] 
lias  difJaimcd,  nor  pretend,  tlut  he  has  any  where 
authorized  them  to  expect  earthly  dominion  or  riehes 
as  the  rewards  ofpietv  anil  virtue;  much  lefscan  thcv 
plead  his  turmiflion  to  actpilrc  them  by  injuftice  and 
violence. 

The  great  univcrfal  Parent  of  mankind,  when  Ik 
gave  exiftence  to  the  native  inhabitants  of  America, 
commanded  them,  by  the  lirlf  immutable  law  ..,f  natiuc 
to  preferve  that  exifteiue-,  and  that  they  might  be  en- 
abled to  do  it,  he  mull  have  gi\en  them  an  intlefeafiblt 
right  to  enjoy  the  v  ountries  where  his  providence  had 
])laced  them;  humbly  awaiting  that  progrcfs  of  events, 
by  which  in  i\\\c  time  they  would  probably  have  ad- 
vanced, as  our  progenitors  have  done,  from  the  rude 
ignorance  of  a  ftate  of  nature,  to  the  fplcndid  Htcjuirt- 
nieni^  of  civilizarion. 

All 


■'^?* 


Hit  CXtCfuI 
Iri.iiis  .\i)d 
'  iUtriiipis 
ly  of  our 

)iis  opiiii- 
1)  ivc  btcii 
>liiy,    and 

irucd  the 


-<  not  res. 
/\  C  I  N  I  . 

wlun  on 
|)crty,  Uiit 
kvhcu  cn- 
ihority  of 
;/  .l'Wj."  fict 
c;ui  jiiftly 
j.ii  Mailer 
ny  where 

or  richt'b 
s  can  thcv 
Liftite  and 

when  he 
America, 
c>f  nature 
^ht  be  en- 
defeallblr 
tlence  hai!  ,h 
of  events, 
liave  ad- 
thc  rude 
1  at<]uire- 


f     7    ] 


All 


All  the  nations  of  Eurnn,.     .    i-    . 

''av.  been  a.  ....d.,iau.  :•,;;.:;:'""  r^"--  -OrW. 

f'"  ."  all  ,l,c,c  udv..„ntiousc     '  rr'    "'"«  """'- 
"  "-ard   par,,  of  !y/,.;  .  '        '•  '"''''"'■•""^  of  ,he 

,  •  "  Ti^cCrccun,  derive  thrW  ■  •  "    ^'i/^^W^, 

frfqnent  migrations  ur  ^     °^"o'-i,.in  from  unfcttU  ?  .  -u 

""-'tics.     The  VTu       ,  /;-^  "^tl.cru.lc  and  il.fan    o/.'^.^y  f''.  *^'"0 
marks  of  a  n,nilar .       r       <'Crmans  arc  come  to  our  I,,      i  V'  ""'"■com- 

of  North  Am" nvi      tI''"*'  ■"^''^""''-d  '"  ^ai;    .^L  .r*'  .'' ''''  '"'"^ 
thc.r  bodieswn  j'i.,  ? ,'![  "f"   '^  ""rant  of  uS  '  ;^;f ''•"'  "Stives         , 

ffrdinand    Kiumfs     •  '^^^^^oii'HUt. 

]'.cformcrt  1  •;.;",;  .  1^;:  ^^^^-   'Ton,  thcncV to  Ca^p?c '^  '^'^  "^  '^- 

lawyers  in   ^;„. :     "*"""/>  Several  of  the  mnii        •      *"'^'*^  ^"unti  c» 

'=•«'•;   to  intorm  i""'^'^'""  of  Ihc  Pe*/ovcr  -.11  /i! f  "     particular 
;;  of  'Mr  :j;/r'r  ^^^.^-^  ^f  the  grant  uhfch  thTs  Ho  v  P^'''^^^ *  '''^^  ' 


V.  J^^7 


L    8    ] 


<  , 


\\? 


**  cu/lcmSy  \vl»if h  were  among  them,  rjulvijltut  toU\v%y 
no  I''ail\crs,  no  LKIcrs,  //'.»/  fuf^pHcJ  the  pLici'  of  civil 


«( 


«« 


rndyj/lr.ifiJ :  no  forms  cf  ^ovirnmint,  bccaulc  ihcy 
*•  hiul  lint  ihofc  of  civil  t'ovcrnnicnt."*  The  produce 
of  tlu"  f.ntli  is  ncttllary  to  Aibllll  its  inhaMiantSi  .iikI 
if  tlu  Cicator  of  nvinkiiul  ImcI   maJc   it  jnniliabic  for 


ChriAiaiis 


to  li( 


cprivc   imDelicviiii'  nations  ot  their  na- 


f  thi 


five  countriefi,  ve  nuill,  fron)  liis  aeknowledgcJ  attri- 
bute; piclinnc,  that  he  would  have  I'o  fornird  the  latter, 
as  to  cnahle  tl\cn»  to  fuhjiji  without JqjJ.  lint  as  he  has 
made  !u>  diflVrente  between  t!»e  natural  wants  and  fa- 
culties ui'Cluillians  aiul  tluile  of  Inlldels,  we  may  lafely 
afliim,  that  whatever  Tpiriiual  .ulvantaijes  arc  allotted 
to  the  former,  our  common  Tareui  has  made  no  di- 
ftiinTlion  between  ilie  temporal  rights  of  his  creatures; 
and  iiule.d  all  d'lfituiions  of  this  nature  have  been 
cither  overlooked  oi  vejei'Ud  by  every  approved  writer  t 
on  the/.'-Jixof  iiaiinf  or  of  nations:  and  Mr.  Hume  ' 
pertinently  obforves,  *'  That  all  the  laws  of  nature,  • 
•*  which  regulate  property,  as  well  as  all  civil  laws,  [ 
**  arc  iicneraly  and  regard  alone  Tome  tirential  cir 
**  cunifbances  of  the  cafe,  without  taking  into  conli- 
'•  deration  the  charathrSy  fituations  and  connc^SUons  of 
*'  the  pcrfons  concerned.  Public  utility  requires,  that 
*'  property  (hould  be  regulated,  not  by  partial,  but  by 
•'  general,  inflexible  rules."  Thefe  diftincftions  can  have 
no  foundation  in  the  civil  lawy  which  was  inftituted 
before  C'hriftianity :  And  they  are  by  no  means  even  ju- 
ftiiiablc  on  the  principles  of  jurifprudenccf  Nothing 
more  can  therefore  be  neccdary  to  reprobate  a  claim, 

which 

'  •  Bolinghroke's  Philofophical  Works,  Vol.  4. 

f  At  ail  important  trial  of  Campbell  againli  Hall,  in  the  court  of 
King^  Bcnch^  Eiifland  rdpc^ing  theduty  of  foar  and  an  half  per  cent, 
iinporcil  In  thr  \^ztlAoiGre>iadj  by  ro>'al  prcr«»gati»e,  thi$  opinion,  th«t 
ChriOiinshav  a  right  to  Heathen  countries  being  calually  mentioned, 
■wai  ruiuiilfd  by  Lord  Mansfield,  and  the  obcr  judges,  as  well  as  by  all 
the  council  prefent* 


I 


i    y    I 


to  laws^ 
c  of  civil 
lulc  I  hey 
prOiiucc 
iits;   niul 
liable  for 
their  na- 
;;cd  attri- 
hc  l.ittcr, 
AS  lie  has 
;   ami  fa- 
»ay  l.ifcly 
:  allotti  J 
jc  no  ili- 
rcatures; 
avc  been 
ctl  writtT 
r.  Hume 
f  nature, 
il    laws, 
litial  cir 
o  conii- 
iStions  of 
|rcs,  that 
but  by 
an  have 
ftituteJ 
;vcn  ju- 
othing 
claim, 
which 


1  court  of 

jcr  cent. 

>n,  th«t 

tntionrd, 

las  by  all 


whuliis  not  oiily  unliij>poricil  by  any  Jlvlni' or  humm 
auihoriiv,  but  is  in  iiKIt  moll  unn  »ri)ii.ib!r,  niiinO,  aiiJ 
tiiiwl.  I'  in.iy  not  b<:  improper,  howevir,  to  liibjoin 
|H  the  tollowin;'.  extract  horn  an  c/'inion  ioiiuly  I'ivtti  by 
LtM\l  ('h.iiuillor  (.\intil<  n  ,u\{\  ii>c  l.itc  Mr.  7'/>.  v.il- 
ttrw.uii-.  I.onl  Chaui  fUor  Morihn)  refpeclinj;  ihe  riijhr 
tit' lb;  iii.itl'iii  Ali.itic  St, lies  to  tluir  refpc^tive  tcrri. 
loi  KS.      In  1757,   the  Halt  Imlia  Company  of  London 


^ 


)t  tttU)lUl 

)li 


I  the  Kini',   that  in  a  new  thart'.r  which  was 


ihvn  Inlicitim',  a  claulc  niijht  bemieited,  torenabliiur 
thfin  to  hold  anil  enjtvvi  fubjet't  to  the  Kins'/s  rigl\i  of 
lnvereii;nty,  all  l\u  h  dilhichand  terriiorii.s  as  thi  y  bad 
aripiired,  or  niiv'bt  hereafter  aetpiire,  (in  Alia)  from 
any  nation,  fiate,  or  people,  by  ii\aty,  i^ranf,  or 
tiMupiell:  upon  wiiieh  thel'e  n-fpect.ible  lawyers  fbcinij 
then  the  Kiiu'  of  Kn^laiul's  Aiiornev  and  Solicitor  Cle- 
ncral)  ollicially  advil'ed  hitn,  f*  that  in  rcrpee'l  to  fiirli 
territories  as  have  l)een,  or  lliall  be  acquired  />;  treaty 
*'  i/  (irant  froili  the  (ireat  Mo^iil,  (>r  any  of  the  Indian 
'•  princes  or  governments,  your  MajeOy's  letters  patent  " 
*•  ate  ffJ  neiClJhry :  the  f^rc/'crtv  ofthe/oilvt/Jiug  in  the  > 
"  Company  hv  the  Iiulian  in.mt  l'ubje(ft  only  to  youi  Ma- 
**  iellies  right  of  fovtreigiity  over  the  fettlemenis,  as 
•*  I'.nglirti  fettlcments,  and  over  the  inhabitantu,  as  ^-In- 
*•  glilh  fnbjc»Sfs,  wlu)  carry  with  them  your  Majcfties, 
'•  laws  wlurcver  they  form  colcies,  and  reo^ivc  your 
*'  Majefties    protn!lion    by    virtue  of  your  royal  char- 

•'  ters." This  i\u)ll  ri'fpcftable  opinion  in  favour  of 

the  ablolute  right  of  Heathen  AJiatics  to  their  feveial 
territories,  applies  dire<fHy  to  fupport  the  fame  right, 
as  vefled  in  Heathen  Americans ;  for  if  the  title  of  the 
latter  were  defective  on  account  of  their  infidelity,  the 
fame  caufc  'mnft  deltroy  the  right  of  the  people  of 
Hindoftan,  China,  and  every  other  Infidel  nation,  to 
the  couairics  they  inhabit. 

0  Having 


Y^--Vr' 


■■^-M 


i-M 


#' 


ii 


f 


lo 


] 


IM    I 


'"ifinnir 


'^'i'  l.^'^o^ 


'^'-w  far  t/; 
'=»    in   uti 


Hi' 


vJI'    ifpj 


Jltxii    .I'll 


Jl 


'I'^iUil 


'?'^^>^thcHbo 


nicut 


If  I-   1 


"   tu  ti. 


MHUy,    let 


vj 


tl 


«)| 


PCct 

:>f     IN-     / 


^■-ilKl. 


'I'l    j;, 


^'  <^<nintri 


L% 


II"'  next  ex 


in/i.ib 


inij'r 


•itto,.ji„ 


'tc(i  by   t] 


u- 


.^'    to   the   / 


Jl-IJJ 


(•<)\' 


or\ 


lo 


>y  niiiu 


'    ^*'*'^    toiincl 


H'mj( 


n 


'  •  ts 


'are:   i 


»  'iKotu' 


;'^'^'   ^li^.M.J  ti 


<'oi,,   r,ji,e 


nr/ 


f(v 


'/ 


U>\' 


I 


"ii  fOc.K) 


lU     C 


s  or 


riJ 


»P(i 


fvcr  i 


or  II 


^  <-t^i  tain,    ii 


t-'lCl'f 

>    i.s  a  I 


'  n.s  k, 


'"•f'Mc.u   b 


n.'lt'Oi)5 


">^^"  .i.idil 


111; 


t'tu-een 
^''^'■minatc 


i 


>tvc    b 


^'i'lIKl-   of   tl 


':^'  "o  k.iou-Jcd 


"cci.picil  th 
'^"'^^^'";    this    h 


cir 


iLll    int;.,,! 


'(.Oil      til 


i;( 


tJi-    o 


'iJd; 


^'  '•'-■"lamsoFth 


o\v- 


^^'^''^al    and    t\va 


I'M'i; 


',   ih 


^^".   and  nh 


t<)l|;,( 


ino/ 


^C    Of 


^T    ii'uluub 


atcv 


tc 


d/y 


^^">''  -<'con/^.:;::r':^^'-'  i-^^^^ri 


lilio] 

were    tiu 


C'i 


11 


'  /'"^xccptionabl, 


,'"".'^^>'"^^"tbavch, 


iors    oF    (I 


Poiiib/y  i 


t] 


itn. 


»-'vc  a  cla 


ioll 
civii 


no  £ 


Mil 


o    it 


oi"  A 


uroj)c 


*-■  title    t 
P''<>r  to  tj 


'•^i  tJic  befi 


J    'is^none    dil 


iC 


ari(f 


ncr 


in  jirin 


cc 


Jans. 


•<■■•»  tvon^  (iij\ 


^'ouJd  d 


^'■'""  ou'ii         r       I  . 


tould 


t'l'iVi 


I    title 


»tc 


»nd  til 


^-•'S.-cc)e.^;.^''^^-"^^rbat( 
'-"  iia\c  cit]ifi.  — 


fo  the 

as  a!/ 


^'^'  "ever  bee 


'>■    fo  iands 


c< 


It 


any 
J"J  claim 


'S  HD 


r.M 


.^"-pca-Mb;".:;;:;-!:'!^-'.  H, 


"  o>«fled  and 


'lat  ,/. 


hOVCIt. 


tht 


•^^'^^  arc,..,/.     ,/  ,,''"^-  '^''^  or,,;,,,,/,,.,,.  ""•'   *'f  Amc,;,.    ^u,'';'' 


4  i 
tl 


<l 


"•'WhconJy    ,ul| 


JM/)al 


wJ.iJi  tl 


.irioicj 


ii  ill> 


'•"col-.-Vnic- 


fonud 


"'t^'<-"uify  |„  , 


^•i^f^t  to  inhcr,r;i"r  ;•''•''•'>'  ''on. 


I 


'■  ^■^••t''.  ami  tl. 


'iiiion 


luprr- 


i>pc  i. 


"g^nc  the  i 


;''!!'--' .^c:r:,y,"r''p"*.w^^^^^ 


'■•■«"P'-i;;.rr;^i-^o 


JlV 

'   nca; 


tui  f. 


""  t'<c  /amc 


and  liich 

'»  Jjrantcd  At 
nci. 


'^.v  to  /fit, I,, 


on  Mliich 


"aiioi,,  i 


'-vc  io/i,  (,, 


--'-tw:;n7^.7:'r'^'fv^'>"m 


•''t'l,  and 


'^ """  '-• '^-S^'-'^^^^S^- 


I 


1 1 


J 


pretence    on 

luinccs,    M', 

ot  America, 

'><-•  iiborigiijcv- 

it^^xi  txaniiiK- 

l^'tl  l\V  till  Hi, 
tllC    /.i:rs     J 

omul   f(j    be 

'It  between 
^tiiminatc 
»'P'^"^'  their 
this  hou-- 
^>^  the  time 
cvci-  minJii 

were  tJic 
rs  of  tlic 
It-'  belt  am( 

'<(-'   could 

thii-  fhtc 
1^'  to  the 
|t   (as  all 

to  lands 


IC( 


I  and 
ircilld. 


lo 


title  lll;,f 
•iffolils  I)(> 

"i  -Anic- 
iii  Tupfr- 
jiiiion  ;  — 
liiiilu'liev- 
Uoiinfiy, 
•n  wliich 
Kingof 
|th,  and 
>f  Amc- 
^nn  an«i 


pollirrcd,  or  which,  iii'iei'  having  been  owned  and 
jH)irillld,  wliv  vuluniarily  iltjcitcd  by  the  owner,  as 
not  worili  the  troubh-  of  keeping-,  and  fo  clearly  were 
the  t'.r.i'j.ijh  t  omn.inioncrs  of  this  opinion,  that  they 
oblerved  to  the  French  conimiilioners  at  Pai  is,  the  i  5th 
ot'Novendni,  17511  relative  to  the  ifland  of  Saint 
LucfUj  *'  Thai  till  re  can  be  no  tihplutc  i/r/i/icJi'in  oi 
*'  anv  coiuitry,  but  \\  lu  re  ii»e  ////  poillilbr  leaves  it 
*'  volunlaniy,  and  wlihont  any  apparent  neceflityi 
*♦  that  to  make  fucli  dereliction  in  cnr  people  a  found- 
*'  ation  of  right  in  tuiy  ot/nr  coining  after  them,  it  is 
*'  uceeiTary  that  the  actjuielccnce  oi  the  Ji/Ji  power, 
**  under  the  poll'eirion  of  the  latter,  nudl:  have  been 
*'  an  actiuicfccnce  intended  volurtiinly^  and  clearly 
**  manifeltedi  and  that  neither  a  defertion  forced 
**  upon  any  people  by  an  enemy,  nor  a  temporary 
"  acciuiefcence  under  that  expuifion  oceafioncd  by  nc- 
**  ceility,  Jo  cxtinguifo  the  right  of  any  people  to  the 
*^  country  they  fo  abandon."  Proi)erty,  4iowever, 
when  found  in  thefe  circumllanccs,  without  an  owner, 
may  be  appropriated  and  polleiTed  by  the  ^nd  finder, 

who  thus  renders  It  his  own  property  by  &i7fi'/'rt^7(j'. 

*'  ^lad  cni}n  cjl  uullius  per  caupationcvi  accjuiritur  ejus 
dr.miniuni  ."  et  "  qi4od  quifquc  cnupajfcty  id  propriuni 
hak-ret.'**  Primus  acquirandi  modus y  qui  juris  gen- 
iiuvi  d  Romanis  dicitur^  ejl  occupaiio  eorum^  que  nul' 
lius  funt.  Cirotius,  lib.  2,  ch.  2.  Idem,  1.  i,  iind 
Puftendorf,   lib.  4,   ch.  6,   fed.  12.      Cicero  alfo    ob- 

ferves,   **    ^lod  ruique  olfti^rcty   id  quifque  tcncut.'* 

lUit  as  the  Continent  of  America  was  neither  dereli^ 
nor  uninhahitedy  we  may  fafely  conclude,  that  the  firft 
European  emigrants  id  America  had  no  right  to  efta- 

bliih 

»  PurtcnJ.  dc  Jvir.  Nat.  &  Gent.  lib.  IV.  cap.  7.  * 


#^:  N, 


f 


i 


1 


•■  r 


t   . 


1  f 


[   i^   1 

blifli  thcnifi'lvfs  there/    'I'lthcut  the   confc-nt  of  the  nn- 
tirr  /r-'ytfv  i,i    ami  thai  the  fcvcr.il  gratus  of  Amc- 


n »  in  t '  •  i- 1 1 1  ■ )  1  \ 


,  wtiu  !i  thcv  rccciviil  Irom 


th 


iir  rclncc- 


(\' 


t. 


(>\  (If  I.MIS, 


conld  .itlbrd  nuX^  t.oiyiiu^il funtlions  U)y 
fliclr  ti!HliMt.«kinp,s.  'Ilif  ingenious  Mr.  Dummcr^  in 
his  di  kiu  f  of  the  NfW  lin'.;l;uul  ( hirirrs,  maintains, 
thu  th-  nown  luithcr  did  nor  iz:,ii  grant  the  foil  of 
Atncri*  I,  hivinci  in  irfclf  no  riglu  thereto.  The  full 
En'^lifh  \\  tt 


uiiuiit  having  heen  th^re  hy  a  "patent  fro 


ni 


<;iiriii    l.livaiKih  to   Sir  Waiter  Kalelgh,    he  alks   *'    it 
lie  !i  i.i     inv   ri  'ht,    \v!i at  was   it,    and  from  whence 


<« 


<i 


(» 


(( 


t( 


derived,  h  was  not"  adds  he,  "  a  right  of  inhe- 
ritauie,  beeaiife  thofe  countries  did  not  defcend  to 
her  trom  lier  ancellors;— not  of  conquefl,  becaiifc 
ilu-  neither  con<iuercd,  nor  attempted  to  conquer 
them;    beluLs,   it  would  be  h.ird  to  conceive  how  a 

"  romiucff 

*   Ju.ljrc  J?/.;  W  II  •,   l",)c.i!-.i.i,^  .if  tlic  riglit  of  migration,    cr  of    fcndiiiii 
colonics  ti)  litiil  .>ii:  ncu   Iia'''.t.i;i(>ns,   « Iitii  the  mother  roiiiitry  wasovci- 
rh.\ij;i..l  •.vit!)  iiiliahit.ii.; ;,   Jays,   "  in  long  ;is  it  vi.is  loiitnuil  to  the  Hoc!  - 
'*    int,  and  ciiltivati.H\  ot  <'••'>/  vr'ul-  ihitiA  t<)\int riis,  it  kipt  llri'llv  within 
"   the  limit?,  ot  the  law  i.|  ti.itme.      Hut   (o'litiiiius  he)   iiow  tar  tlie  lei/. 
"    iiijr  on  e.tiiiiriicN  alreailx   jifopleil,   arul  drivin'^  out  theiiinoceiU  ami  lU 
"    teiuelefs   iiativts,   men  U    hn  ui.i  day  tlirtiTctl  frnm  thtii  invaders  ir 
"   language,   in  iclui>)ii,   in  lUtl  ,ins.  in  ^ovtrnmenl,  or  in  coloni  ;   ho\i 
"   tar  luch  convliiiil  was  coiiron.in:  to  nature,  to  realon,  or  to  Chriilian.ly, 
"   (lefcrved  vicli   to  l)c  ronlideie.l  hy  thole  wlio  havo  rendered  their  name- 
"    imniovlal  t-;  /'mj  ili.tr.zinj^  n:r:kii:J." 

t  l.'Alili-  R  ,,l.  thi- iuvenions  author  of  the  lUlloiy  of  the  I'ettle 
ments  of  the  Fnropean';  in  the  Fall  and  Wctl-lndies,  remarks,  "  I  ha' 
*'  i  c'ltt,  thr  i'diind-.r  of  t)i<  Dutch  (  olony  at  the  Cape  of  (P'jcxi  Hi/><*. 
*'  in  confonii.vk*  to  tlic  notion-,  thet»  unhappily  prevailing  among  the 
Kuiopcans,  be  (.-an  to  take  pofli  iTi.m  otthe  moll  rnmniodious  part  of  tlir 
ttiiitoiy  of  the  Hottentots,  and  ht  alterwardj  dtdgncd  S>  lix  himfelt 
there.  Tliis  hehaviour  ^th'."  Jh'\  ohllrves)  ditplealed  /vf  '•.(itiva.— 
'"'.•;  T/'/i.?/  prcteruc,  faid  tlitir  Knvoy  to  thefe  Ihangcrs,  h.ivc  \ru  fown  r,:n 
iirdsr  Why  do  )ou  employ  them  to  feed  v5.vr  cuttle?  Ho-x  irould y'- 
'I'have,  if  yon  (jlw  your  own  fields  invaded  in  \h\s  manner:  You  fortiiy 
yourfclves  with  no  other  view  than  to  reduce  toe  Hottentots  to  llavery. 
"  'I'hefc  rcnionlhancev  (etuitinius  .uu  autlior)  were  followed  hy  lomr 
"  hodilitics,  which  hfonght  the  founder  of  the  colony  hack  to  thole 
"  pnnc'tplci  of  jHilue  an'l  hutH.tniis,  that  were  agreeable  to  liis  natural 
**  chara<lcj-.  V:  purchafc.i  the  country  he  -uianteJ  la  occupy  fir  the  funt  oi 
"  90,000 /;wrf J  f'^  39.17  ;  10  fhrlin^)  -which  v>ai  pnid Inmerchandizt.  A\\ 
"  parties  were  reronriied,  and  froni  that  time  to  thi5,thcj«  has  been  no 
:'  farther  diituibancc." 


(* 

t( 
{< 

ti  I 
<i 

C( 

i( 
i( 
i( 
(( 
(t 


'     ^ 


t\. 


r  '3  J 


of  the  nn- 
s  of  Amc- 
cir  rcfptc- 
niilions  for 


uvivicr. 


\\\ 


inuiiu.iii'ks, 

ihc   foil  of 

The  fiilt 

atcMit  from 

alks  "  it 
)ni  whence 
ht  of  inhc- 
defceiul  to 
ft,  bee :i life 
;o  comiucr 
eive  how  x 
*  comiuclf 

)r  of    fcnilitu 
It ry  \*ns  over 
il  ti>  t/ic  11. u  I  - 
llri'tiv  aitl-tii\ 
V   lai  tlie  (ri/.- 
u'liU  .iiul  <U 
I  invaders  i: 
colDiii  ;   hoM 
(.'lihiHan'.ty, 
I  their  name- 

if  the  tirttlc 
Tks  "  I  Im- 
)f  iiood  H'^pc, 
amcing  the 
us  part  of  thr 
o  fix  himfclt 

'Idlll'Li.— 

c  sfu  ib'wn  cut 
If  it'ould  >  ■  .' 
You  fortiiv 
its  to  llavery. 
ctl  hy  {cm\r 
li'k  to  tliuli- 
liis  natural 
or  the  fum  of 
hjiidizi:  A\\ 
has  been  no 


conqueft:,  where  there  was  no  preceding  Injury  or 

provocation,    could  create  aright:* nor  did  it 

aiife  by  purchafe,  no  money  or  other  valuable  con- 
ilileration  liavinp,  been  paid  :  nor  could  (he  claim  by 
j)rior  dileovery,  or  preoecupancy,  becaufe  they  give  a 
right  only  to  unitihahitiJ  lutulsi\  which  thcfe  vcrc 
not,  being  full  of  inhabitants,  who  undoubtedly  had 
as  good  a  right  to  their  own  country,  as  the  Euro- 
peans had  to  theirs.  And  fure  no  body  will  lay, 
in  plain  terms,  that  we  have  any  claim  upon  the 
foot  that  wc  are  Chrillians,  and  they  are  Heathens.  | 
Rome  itfclf  (continues  he)  imperious  as  flic  is,  never 
carried  her  pretences  to  tliis  height;  for  though 
fome  of  her  dojflors  have  taught,  abfurdly  enough, 
'*   that  ikminion  is  founded  in  grace,  none  of  them  liavc 

♦•    faid 


<i 

*( 
(1 

(i 
<( 

(I 
<( 
(( 

(C 


*  Stc   Curlcnuqiii,   vol.  l. 

t  The  following  authoritjtivv  faels  f'hihiidi  and  anfirm  tlii-  doffrioe. 

•n  the  a7th  of  April,  l^io,  Kini;  7''"'  >  tin-  I  irll  gi;inti<i  In  thartci 
Kfv'foundLind  to  the  I'.ail  of  Northampton  and  others;  and  as  tlu  ^Mounds 
tor  Airh  prant,  it  is  deelared  in  tiic  liiid  chjrter,  *'  'I'hat  bring  aliiirtd 
"  the  country  adjoining  to  wiiiih,  wlure  «>ui  fuhjec't';  have  l)ecn  ulcd  t«> 
"  filh,  rematHeth  fi  dcliltiitc  and  deJuiUe  ofhihibitautiy  that  'fcarcc  any  'Jur 
"  liiv&^e  pcrl'on  hath  in  many  years  h«en  I'een  mi  mofl  parts  thereof,  and 
*'  well  knouing,  ii\at  the  Came  /vi».'^  and  hi-'mo  jh  vaca>  t ,  is  as  v.cll  for  the 
'*  rcalons  aforefaid,  as  for  many  othrr  reafons.  very  commodious  for  us, 
"  and  our  <l<ir.iinions;  and  thiil  ly  ihc  luv  '■jf  Uiit'irc  iind  ,uiti  :■(,  wcmayof 
"  our  royal  authority  ^s^'/i  ourlelves,  and  make  grant  tiiereof,  without 
*'  doing  wrong  to  any  other  prince  or  ftat»,  cutidderin^  thes  cannot  julfly 
*'  pretend  any  fovcreignty  or  right  therenntJ,  in  rcfpe^l  /'■ ./  thtfrnt-  rc- 
"  m.iiiiithj'o  vacant,  and   tut  tiduallv  l'jf''jl''d  dud  inkuhltid  hy  any  ihrtjiiuttf 

"     OR     OIHF.R     WllA  r.^OT.VKK."  ^ 

In  1629,  "  IHvcrs  of  the  Knglilh  nation  ♦Imling  the  illands  of  CtiieVtnt 
*'  and  Tortti^a  tnipojj'cjfed -^nA  rw/^fy  of  inhal>itants,  did  thereupon  Iriic, 
*'  and  begin  to  plant  colonies  on  them,  giving  to  the  former  the  name  of 
"  the  ijlnid  of  ProvtJouc,  and  to  the  latter  the  name  of  the  ifland  of 
"  yllJ'oiiiition ;  and  which  they  continuing  to  inhabit  and  occupj;^  after 
"  the  clbbliflimcntof  peace  between  Iiis  Bri.n.n'h-  Mfjfjh  and  the  Cath'ltc 
"  A.'w?^,  anno  1630,  the  Spnvtur.U  became  thereat  oHcndcd,  and  therefore 
*'  complained  thtreol  to  Ktr.<i  CkarUi  thr  h'irjr,  by  their /^wV^/j.^fr,  who 
"  who  gave  in  anfwer  to  the  laid  complaint,  that  h\% Jubjeds  hdving  found 
"  thot'e  illands,  both  iinpo[lii,d  hy  the  Spaniards,  iK.d  uiiinhr.bited  by  any 
"  other  people  what  sopvck,  had  thereupon,  by  the  laws  of  nature,  ai 
*'  well  as  of  nations,  a  liberty  and  right  to  lit  down  and  plant  there."— 
Defence  of  the  Scots  Scttlcnu  lit  at  Daricn,  &c.  j|i  1699,  p.  69,  60.     ^ 


"»««  Pulfv'ndorf,  paj^'C  9S. 


t   w 


•tft 


S.Vr 


\% 


f! 


I'  * 


i 


I 


L     »4     i 


**    h'\i\    i\\M    propci 


Tlicrc    remain';    then,    (l\f 


(i 


it 


i< 


aiiils^  ;jo  oiki-r  ri(^ht  *  but  what  is  ilcrivcil  tVotu  the 
n.itivf  lords  oF  the  luil,  and  that  is  whit  tlu-  tint 
New  Kngland  jUantcrs  rchcd  on,    having  purchalld 


1', 


5.- 


cvc. 


Vhc    fevcral    nations  or  tvih 


I's    ot   Aincrira,    liavini' 


btcn    'till  tlu-n  tu.ki 


nown  to  all  i^ilur  prim  is  or  Aaris 
could  not  pofi'iMy  l\avc  owed  cithti-  tnbjcction  or  alle- 
giance to  any  eanhly  power  and  conreiiueiuly  mnii  h.ivc 
bccu  iiuicp*  ndt  ni  roinnnniitiL--,  ind  as  luili,  nnili  Ji.i\i' 
been  capable  of  acquiriiii;  tc  ri  itoncs,  aiul  mlur  kind 
of  property,  in  the  lame  numntr,  ;inil  bv  tlie  fame 
means  as  drhcr  eommunitic.  s  tnakc  the  liki  ac  qniiilions. 
'riie  moll  comn-.on  anil  ctVicliial  means,  bv  ^^^nil  a  na- 
tion anil  people  may  acquire  tin  projuity  of  aiountry 
is  crii^ina/  or  primitive  '■,ccupr.'u\.  **  A  nation  lays 
**  Hi.  Rurh(:ifonh.  i  bv  liitlim'  uixm  anv  trael  ot 
"  land,  which  ai  the  time  ot  luih  rittlement  had  no 
"  other  owner,  acquires,  in  rtlj)ict  of  all  other  fJ.i- 
**  tions,  an  cxehifivc  right  (d  tull  or  ablolnti  proper- 
"    ty,  nut  only  in  the    land,    but  in  the  waters  liktwilc 

•'    that 


'  Thr  p.itii  tlr  ,iP'i  li.:i<ni(l  l>r.  Vif,  tii  nnfwfr  fo  fiich  roiirtly  v»  ri- 
ti'.i  as  rfllriud  "  riif  lan.l,  "ii  vjiirh  »l>c  Aiii' i  n .ins  li.id  kttlfi!,  w.v 
•'  •7ttM"--;ilk'-,  "  Hut  liow  lamc  it  "^rt  ;*  If  ("ailing' -ilong  a  court  tan  givr 
"  a  lU'lit  to  a  fmmtr> ,  thui  might  tin*  people-  ot  'Tif>u>;  l)irorm,  a«  ihnn 
'•  astiur  pltatc,  tl\-  py-'pncto)  i  cf  Br.t  r.n.  N'otliing  can  be  mort  ch:ii  ,- 
•'  r:  il  tU.tn  pn>prity  foiindcil  on  liii  li  a  njlon.  It  liic  land  on  uhiili 
•'    tlic  coloiiics  firlt   Iftllfd,   l\!il  :iny  p)'>^r':tr.'St  t!f\ -.  crc  tU- nulu-a;    tlif 

•'    •MiatcH  part  of  wluclw/'iv    ,'tlic  c(dnni{ls')    hnweht.  '.t'  Ire  u.itivti." 

Oi«rcr\a',i->iis  on  tlu- NalUK  of  Civil  l.il.itty,  &c.    1  oiidoti,  T-'A. 

'*  Altlioiivrli  S]  in,  hy  an  imuiiinai  \  title  oi  j.ut  from/'.  /':,*•(*,  lii  I 
••  laid  a  formal  ( laim  to  t!u- v\holc  of  Amcica,  vet  «vcty  otlier  iiitmn 
•'  that  pUalcd,  tiM>k 'he  iilirity  to  orriip\  and  poflilr  in  til!  ii- lUKii  nglit, 
*'  l'uj>  .■....«.*  i:'i  ui.iii'ruhite.!  /jh.'/<  in  Amt-'rica,  as  thrv  Iiappiued  tjpni 
"  tunc  to  lime  to  discover  by  thtii  own  inilufhy,  and  at  tluir  own  pro- 
'•  per  cxptBce,  elKihlitiiinp  tluir  rc)pt(^!iv«.  titks  in  conquert,  in  lawful 
"  v.ai,  n;'"'v,  pn\rilt,  or  fcfr.c  k:i:,{ of  anticibfr  i:^reenu-nt  ivith  tie  ihUiTCs, 
"  wliiih  to  <i<  the  1  ngliih  nation  iuftlic,  has  hccn  tlu  only  foundation  i>f 
«'  their  <  •<''^''  and  fol.il  claim  to  all  the  polUflions,  which  they  hold  at 
•'  this  time  in  America. "  Hi(tory  of  the  Hritifti  Plantations  in  Amciica. 
I'ait  thr  l(i,   by  Sir  WWiam  Krith,    I'.aronct,   London,   I738. 


J^ 


I 


*■   Iiilti  iitti   of  Natur.ii   L.tw,    K.  II.   iai>.  y. 


<( 

li 
«« 

4( 

i( 

i  I 
(( 
l( 
II 
«< 
<i 
II 
il 
il 
ii 
i( 
t( 


If    «. 

Il 


ihcn,  [he. 
1  tVom  the 
It  the-  til  t'r 

purchalctl 

I" a,   havini; 
i>.  or  ft  at  IS 
oil  or  alic- 
imili  h.ivc 
imili  Ji.ivo 
•  ilur    kind 
tlu'    fame 
Lqiiiiitic^us.   y 
vMi  \\  .1  n.i-   !' 
P  a  country  | 
ation    lays      | 
V    tract   o!   1 
int  had  iif)  fj 
othir    n.i- 
itt  proper- 
rs  likcwilc 
*♦    thai 

1  roiirtiy  v»  ri- 
Uttk-ii,    u:i'. 

oart  f.in  j;ivr 
mil ,  a'  toon 
iiiort  .hi'  :- 

111  on  w  liiili 
>!,it!vr\;    tlio 

.■.':rfk." 

--6. 

/':,V,  h.i  1 
)t!ifr  fia^inn 
ir  own  riglit, 
.ipiiu'd  tr,()n\ 
J  ir  ow  n  pro- 
ll.  in  lawful 
/'  //(■  ihitmcsf 
onnilation  of 
they  hold  at 
in  Amciic.i.  $§ 
8. 


I      '3-     ] 

ili;it   art    iiulmlcd  wiihiii  the    laud,   iuch    ns   rivers 


pOi)ls, 


crtt! 


Ul" 


ays. 


'riiib  ahlulutc  property  o 


.1  nation,    in  what  it  has  thus  icizcd  upuu,  is  its  lit^ht 

*'    ().  lupaucy,    (adilb    he)    in    the 


<.»t    territory. 


h( 


*( 


<i 


*( 


v^rofs,  j^^avc  tlic  uatio.i,  tio.i^  the  iirlt,  i  right  of 
abluluti.  property  in  the  land  where  it  fettled.  But 
a  rnhleiiuent  dithihutlon  and  alVnnunent,  or  a  fub- 
itqueni  oetii|):incy  in  parcels,  gives  the  fcvcral  mcni- 
LKr^  ot   the  nation  [>riv.ite  property  in  their  refpet- 


ri\(.- 


Hi; 


irc  s. 


Judi;e  Hliukjiini-  alio  fays  that  '*  as  occupancs  gave 
**  the  ri^ht  to  the  temporary  life  of  the  foil,  fo  it  is 
"  a'.;rti.d  upon  all  haudb,  that  oecupanry  gave  alfo  the 
"  original  right  to  tlu  pL-rinanent  property,  in  the 
**  lubllante  of  the  earth  itfelf,  \vhi».h  excludes  every 
*•  one  ell'e  but  the  owner,  from  the  ult  of  it.  There 
*'  is,  indeed,  (obferves  he)  Ibme  dirterente  among  the. 
*'  writers  on  natural  law,  concerning  the  reafon  -a/'/ 
occupancy  Ihould  convey  this  right,  and  invert  one 
with  this  .ibloliite  property;  C  rot  ins  and  PuJfrnJorJ  * 
infiftini^,  that  this  riglu  of  occupancy  ib  founded 
upon  a  tacit  and  implied  aflenl  of  all  mankind,  that 
the  firft  occupant  (liould  become  the  owner-  And 
Biirhcyrciij  Tit'uiny  Mr.  Locke ^  and  others,  holding 
there  is  no  fueh  implied  alTeni  \  neither  is  it  necef- 
I'ary  that  there  iLould  be,  for  that  the  very  ac^t  of 
occupancy  alone,  being  a  degree  of  bodily  labour, 
ii.  from    a  principle  of  natural  julUce,   without  any 

"   confent 

•  "  Aftet  men  can;:  to  a  rifolution  of  quitting  tl  c  piimitivc  comnui- 
niun,  upon  the  niciii;th  of  »•  previous  contract,  they  allignul  to  cati> 
,i(.rron  hii  (hare  out  of  the  general  (lock,  enhcr  \>y  the  autl.oiitv  of 
r-»'<-'>ts,  oi  I)V  unueil.i!  lonltnt,  or  by  lot,  or  fonutimcs  hy  the  Ir.-e 
thoice  of  the  party  recci\inc.  Now  it  was  at  tlic  iatr.c  time  ;-^iec<!, 
that  »\l.atcver  Jid  not  come  under  this  grand  divillon,  Ihoiild  pali  t«» 
the  tirft  occupant,  that   is,  to    him    who,  bcfoic  others,  took   botii»y 

'■  pollefTiun  ot  it,  with  intention  to  keep  it  as  hit  own." 

I'hclc  arc  the  words  of   I'ufiitndorf.  who  conclude^  with  (iiotius,    fh:!t 

v»!iereas  original^- acquisition  was  at  lirft  made  Ly   divinon.  "  i;   w.t 


II 
(< 
(t 
(i 
t( 
it 
i< 
<( 
(( 


'  ■ 


}  ^ 


i 
if 


r 

n 


!i 


•I) 


<< 


i     iC,     I 

conlVnt  or  comp.iv^t,  rufTii-lcnt  of  iifclf  to  gain  ;i  till  •. 
A  tlifpiitc  (continues  hcj  that  riivoms  too  much  oi 


cs 


**   nifc  .uul  fchohilbc  rclincnicnti    liowivcr   both   lij 
aiiiLi    in  tliib,    that  ^.i\  uNlnc\  is  the  thini'   hv  which 


<i 


*'  the  title  t\as  in  f.u  t  oi  ii;in:illy  gained:  every  man 
'*  l.uinp,  to  his  own  i  o-.uinued  ule  fueh  1  pots  ot"  ground 
*'    as  Ik   t'ound  molt  a<'rceah!e  to  his  own  convenience. 


<( 


provided  he  found  them  unoccupitd  hy  any  one  cll"( 


And  ot  this  opinion  u  as // c:/.?//;//,' who  fays,   **   'IIkit 
the    firii  p^jtlllVion  ot    a  thing  gives    tlu    polllllbv  a 
greati  I   rii.>hi  to  it,    tlcin  any  oiln  r  nuoi  has,   or  can 
ha\t,    'til  lir  and  all  that  clain^  uneUr  liini,   are  <v- 
ly    fr:r,:t-  cCiUf^afwy  gives    no    right,    is 


m 
it 


t( 


(i 


tr 


(( 


cc 


Ci 


'VI 


'!. 


lo  i 


if*] 


ini  <»iiriritnt  \\",(li  the  peace  and  happinels  oi  mankind 


ni  Pcncral 


Tlielc  anilioi  itii  s  (though  ahunil.lnce  of  otlicrs 
might  hi  lircd)  w'lW  TtHru  icntly  prove,  i hat  ;.»•;/ /•c/z/ry 
has  been  univcrlailv  adnnttcd,  as  rulVicient  to  veil  the 
]nc)pcrty  of  a  (Ountry,  or  iliibict  in  a  nation,  ot  tribe 
occupying,  the  laniej  ;ind  eonleipicntly,  that  tlic  abo- 
rigines of  Ameri>  a  have  an  abfolute  cxeluilve  right  to 
the  countries  they  polVelsi-  -thiv,  by  the  immemorial, 
xniinttrrupted  cxereife  of  every  act,  wl^ieh  is  necclTary 
to  conOitu'iC  iii ///><.'/.(  V,  cither  by  the  laws  of  nature, 
or  of  nations,  nuitl:  have  acquiryd  a  valid  title  to 
their  territories,  if  even  thcpoireihon  had  been  at  hril 
unjuftly  gained.  Hut  I'urely  this  was  not  the  cafe;  iof 
whether  wt  conlldcr  tliem  as  having  been,  by  divint 
providepce,  tirfl  tranlplanted  to  America,  or  as  having  Vi«M 
been  (according  tj  ilieir  own  beliet)  created  thcrCy^ 
yer,  in  cither  cafj,  their  polielllon  muft  have  bee 
obtained  without  thofe   crimes,   or   that    injufticc,   on 

which 

•  Sec  WooblJon's  Religion  of  S'ature. 

\  "  For  wc  mull  tdl  )  ou,  that  lonp  before  one  hundred  years,  our  an- 
*'  icQors  t.iwt- &.'//  ofthiivertonunJ,  and  their  children  have  rtmainei 
"  Jicrccvcr  ftnci."     S^tub  of  the  lix  nations  at  tbc  treaty  of  LaucttUi. 


tel 


n 


<fi.: 


p. 


*•  •>.- 


y  g-iin  .1  Inl:. 
^o  much  oi 
'•  both  lIJc, 

'i'  h'  ^vhici, 

^^^■>y  inarj 
ts  orgroiuid 
oiivcniciicc, 
')  one  cllt." 
ys,   "   Thar    f 

»is,   or  cm 

>    Jight,    IS 
^<  JuankiiiiJ    ^ 

of    others    f 

•"''''Uf^iJUi  y     f 

lo  Veil  the    I 
»   ot-  tiibc    1 ' 
f  f'lc  abo-    » 
^  >jght  to    [ 
'H'nioriaf, 
lU'cclTaiy 

nature, 

Jirif    to 
n  ui  firil 
a/c;   lor 
diviiit 
» iiaving 
thcrc^  f 
^e   been 
ice,   on 

which 


I,  nuran- 
rrtnaincd 

iii-atki. 


[     '7    ) 


^kith  Furopt-an  titles  arc  frcijueiitly  iounclcd. for 

it  mull  have  been  jiiven  by  the  hand  of  that    Ui:iNG, 

%tho  irmted  thi  worUy  an  J  is  the  tno/i  rightful  Jifpojcr 

of  it.      Aud    uolwithllaiuliiu^    the    princes    of  Lurope 

•rro^iantly  .illuiULvl  ilic  »'  Muinion  and  property  of  A- 

meriea,    ilill  the  rir;ht  of  the  Indian  natives  has  been  fo 

gviJfnty    and   the  ifijiijii'f  oi  taking  it   from  lliem   has 

bt-en    It)   fenlibly  felt,    tl\ar    mol\  of  the   fovcreigns  of 

'iF.uropc  liave  been  tompcUcdy   by  the  force  of  truth  and 

Jvj\illiec,  to  acknowledge  the  Indian  tribes  or  i>^iions  to 

khc    irndtpendfut    t  onwiunitit's  -,    and    to    rccogyiize    their 

right  to  the  feveral  countries  ijihabited  by  them,   but 

iilfo  io  I'urchafc  inidt-r  that  right. 

In  i66:  King  ChArks  the  Second  grunted  the  char- 
ter of  Hhcdi'  I/Iu}idy    !kc.    and   therein  is   recited,   that, 
•*  They  the  faid  John  Clerk,    IJenjamin  Arnold,   &c. 
•*  and  the  reft  of   the  purchiifirs    and   inhabitants  of 
*'   our  iil.ind,   called  Rhode  Uland,  and  the  reft  of  the 
colony    tyf  I'rovideiice    plantations,   did    tranfplant 
themlelves  into  the  m'ldii  of  the  Indian  ndticnSywhOf 
as  we  are  informed,   are  ihc  mr^i  potent  princes  and 
*•  people  of  all  that  country,   where,   by  the  good  pro- 
vidence   of  God    upon    their   labour  and  huluftry, 
they   have    not  only   been  preferved  to  admiration, 
but  have  increafed  and  profpercd,  nndarefeizedand 
polfi'lfsdy   by  piirchiife  and  confent  of  the  faid  natives, 
to  their  full  content,  of  fueh  lands,  rivers,  harbours 
and  roads,   as  are  very  convenient  both  for  planta- 
tions,  and  building  llups,"  &c.      And  in  1663,  the 
following  ch'cular  letter  was  tranfmitted  by  the  King's 
command,   June  the  21ft,    1663,   to  the  Governor  and 
Affoci^tes  of  the  Maffachufct'^s^  Plymouth^  New  Haven, 
and  Conne^icut  colonies.  '    , 


n 

n 


4 


Charlts 


««;. 


l\ 


-t 


h  ■ 


'■'     \* 


hi'- 


I 


•,!>1 


p 

L 


1.9     ] 


Tri'st\   .uuI  well  bclov^tl,  .\\\  A^'^'^'^  y*->i'  ^vell. 

JJ/'Il E  RE .iSy  Wc  h.ivt  Ikiu  i;ivcn  to  iHKltrrt.tiui, 
thai  our  imxkI  hiI)'n.».Hs,  'Ihoni.is  Chillinch,  John 
Scoil,  John  \Vii)tIiri)p,  l).iMi(.l  l)i  iiniliMJ,  Simon  I'n.ul- 
Ihcct,  ihom.is  Millc  I-,  Ri>  li.ncl  Smhh,  I'.dw.iul  Hmcl'. 
iDloDf  Amos  Huh. iiilloii,  John  Ah ock,  Willi.ir.i  lluJ- 
lon,  ami  their  Ali'oi  iatcs,  hiviiip,  in  tlu  ripht  ot 
^lajor  Allurtoii,  iJ  j,Jl  hrcf'r'utx  in  tl\-  f^'arriijianf',  i 
country  ii\  N\\v  l■n,^!.lu^l,  y  £i,i>.fc  fi:m  the  native 
frir.ict  cftl\it  iOuntrw  aiul  bc'iv<\  KLjir-jUi  t:  imf^r^^c  it 
into  an  Ei^lif:  i  'Jouy  aiul  pl.nit.uioii,  to  ihc  ciilar^;ing  of 
our  I'njiiro,  ami  the  \.ommon  i',ooil  of  our  ^uhjtd'ij 
tht'y  arc  yet  duly  dijlurlu  1^  anJ  unjujUy  miLjUJ  in  th-ir 
t^lI'M'^'^  ^i^'f  l^iiidil'lc  cjuLiivours^  by  ctrlain  uincalba- 
ablc  and  tmbnhnt  fpirits  of  I'roviJcncc  colony,  of 
New  linglaml  aford.iiJ,  ti>  the  qrcat  Icandal  of  jiilticc 
and  govLi'inncnt,  and  the  imnwieiit  Jijl^uraijirmnt  of 
that  hopeful  plantation. 

Wc  have  therefore  thought  fit  herebv  cfte«llual!v  to 
rccommeud  the  /.//./  proprietors  to  your  neighbourly 
kindnefs  and  protection*,  the  prr,prict'jrs  to  be  per- 
mitted peaceably  to  improve  their  colony  and  planta- 
tion, in  New  England,  willing  you,  on  all  occajions  ty 
be  ajjijiing  to  thetn^  agaiidl  fuch  unjuft  oppreliions  and 
moleilations,  that  fo  they  may  he  fciurcd  in  the  full  anJ 
-pCiUeabte  enjoyment  of  thi-jr  said  Country,  ac- 
cording to  the  right  and  title  they  have  to  it,  wherein 
we  will  not  doubt  of  your  rcadinefs  and  care,  and 
fliall,  on  all  good  occafions,  exprefs  how  gracioully  wc 
accept  of  your  compliance  with  our  recommeud.ition ; 
and  fo  wc  bid  you  farewell.  <^. 

Given  at  our  Court  at  Whitehall,  tlie  2  iR  day  of  June,  1663, 
in  the  15th  year  of  our  reign.  .  .*  • 

By  his  Miijerty'b  command, 

HENRY  BENNET. 
Minutes  oi  Council, — Whitehall. 


3 .:!; 


\J 


r  19  1 


'II  ^^■c\^, 
iKlcntuu'*, 
'hIi,  John 
non  lli.nl- 
I  J  Huttl: 
i.Mn  Hiid- 

rriifian/it 
he  iL7tive 
^npr9vc  it 
aiging  of 

/  in  tht-ir 
Jiicafon- 
lony,   of 
>^  j  II  It  ice 
mi  lit  of 


u.illy  to 
bouily 
-  ptr- 
ilaiita- 

Jions  tiy. 

ns  an  J 

f///  an  J 
,   ac- 

KTcin 

.ind 
ly  wc 
tion; 

ET. 


King  Charh's  the  iSccotid  alfo  granted  a  charter  of 
nu  orpor.ition  H)  Lord  liilloughhy  of  l\iihaiu,  for  the 
colony  of  Surinrifn^  aiul  thcrciui  in  tlic  luofl  explicit 
manner,  ackni-wlcdgcd  the  original  right  of  the  ludi- 
auj  to  the  I  II:  c.  1  Ik  iharfcr  nicn'ions  '*  //.v  /ini/ul 
•*  potf.  (hr.ijf  ,1/;, I  tif/r  oi  him  tiit.  faid  Lord  Willoughby 
*'  and  lus  hvir^,  of,  in,  and  fo  tlic  afortfaid  part  of 
*'  the  main  land  wlihln  tlv  rivtri>  and  limits  afi.»!ciaid, 
•*  /a  ticqttirtil  /m,  and  icntriicliil  Jci  ivtth  the  native 
**  §iunfrsi  and  inhabitants  thereof,"  and  decl.ovs, 
that  the  faid  coloTiy  "  ought  to  be  encouraged  and 
**  providetl  of  good  anil  nccellary  laws  for  the  ordci  ly 
*'  i'/)vernnieat  thereof,  that  lb,  not  r,nly  the  trndc^  hux. 
**  alp  the  ihninicn  cf  this  ^ur  kiiiiil-m  mw)'  be  theivby 
*'  mnih  augmented  and  inercafed,"  and  that  ior-  the 
purpolc    ''*    oi  rntifyiny^  And  conjirniiiig,    as  much  as 

**     IN     USUI'S,     THKJUSrANI)     LAWFUL    titU  aild 

*'  tight    of  him  the    faid   Lord    Willoughby,   and    his 

**  heirs  an^l  ailigns,    i/"  and  into  the  Jamc^   in  as  rimple 

"  a  manner  as  hatli  at  any  time  heretofore  hecn  grant- 

*'  /•</  to  any  pcrfon  or  perpjnSt  owner  or  owners^  pro* 

*'  prict'-.r  or   pr:prie!orSy   lord  or  lords    of  any  other 

"  plantation  in  America. 
"   We  do  therefore,"  he* 

Soon  after  the  Englifli  had  cftablifhed  themfelvcs  in 
America,  the  Dutch  made  fettlemcnts  at  Ntxo  Tork^ 
and  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Delaware,  and  alfo  at 
the  entrance  of  Connecticut  river;  and  at  each  of  ihcfc 
fettlemcnts,  they  purchafed  the  foil  of  its  native  Indian 
inhabitants:!  they,  however,  defertcd  the  two  laft 
fettlemcnts,  but  extended  that  of  New  York.  The 
Dutch  had  not  long  abandoned  the  river  Delaware, 
before  a  number  of  Swedes  and  Finns,  encouraged  by 

GuJiaviiS 

•  Recorded  in  the  Rolls  Chapel,— Chancery  Lane,  London. 
t  See  Smith's  Hittory  of  New  York, 


.<%•. 


•  i 


I' 


1 


r 


1' 
I' 

i  r 


[ 


20 


1 


rvfT^'f    -'/:.; /'/r,   tnnrportcd  and   cllabliflicd  thcin 
.•»•  th  :•'■.    iiti.i    ''  ;  •/.  .  /.  ,/;•/  of  the  Indians  tlu;  hinds 
tri»u.vi,(    IJoiwr  \x    \\\     !•  il's  nt* /)<7tixy.ir<',  on  botli 
luUs  1)1  I..     iiMi.   u  ,1,  h  '111  y  t  .ilii-d  New  iSwcdclanJ 

I'll,  •  if  ft    thr  huiiiiu  chiifs  t 


(( 


«'    S 


tiA  .(III, 


•in 


a 


/>3 


(t 


*'  oin.unpr.u  (aUlipouVlliun  oTilu'  laiul  lopurclialcd/** 
'J'!k-  Dhfi/)  noivuihiianilin;.',  alll  itnl  tlitir  pn  unlions  to 
the  fDuniry,  (h.iviiu;  i>r«.\ionlly  el'tahlillu  d  thinil'clvc^ 
on  a  part  of  it  wiilmi  the  Capes  of  l)i  lawarc)  And 
ilvnuwiUA  ihiir  ilaiin  en    ,i  f^u/  i'h.iff    wh'uh   ihcv    hati 


mack' 


J^'l 


V  19,    U>si»    Iroin  ihc  Inilian  uuncis  of  all 


llu;  lands  "  beginning  at  the  wtit  hde  of  the  l^luni'ju.: 
or  Chiiliiana  Kill,  in  thi  Indian  I,ain',u»jN-  named 
Suff'tLOii^hf  and  extending,  to  the  month  ot  llie  bay 
or  v'wLV  rAkd  /> com t^t  Hjk\  in  tlu:  hulian  lau«Mi:i(u 
Cannarejfe^   and  fo  tar  inland  as  tl»e  bonn«Is  and  b 


it 


<( 


ii 


{( 


<( 


mits  of  the   Muniquai  laml,    \k\\\\    all    llu-    Itnanis, 

appurtenances  and  dcpcndeneics  thereof/'t And 

the  Court  of  Surdrn  apprehcmhcl  alio,  that  no  \i[\,\\ 
or  juft  title  could  be  acquired  lor  lands  in  America, 
except  by  f^rtint  or  ccjjlon  fiom  thi  native  proprietors 
thcrcot;  and  tlureforr  that  Court,  in  1656.  prefented 
the  following  Memorial  to  their  High  Migluinellls  the 

States  General  of  Holland. 

*'  THE  un<lerwritten  lu/i.ieni  of  Sweden  doth  find 
himfelf  obliged,  by  exprefs  ordery  to  declare  imtc> 
their  High  and  Mighty  Lordlhips  herewith,  that  the 
eommijjioners  cj  ihe  H^eji  India  cjtnpany  in  this  country 
in  the  New  Nethetlandsy  now,  the  lall  fummer,  did 
unexpectedly  allault,  by  force  of  arms,  the  Swedijb 
cclony  there ;  taking  from  them  their  forts,  and 
drove  away  the  inhabitants,   and  wholly  difpofleflld 

"   the 


«< 
<r 
«c 
it 
(t 
<{ 
it 


*  Smith's  niftory  of  New  Jerfey. 

t  Smith's  Hillory  of  New  York,  an<l  the  A  fTcmhly  of  Pcnnfylvania  ir 
j68i,  declared  "  this  land  vo  have  be.n  poJ]'cJ^d  bj  the  Dutch^  indhf^g^^ 
••  by  them  of  the  natives."' 


liOicd  thcin- 
Aiis  tlio  lands 
\f.irt't  on  l)()tl> 
w  Swi  dclanJ 
//»;//  chiifs  t(. 
purclMrccl."* 
xiiinllons  to 
<\  iluinlclvo/v 
lawarc)  anit 
ill  ihi.v  hatt 
•\vncjs  of  all 
tlic  l^luni'ju.i 
\\\M\c  nanicil 
li  of  lliL  bay 
!an  lauiMiaiu 
Hinds  .inil  1' 
ilu-    (tii.ims, 

f."f Antt 

Ii.it  nil   \(  imI 

in  Amtiicj, 

proprictoi  s 

>.  pri  Tented 

uincllls  ilic 

\i  doth  find 
•clarc  unto 

|li,  that  the 
lis  countrv 

jnimcr,  did 

ic  Swfdijh 

forts,   and 

lifpofll-flVd 

"   thi: 


jnfylvania  in 


I    ii     1 

the  Swcdlrti  company  of   their  dil\ric\  j--  it    ii  trnc 

*  and  witliont  ilifpuii"." 
(The  Rij'uUut  tunhti  obfcrvcd)  **  Thai  lUcSmc/'fiiOm' 

'  ptiny  dul .:.  juiy*-^  o  i'  r  i  \^^^  r  I T  u  I.  o  lir  u  I  s,  that  part 

which  thiv  polVclViil,   and  did  buy  it  of  the  luitivci^ 

'   and  cowiccjiuntiy  liavc  had  polTellion  or  it  for  fc^e- 

'   ral   ytarsi   and   wiriiou  r     that   (purthal'c)   //r 

*'    li'rli  India  cinpiViy  of  thr/t'  rountrirs   did  nev^r  pt e^ 

*•    irnl    In    <viy    thif.y.       W lui-i.tv)rc"    the    fiid  Rrfident 

**   dotli   not  doubt  but    ihcfc  hollibiics  will  very  much 

*  dil'plcalc  their  Ilii;h  and  Mighty  Lordlhips;  and 
'  doth  dtTn-e,  in  the  n  line  of  his  moft  p,raiious  A'l;?^ 
'   and  Lord   (of  Surdrn  )   that  tlieir  lligli  ami  M'l'Jity 

*  Loi'dfliips    would    be    pleall'd    to    i,v!<.c  fomc  fpeedy 
**   order  for  tbe  reditlluig  of  fui  h  Jivliiwf'ul  procccd- 

••   iiit;s, K    till     iullice,  tiie  nnitu.d    amity  between 

"  both  nations,  wwA.  the  coidenuence  of  the  bulinefs 
**  reijuire,  ami  is  ixpeilvd  ivom  tlieii-  I  lii'h  Wifdoms, 
**  wheit^y  the  iSu'<(////'  company  may  be  rrjiortd  un- 
•*   di-mnificd.    Done  at  the  IliigUi  the  22d  March,  1656. 


^i 
> 


N.  iS.]    Si'.^ned, 


H.    .^pfdch'.om. 


In  1664,  Colonel  Nichols,  Sir  Robert  Cane,  and 
|iwo  other  Hriiifh  cominillioners,  with  a  Imall  lieei  and 
army,  reduced  all  the  Dutch  pollinions  in  that  part  of 
America,  to  the  dominion  of  the  crown  of  Fni^land,  and 
when  thefc  forces  were  before  the  city  of  New  Amller- 
cLini  (fince  New  York)  and  had  lummoni- I  the  (lover- 
nor  and  Magiftrates  to  Uirrender  to  the  King,  tliey  an- 
fwcred,  that  they  *'  /\idfiiti/.'a/idthi-/jndc/fhi'Ka-' 
tivi's,  princes  of  tht-  count ry^  and  had  continued  in 
the  uinterrupied  jiotrciTion  tliereof,  and  that  they 
made  no  doubt,  that  if  his  Majeity  of  (^reat  Ihitain 
were  truly  informed  of  thefe  facts,  he  was  too  ju- 
dicious to  give  any  order,   that  the  places  and  for.- 


i( 


(( 


it 


trelfes  in  their  hands  iliould  be  given  up,"  &c. 


•  Thurloc's  Sutc  Pap -is,  »ol.  5 


After 


:;: 


ifll 


H 


»      ;• 


I' 


■>i 


I  -2         j 

After  the  D./*A  rfulcmiMU>  in  this  p.nrt  of  A»ucri<*,\ 
were  itiliK  t  I,  Coloiul  nidi.MvI  Nichols,  .SirUolun 
Cain-,  (Kori',«  C.im\ii|>lii,  ,hI  S.imiul  M.i\ciick, 
Eliirs.  itt  out,  .ij'rcc.ihlL' to  \  i\Hi'\.\\  <  ominillioii  hiim 
Kin^  CI'Aflis  ilu  Si\-t!ift  t(>>ilif  tlu  IcMi.tl  N\w  l.iig- 
l.iiul  t  olenifs,  .iih'  cn<jiiiri  into  |>  iriicul.u-  .il)iif«.s  whii  l\ 
li.ui  bci  n  coinpl.ii.ictl  i)f,  in  thr  .hIik;  lim  i('h»m  (H  jnl"- 
licc  anil  oi  government  in  tluK  rnloiiii-^:  .ind  the 
inftriu'Viuns  whic  Ii  thi  y  rcccivt'l  (roni  the  KiiV';i  « '^ - 
fpcilint*  ihr  ohjuts  i>t  tluii  vilit,  illoril  .luiilut  inoof, 
thll  lif  conluK'JcJ  tlic  lifJui'i  Kiit!'j>:i  t^i  ;\nitiir\  .;j 
imicl'ifuit'nt  jhiti's^  ijiiitUJ  (o  tin  i»cmr.il  bcnctifs  uf" 
property,  ;uk!  ot"  iul'tif4, :— -I'.ii  i  ot'  thtlc  inltrudiioiis 
were  as  iollow,    \  iz. 

'*  You  Ih.ill  inlorni  yoiirrtKcs  o("  the  ll.ue  (^f  the 
nti:',hl>ouring  Indian  piincfSt  :\ud  enipiire  wh.ii 
ireaties  have  been  niaiU'  bdwccn  iliein  anJ  any  ot 
the  Kind's  fuhiti^ls;  an  J  \t  iluie  has  been  any  fail- 
ure on  the  p.irr  otany  o(  liis  M.»itit)\  lubjijjfls,  you 
fh.ill  take  cire*f\ual  courle,  iliat  ri- para t ion  ^\^^\  fiitil- 
latH-.u  be  jnatle  /'iv  any  iiijuiy  fujlaincil  thereby;  and 
Ih  ill  ule  .ill  w.iys  and  means  to  let  thole  ptincis^ 
and  oilur  Iniliau'?,  know  ot  his  MajelK's  char^ic 
"   in  their  belialf."* 

In  the  year  1684,  ih  l.ortl  Ih^ivard  of  Efllngham, 
thrn  Governor  ot  I  iicima.  wint  with  two  of  his 
Counfel  from  thence  to  ■Jihanvy  to  eoncUule  a  treaty 
witii  xhc  Six  l\'afir,ns  i  an  I  tm  the  1  .;th  of  July*  in  the 
prelencc  ot  the  Governor  of  A'ciu  Icrk^  and  the  ma- 
gil>raies  of  .Hr.iry^  \\c  addreiVed  a  fpcech  to  them,  con- 
taining propofils  for  a  future  alliance  and  friendlliip, 
which  wtrc  formally  accepted  and  ratified.      And  here 


(t 

t  i 

4i 
(  t 
4  t 
it 


\ 


it  IS  prop 


:r  to  obfervc,  that  the  Six  Nations  I»ad  been 


frequently  at  war  with  the  French,  and  v/erc  confidercd 


>,-*H^>.'' 


,\i 


Hutch.  IIil\.  MalUiliukt'i  lij) ,  vol. -I. 


,-JU^ 


ir  Ivolxit 
U.iseiick, 
lion  trum 

1*.  s  wh'u  li 

.mJ   tl)(' 
Kin;;,    ii - 

iiK  I  ic  \  .fi 
cnctifs  of 
iltrudtions 

uc  <if  the 
lire  wh.ii 
nJ  any  oi 
\  aiiv  l.iil- 
j^dls,  you 
anil  /<i///- 
il)yi  and 

's  charjic 

Tmgliani, 
o  of  lu^ 
.1  ircaiy 
ly,  in  the 
ihc  ma- 
icm,  con- 
ic ndlhip. 
Anil  hcrt 
hiul  been 
nonfidcrti! 


f   -3   i 

V^  .1   i>'<»{^  in'poriant  hanitr  to  our  frontier  Anicrlt.in 
liMkiiii-nisi    and  it  thtrct'orc  bccrvmc  expedient  not  only 
ti  ,iipi'tu'*i  t^'ii''  uiiiti  with  lUc  I'.nj^lilli  C'oloniis,  but 
.ilJfi  It)    [•nxtin    ihc  lofll's  ol' ftrtn|',th  and  of  numbers, 
vt.tU  tluy    il.iily  I'ulVLiid    iVom  the  hoflllirus  uf  the 
Frv  nth    Old  their  I'.ili.in  allies,   uhilll  the  crowns  of 
Jn^luul  and  I-'ranic  were  at  peace.      For  this  pnrpt)rc 
J4ol(»nel  /)i/»i7'''/,  then  CItnernor  I'f  New  York,  Hrong- 
^%  ailviftd  antl  rorKift.d  thtin  f;  fut  their  (C.iiilrv  utuUr 
iflf^c  Ai"y,'s  picti\}iony   a>.  an  expedient   that  \\ould  prc- 
ferve  ihem  i\o\\\  the  attaeks  of  the  Kreneh,   who  were 
ilunend;avouriti^lulall)  to  extirpate  them,  chiclly  on  ac- 
count of  ihcir  fui  11  if  lidelity  to  the  I'.nglilh:   this  the 
Indians  «onfenud  to  C\Oy   t  xpettini',  thereby  to  acquire 
a  new  leeuiity,   withoiu  U.linr,  cill>er  their  property  or 
mdt'pt'K'h'ncy  :*  and  inlh  utnc  nt>  w-.  re  at  two  fubfuiuent 
eatie«  executed  for  i'ubniittinv;  their  lands  to  the  erowu 
»f  Eiiguind,    "    to  be  prcti^lt-  /and  tlffindiJ  by  his  Ma*^^"^ 
[►'*  jcrty,    liis   heirs  and  rucceirors  for  ever,   to  and  fcr     ) 
lj¥   tlw  ufc  of  tht'm  (the  laid  Indians^  their  heirs  and  fucy' 
r*   ccfibrs;"!   by  wliiel\  the  public  faith    was  lolenudy 
]  jijighicd   to  ^uarranty,   and  maintain  thefc  nations   in 

il         .  .  "" 

'      •  'TI';<  w'l  appear  by  the  fullowiii.'  rxtraf>  fiom  thr  (peer!)  wliitli  \ht 
^Kn.nulajjas  itul  Ca\  iij;js,  upi-ti  tluit  uii.iltun,  aciilnliol   to   the   two  do- 
ctiujis,  yi?.  *•  \Vi  lifivt  put  lUir  laiul';    ar.d  ourlclvcs   ui'.dcr  iht    frot:H'<^i: 
of  the  crcat  Hiiktf  <if    ^ulk,  t!.c  bi-tliir  ul  >(/..)■  ^Mcat  Sai^i'm,  wln.Iy 
'■liktv^iU-  a  prcat  .iuclum.     W't:  liavt  .iiincxtil  lliSbutqurhannah  River, 
"■wliich  \vc  won  with  ihc  iwoul,  In  thi»  (lovctnmftit   ^Ncw  \ork^  —  u'l 
v'lll  '.',  that  iiity  ot   I  lie  {til  at  I'd  r>  i>toplc  li  ttlc  thrre,  tor  wr  hav*: 
ill)  other  lanil  t»)  leave  oiu  <  hitihtn.  —  let  yowr  tVimd  that  lives  on  the 
other  hiic  ot  the  great  lake,  know   this,  thut  w-e  heiiiij  a  fue  ptop.'i, 
thiyitt^h  itititi'dtc  t'\'  Fl'ijlijh,  P! !,  g'tcc  •■■ur  ,'m/...i,  anil  he  j  .i.edtcti'e  S^chnK 

t  iMtlicyeav  1684,  when  the  \ni\'.\r[%  iveri.  *'tyf.ii,}fil  Ic  f'ut  tidi  /.•;.'« 
iiT  ti\  pntedi')!!  of  the  cr'^vn 'f  h./i^hnirl,  the  govtrnor  of  New  Yoik, 
s  Mr.  Coltliii,  "■  ga^cthcm  the  DuWi  amis  to  Uv  put  '.ip  at  each  of 
their  caOlcs,  in  liopes  It  miglit  deter  the  I-renrli  fioni  attacking  tlien^ 
(as  they  were  threatened  from  C'aiiatla'i  h>  lliis  (o  maniteft  a  drclara* 
tion  of  their  being  under  tltc  protcclioH  ot  the  erovnp  of  Kneland,  when 
the  two  crowns  were  in  the  flri^elt  fiieriiilliip;  hut  (continues  he^  it 
Is  probable  the  Irench  tholV  this  very  time  tc  attack  them,  to  b»iiig 
uicm  utf  from  that  coiiHelcnce  they  fecmed  to  h<tvc  in  the  Lni^lilh." 


If 


t  \ 


\% 


!f1-  ' 


1.     -4     1 

the  (nil  cni<»ymcnt  ol  tluir  ♦rcoilom  and  propcrtv; 
ilioiiglj  tlule  very  inlbuincnts  were  attcrw.irds  pervert- 
ed toiultity  a  f Uiim  of  iloniinii)n  over  tluni:  lor  at  the 
treaty  of  /  //«•<  '•/,  ulun  ilu  power  of  France  had  beca 
ileprtfTt'I  l>v  th(  diikenl  M.ii  lboroui;h*s  and  other  vie-  f 

torie?,    ihc    rolK)\vin','  .irtii  le  was  exa«Jkd  of  the  Frentli, 


wlio  h  id  idl  thi  u  .dwa\'s  atVertnl  the  alifolute  inde 


tk  Hi  \'     o 


f  tl 


»e 


.S'\ 


N 


M 1  () n s ,    \\. 


''   The    fubje 


pcn- 


i!^s 


ot 


It 


IC 


(t 


1' ram  f,    inliahitini',  C'aii.iila  .\\m\  oi!u-r',    Ihall  hert 
after  w''\e  no  hinlrnue  or  MoKriaiu>,i  to    \]\v  Yw 


N. 


if  Iiuli 


/• 


J  t.  thj   J 


tc 


ano.ii,  oi  LaiHons  »ii  i.iui.m-, 
minion  r.f'(:f,.if  Ht ;',!!'?,  nor  to  liie  other  nati^eii  o^ 
*'  Anieric.i,  who  ,iic  fiiuidr.  to  the  lame."  If  ap 
''  piars,  indttil,  that  thi>  tiaini  was  only  intended  to 
fecnre  the  j>v  ace  ami  prt>perty  of  tlie  Six  Nations,  and 
Arc  ni;thentlieii  connexion  with  the  i>ritifhCrowa.  Thei  c 
arc  however  a  nmititiule  of  treaties  and  pubhe  tranfacti- 
'  onsftibfeipient  toth.it  pi.  iic>il,  w  hieh  fnllyihcw,  that  nei- 
ther tlvL  Crown  or  peo[>le  ot  (treat  lirltaln  ever  really 
conlidercd  or  treated  tin  Six  Nations  as  any  other  than 
ij/lii-s.*  And  whe:'.ever  tlu'v  had  been  told  of  our  claim 
oi  dominion  over  them,  tht\  have  never  failedto  refentit 
in  the  moll  (enlible  manner.  Thi^  partiei^larly  hap- 
pened alter  tlie  pt.u  e  ot  A'i/;l'/.  I,  wlien  Captain  Sev- 
ier being  fent  to  Canada,  by  the  Covv^rnment  of  New 
York,  to  ft  tile  fon\e  difpntes  re1pe«^Hng  the  indepen- 
dency of  the  Si  c  Nations  (which  the  Governor  o^  Ca- 
nada refohitcly  maintained)  he  imjirudently  alTerted, 
that  they  were  in  a  Ihite  of  fubje«^tion  to  the  Province 
of  New    York,    which   being  afterwards  ixported  ta 

I  he  in 

*  J/Ab!i('    i?iv;.rt/obr.rvcs,  "  That  in  Ills  computation  of  French  fub- 

*'  jrcis  ill  Cci»,i,Iu,  he  ilid  not  iniliiclc  tiic  many  Indian  Allies.     None 

^*  of  tlnfc  vtic  etfr  conliJciiil  ?s  fuhjiiii,  tliough  they  live  1  in  the  midl^ 

J  **  of  a  gic-at  r.uropcan  colony;   the  fmaUclt  clans  ftill  prcftrvc«l  their  ini^e- 

'  *•  pcKiiiiui'—h  is,  fit-  fays,  hh  oivu  fpcctea^—it  is  tniinkiiid,—\t  is  his  «•/•"''♦ 

"  that  (lie   Indian   loves  and   rel'peits,  but  he  wuuld  halt  a  nmjifr^  antl 

"  dcllroy  him."     Vol.  4. 


ropcrty , 

|lClVCIt- 

)!•  at  the 
i.iil  Ucca 
I  her  vic- 
Frcnch, 
lulcpcn- 

ill  line  - 

the    M\  r 

the   if-. 

If    ap 

ncltil  fii 

IDS.   and 

,1.  Thci  c 

raniactl" 

tli.tt  nci  - 

r  really 

ler  than 

ir  cl.iiiu 

rcfcntit 

ly  hap- 

n    Scv- 


o 


t"  New 
[idcptn- 

o^'  Ca- 

hrcrtcJ, 

•oviuce 

ted  to 


Icnch  ful>- 


jlfr.  a»J 


1    I 


\ 


tl.^'in  was,   as    Governor  Colcien  obfi  rvcs,   **  fo  much 

*'   Kl'eiuctl  by  the  Five  Nation?',    that    i  deputation  of 

•*   the  uu)i\  eonfidrrahle  Sathenis  was  ieni  to  Alliany, 

*'    in  [line    i6(;(>,    to  complain  oi  it;   and  they  lent   at 

*'    the  iaine  time  d.pntics    lu  Canada,    to  cuneludc  the 

"   peace   independently  of  the  Eni'^liili."    And  if  ever 

thev  have  Teemed  fict  difplealed  at  being  called  luhjciS^s 

of  Great  Ih  itain,    it  was  bccaiile    they  did    not  under- 

ftanJ  the  nieanin^  of  the  tei  ni,  ha\ing  no  WDid  in  their 

lani',uage  capnble  ot  con\(yinii;  any  ideas  of  our  kinds 

of  political  fubjec'tion.      They  I'pcak  of  all  their  allies 

and  friends  in  terms  that  exprefs  the  natural  relations 

of  conlanguinity,   calling  them  fathers,    brothers,   nc- 

|)!ieus   c)r   coulins.       The    Knglilh  thtv  (lilc   brothers, 

and  the    Kine;  thev  call  father.      In    a  niell'a'je   which 

they  fcnt    to  the    Governor    of  New  York,   they  faid, 

*'    You  fjy,  that  we  are  I'ubjee^ls  of  the  King  of  England 

**   and    Duke    of  York,   but  we  fay,    \vc  are   brothers 

**   (allu's  and  icluals)  we  mull  take  care  of  ourfelvcs," 

and   in   fu ppport  of  this  juft  opinion, wc  need  only 

refer  to  the  appofite  and  energetic  words  of  the  United 
StntrSy  **  We  hold  thefe  truths  to  be  felf-evidcnt,  that 
**  All.  Mi.N  Aur  CRFATID  E(>JJAL;  that  they  arc 
•'  cnJowd  ry  their  Creator  with  certain  unalienable 
••  rights  ;---that  a^r.sng  thrfcAYC  ///f,  liberty  and  PUR- 
**    SUIT    or    HAPPINESS."* 


D 


u 


Ha 


•   Drclnrntion  cf  ladcprndf^e,  on  the  fourth  of  July,  1776. 

"  riioug'a  the  powers  jf  Hinopc  have  difputcil  about  the  </^f'^Krfr«rv  of 
"  the  CortJcJcr.Jtei  (or  Six  Nations)  on  the  croii'n  of  F,n\^l(,f:d,  Tiuii  x^htihcr 
"  they  arr  i.il^jetff,  or  not, — tic  fame  v.  ili  not  bear  (lifj)i;iing  in  iliis  city, 

"  wlierc  we   tiiow, that  they  are  not  I'nbjeO  to  our  laws; — that  they 

•'  have  iin  m,»^'iftrat<sappoii.n.vI  over  them  by  our  Kin^';---that  they  have 
"  no  reprclen  atives  in  our  ani'mblicsi — that  their  own  conitnt  is  nccef- 

*'  fary  to  engage  them  in  a  war  On  our  litle: But  thai  they  have  the 

**  power  of  lite  apd  death,  peace  and  war.  in  their  own  councils,  v\ithnut 
"  being  accountable  to  us.  Suhjettion  is  wb  *  tl»ey  arv  unjci^iiatHted  villu" 
See  Evan's  Political  and  Meclianical  £(Iayt,  printed  in  1756. 


r 


I' I' 

f 


II 


St-;' 

li 

j<  t. 


[     »6    ] 


**    Z/^*  ^(^.ivr  us  o;?/v  over  bc:ilt,    fillj,    fowf, 
**    D^mimn  ahfUutc.    that  rii'ht  wc  hold 
*'    By  his  donation  ;—/»i</  man  cnr  man 
*'    //<s  made  not  Lord :'—\\\c\\  title  to  liiniftU" 
**    Ri.firvini^i   human  left  tVoni  hmuJUy  //tr."* 

ifi^Veej^^^     Tlic  Five  Nations  added  upon  the  toitgoin^  occafion, 
Truir.    /aw-cj   7-/,,.^..  ^^,.,„^    (j1^^.  i)^,,,^  ^j.-  York's)    nxcd\.pon  thr 

■J^  **   pofts,  cannot  defend  us  from  the  arms  of  Aw  /?w;/<,"  v 


•  i 


«< 

f< 


41 
(( 


VI 

ul 

C( 

d, 

rt 
.11 


then  Governor  of  Canaila,  who  was  marching  a  eon 
fiderahlc  army  againt^  them,  but  despairing  of  fucccfs, 
he  invited  them  to  treat  of  pcarr^  and  accordingly  0.7- 
rancjiJay  a  chiet  Sachem  of  the  Onondagocs,  in  behalf 
of  the  Confederacy,  told  La  Barre,  at  the  licad  of  his 
army,  **  IVl  arc  lorn  free. -—H't  neither  depend  en  Yon- 
nondio  (meaning  the  Governor  of  Canada)  nor  on 
Ccrlearj  the  Lngiiih  Governor.  \Vc  may  go 
where  we  plcafe,  carry  with  us  whom  we  pleafc,  &c. 
If  ycur  allies  be  yiurjldvest  ufe  them  .as  fuch;  com- 
mand them  to  receive  no  other  but  your  people 
*'  We  have  done  lefs  than  cither  the  Enclifli  or  French, 
-who  have  ufurptd  the  lands  cf  Jo  many  naiionSf  and 
chafed  them  frtm  their  &\un  country.** -i 
It  is  time  however  to  clofe  this  review  of  tranfadfi- 
ons,  tending  to  evince  the  right  of  the  native  Indians 
of  America  to  their  refpe<flive  countries:  for  though 
many  other  facts  of  the  like  import  cxift,  enough  have 
already  been  cited  to  produce  the  fulleil  conviction  on 
this  fubjedt.  It  has  now  been  {cent  and  proved,  that, 
the  feveral  Indian  nations  of  America,  at  the  difcoveryf 
of  that  continent,  were  free  and  independent  commu-  I*  P*^ 
liities,  owing  neither  allegiance  nor  lubjeftion  to  any  cop 
foreign  ftate;  that  they  have  neither  ceded  nor  for- 
feited their  freedom  and  independency  by  any  fubfe- 
quent  aft ',  that  they  were  the  oi  .ginal  and  jujl  poffef- 

fon 
*  Milton's  Paradifc  Loft.  f  Sec  U  Honto$$,  Sec.  i 


rii 

fwi 

pc 
tri 
mc 
pic 
feil 
"ro 


',olc 

r 

Ih 
fo' 
Pf 


pn 
Iht 
an, 
do 

th. 

-uui 

1 1 


n\l  occ.ifioii. 
cl    upon  tlir 
f  L,i  Bart  ty'"  ^ 
ililng  ii  con- 
g  of  fucccfs, 
ordingly  ('.t- 
u«;,   in  be  halt 
:  head  ot  his 
cpencl  en  Ton- 
nada)   nor  on 
7  c    may    go 
e  pleafc,  &c. 
fuch;   com-  ^ 
our  people 
1  or  French, 
\tuitiotiSf  and 

lof  tranfadti- 
itive  Indians 


[   27   ] 

font  of  their  feveral  tcrrhorics,  and  lived  in  the  exer- 
cift  of  every  a.it  necefTa.-y  to  invert  iliem  wiih  ail  the 
righti  of  occupancy,  and  therefore  tliat  they,  by  the 
jaws  of  nature  and  of  nations,  haif^  wnd  where  ii  has 
not  been  oiherwile  fpecially  ceded  or  relinquiftied,  Jiiil 
have  an  abfohue,  indcfealible  title  to  the  exclufivcju- 
rifdiftion  of  their  perl'ons,  and  to  the  dominion  and 
pro/^t-rty*  of  their  fcvtral  countries.  77;//,  by  all  ci- 
vilians and  natural  law  writers,  is  divided  into  sr/^/wj/ 
or  di'riviitivf :  the  latter  fpecics,  as  it  depends  on  a 
conveyance  from  others,  may  have  been  conveyed  un- 
der particular  entailments  or  limitations,  fuflicient  to 
retrain  the  free  difpofal  of  it.— But  all  original  property 
and  cfpecially  that  which  a  nation  has  in  a  territory, 
rigi  tfnlly  acquired  and  pofl'cired,  nuiit  necelVarily  be 
what  is  called  *'  full  pr'^pcrty^  and  certainly  the  pro- 
I  perty  of  the  Indians  of  America,  in  their  fcvcral  coun- 
tries, mull  be  conlldered  as  original  and  /if///,  in  the 
moft  perfect  degree  j they  were  the  primitive  occu- 
piers and  owners  of  that  continent,  and  received  pof- 
ifeilion  thereof  from  ih^  dfvine  Creator  himfelft  free 
rom  the  conftraint  of  any  human  limitation  or  power. 
*  Full  property^*  (fays  the  judicious  Dr,  Rutherford)! 


« 


tn 


•  The  learned  Author  of  the  Vindication   of  the  Settlementi  of  the 


for  though     I-  learned  Autnor  or  the  vindication   ot   the  ncttlementi  ot  th 

o         Colony  at  Dartcn,  printed  in  London,  in  the  year  1699,  obferves,— — 
enough  have       '  T.'ut  the  native  proprietors  and  poflcflurs  of  a  country  arc  vejicdw\i\\  t 
.ry  *  po^erinhircMl  in  ll.'cmjllves,  by  wJ:ich  they  imy  rtghtfu/ly  and  authorila- 

>nVlCtl0n  on       <  //^^/^^  ivilbMt  being  accountable  to  any  ether,  admit  and  receive  fitangcrs, 
)rOVed,  thati     '  foreij^nerSf  aliens  and  othen,  ii«to  their  territories,  and  within  their  own 
..^  I    '  proper  and  peculiar  jurifdiOions,  and  allow  them  the  frivilege  and  right 

le  UllCOVery  I"  «  tf  fettling,  inlabitiug  and  trediug  among  them;  for  it  is  one  of  the  prji 
tnt  COmmU-  '  principles,  both  of  the  laws  of  nature  and  nations,  thut  they  -who  art  the 
'  original  and  primitive  proprietors  of  a  country  and  foil,  may  admit  vel- 
lOn  to  any  come,  and  take  in  others,  into  the  inhabiting,  planting,  cultivating  and  im- 
proving the  flime ;— but  w  m^M  can  give,  dijpofe,  and  alienate  tt  another^ 
that  iviich  he  ucitber  has  in  poffiefpon,  nor  can  pretend  any  ietal  claim  tf  title 
*  and  right  kn/o/— -which  the  Pop^  both  bctiayed  his  pnde  and  fojiy  ia 


td  nor  for- 
any  fubfe- 


doing,  when  he  took  upon  htm  the  granting  of  all  the  Wefl  Indict  to 


.    rt  yw./7J,r,    ■  «">"g,  wncn  nc  looK  upon  mm  tne  granting  01  an  ine  weii  inaKkio 
jUJt  pojjcj-    m  jiip  jj.jj^g  ^^  Spain,1>cing  therein  ridi(utoujlj  liberal  of  that,  which  di4  ue 


kc. 


forS     1  "'^"J'l  nppertgin'to  him" 

■  1 1  InHitutcs  o(  Natural  Law. 

k 


\  . 


-V  :. 


t;H 


r' 


M    ^: 


¥ 


■i      ! 


it 
€( 


L     28     J 

'*  in  Any  things  /f  a  perpetual  right  to  ufe  it  to  any 
"  pirM/t'y  an  J  to  difpofe  of  it  at  pltdfure.  Property 
(continues  he)  in  the jtri^  notion  of  if,  is  fuch  a  right 
to  J  i'^ini^y  .:s  excludes  all  perfons,  except  the  pro- 
piii.i:r,  frcm  nil  miinncr  of  claim  upon  it.  ho  per- 
pn  therefore  cau,  conjiflenth' with  fuch  a  ripjyt,  take 
the  thing  from  him,  at  any  time,  or  hiiiJ.r  him  tn 
*'    ^^'■'  f ''''''  "A  of  it,   or  prevent  him  from  Jifp^Jing  :f 

**    it,   as  he  p/eafes." And  the  learned  and  accurate 

IVoolajlon   remarks,   *•   To   have    the    -jHoperty    of   an'^ 
"    thing,   and  to  have  the   Tolc  right  of  ufrag  and  dif- 

**  Pj^^'^r,  "^  '*^   ^rc  the  fame  thing; they  arc  ciiui- 

*'    po  lent  exprtfTion-,"* 

It  has  alfo  been  fccn,  and  will  he  more  fully  fhcwn 
in  the  fucectding  pat^js,  that  this,  the  title  of  the  na- 
tives, by  frequent  purchafcs,  numerous  treaties,  alli- 
ances and  other  publick  tranfa^Kons,  has  been,  in  ihc 
fuUeil  manner,   alTerted  and  eonlirmed. 

Upon  the  whole,  therefore,  as  the  Indian  Nations 
of  America  arc  unqucHionably  intitled  to  all  the  rights 
of  *'  full  property"  in  their  feveral  countries,  it  rc- 
fults  as  a  nccelTiiry  and  final  conclufion,  'hat  they  have 
an  indefcafiblc  right  frrcly  to  fell,  and  grant  to  any 
perfon  whatfoever  ;  and  that  all  Tales  and  conveyances 
made  by  any  Indian  tribe  or  nation  of  their  lands,  are 
in  every  rcfpedt,  fufficicnt  to  afford  the  mod  valid  and 
pcrfeft  title  to  the  fame. 

Having  thus,  we  hope,  fairly  and  fuHv  eftabliHied  the 
right  of  the  natives  to  their  feveral  territories,  we  fhall 

"^     .,         ,. ,    -■         next 

*  Religion  of  Nature. 

Pnffendorf  fays,  '*  £a  eft  ris  Domini,  ut  derebui  que  tanijuym  pro* 
priset  ft  in  folitlum  ad  nos  pertinent /ro  arbUrit  ntftrt  diffttere  ffffumm. 
Ut  quis  rem  fuam  poflit  alienare,  feu  in  «ltenim  trantferre,  \A  ipluin  ex 
dominii  pteni  nature  re(t|ltat.  Cum  enim  hoc  Domino  dit  facultatemde 
re  pro  arbitrio  ditpofendi,  u<:ique  tcI  prxcipua  ejus  facultatii  pan  vidatur, 

fl  ita  placcat,  earn  in  alteruip  f^ttffifnr*  (de  juris  nates  gent.)" 

A  multitude  of  authorities  of  the  like  import  might  be  citt^,  bttt  the  fa^ 
here  aflerted,  is  too  notortoui  to  need  con^roMtiqp, 


"^TIWBI      .' 


r" 


C     29     ] 


ib 


f/t*  ''  /o  iny 
c.  Property 
^  fuch  a  right 
rept  the  pro- 
t.  Ao  per- 
'  rijlhty  taki- 
'iihi.  r  him  m 

I  M/pcJing  s/ 
inJ  actur.Uc 
crty  of  any 
fi^ii;  and  dif- 
cy  arc  tijui- 

t'ully  fhcwn 
c  of  the  nu- 

icatics,  alli- 
iccn,   in  ilic 

llan  Nations 

II  the  rights 
tries,  it  rc- 
u  they  have 

ant  to  any 

onveyances 

lands,  are 

valid  and 

bliOied  the 
s,  we  (hall 
next 


in<|u|im  pro* 
mtre  ffffumns. 
,  \d  ipUun  ex 
•cultatem  de 
pan  viditur, 
Ijent.)" 

bat  f  he  HA 


■\: 


next  confiJcr  the  jiifkicc  and  legality  of  the  claim  of 
Virfjnid  to  the  lands  u-^ifcin/  of  the  ///hgany  mountain* 
As  far  as  this  pretenfion  is  founded  on  a  charter  granted 

to  Sir /faZ/fr  Rawleii^h  in    1583; a  patent  ilVued  by 

jfciftus  the  I'irll  in  1602,  or  one  granted  in  i6oy,  we 
mull  take  the  liberty  of  generally  referring  our  readers 
to  an  excellent  pamphlet,  called  Public  Goo::,  <vrit- 
ten  by  the  celebrated  Author  of  Con^uon  Scnfe,  for  a 
full  and  complete  refutation  of  fuch  pretenfion;  butt 
as  that  Sttite  has  fet  up  another  claim,  founded  upon  a 
deed  from  the  Six  United  Nations  of  Indians  to  King 
(ieorge  the  Second,  obtained  at  a  treaty  held  with 
them  at  LaiutJ/ier  in  Penn/yhani.if  in  the  year  1  744» 
by  Lieutenant  Governor  Thomds  of  that  province,  and 
tommillloners  from  j^liiryldtiJ  nnd  I'irgiuiiit — we  fhall 
proceed  to  examine  that  decil  and  treaty.  v    1 

Governor  Thomast  June  the  25th,  fpokc  to  thefcLi**^*^**! 
commillloners,  and  the  chiefs  of  the  Six  Nations^  as  ^7^^-  J  | 
follows:  J        " 

At  a  treaty  held  by  me  two  years  ago,   in  behalf  of 
the  government   of  Penn/y/vtinitiy   with  a   number  of  \ 
the  chiefs  of  the  Indians  of  the  Six  Nations,   1  wis  de-    ^ 
fired  by  them  to  write  to  the  Governor  of  Maryland, 
concerning  /i/mr  lands  in  the  hack  parts  of  that  province, 
which  they  claim  a  right  to  from  their  con^ue^s,  over  the       . 
ancient  poflTcflbrs,  and  which  have  been  fettled  by  Come       J 
of  the  inhabitants  of  that  government,  -without   their      \ 
CQnfenty  or   any  purchafe  from  them.     It  was    at  that       , 
time  underf^ood,   that  the   claim  was   upon  Maryland      . 
only:  but  it  has  fince  appeared  by  fome  letters  formerly     i 
wrote  by  Mr.  Prefident  Logan  to  the  late  Governor  of   ^ 
Maryland^  that  it  related  likewife  10  fome  lands  in  the  i 
back  parts  of  Virginia.     The  Governors  of  thefe  co- 
lonies foon  manifefted  a  truly  equitable  difpoiition  to 
come  to  any  reafonaUc  terms  with  the  Six  Nations,  on 

account 


Hi 


.<    •! 


}  i; 


y.  r 


i'l  ! 


[     .10     J 

accour.f  ■»/ //'»/;•  Anj^f/    nmiilcfncd,   that  for  //.j/  end 
a  time  aiul  place  niight  be  HxcJ  for  a  tre.ii)  ^vUh  them. 

The  fame  day  the  InJians  replieil  to  (Jovcnioi  TA;- 
w<7.f,  anil  r.ikl Hut  fince  there  are  foine  difpmcs  be- 
tween us,  n/pi'i^fni^Q  ihi  laiuis  pnjJ'rJI'vd by  them  (the  m- 
hixhitjuts  of  MAtyhind  urtJ  rirt^inuj  wliic  h  fornjcrly 
beloiii.;eil  to  us  we,  according  to  our  ciilb)ni,  propoi'c 
to  have  thole  differences  //r/?  adjullcd,  and  thru  \vc 
iliall  proceed  to  confirm  tlu-  hiendlliip  fubrittinfr  be- 
tween us,  uhich  will  meet  with  no  obluudion,  .i/tcr 
ihifi'  vxAtttts  arc  ftttUJ^  A  Belt, 

The    Covernor    anTwere*.! 1    receive     yonr     belt 

with  qrc.it  kindnefs  ami  affciTtion  ;  and  as  to  what  re- 
Ijctes  to  the  government  ot  I'tr^inia  and  Mary/.jrJf  the 
honourable  commiflioucrs  now  prcient,  arc  ready  to 
irCiit  with  vou. 

The  commiilioncrs  of  r'//;.'^/?t;(i  on  the  27th  of  June, 
fpoke  as  follows : 
liri'thref}, 

IN  the  year  173'^,  four  of  your  Sachems  wrote  a 
letter  to  J''"'''^  Loiiiiu^  VA\\\  the  Prcfidcnt  of  Pcnn- 
ivlvania,  to  let  the  Ciovernor  ot  I  irginia  know,  thiit  vou 
(the  Six  Nations)   exl^c^al  fomc  confiJcration  for  lands 

IN    THE    OCCUPATION  Ol-    SOMI,    OF    T  H  F.    PEOPLE   OF 

Virginia.  Upon  iccing  a  copy  of  this  letter,  the 
(.Governor,  with  the  Council  of  Virginia,  took  fomc 
lime  to  conlider  of  it.  They  found  on  looking  into 
old  treaties,  that  you  had  given  up  your  lands  to  the 
great  h'ingi  who  has  had  poff'ejjion  of  Virginia  above  160 
years,  and  under  that  gnat  King  the  inhabitants  of 
Virginia  hold  their  landj   fo  they  thought  there  might 

•  In  IT41,  the  Six  Natii^BS  complained  to  the  Govfrnor  of  Pcmifylva- 
nia,  of  their  lands  being  lettlcd,  and  inlifkd  upon  tlu-  fettlers  being  re- 
moved, which  was  accordingly  done.  They  likevvife  laid  claim  to  some 
l.indi  in  Maryland  itud  Virginia^  which  occafioned  the  treaty  at  I.ancafter, 
in  J  744-  Hcc  Inquiry  into  the  Caulcs  of  the  Alienation  of  the  Dclawiircs 
4nU  Sluwiiclc,  printed  ia  17^9- 


N 


t 


r  31  1 


rote  a 
Pcnii- 

hiit  you 
'  lanJi 

LE   OF 

,  the 
fomc 
g  into 
o  the 
c  160 
ts  of 
ight 
be 

iifylva- 

[ing  rc- 

SOME 

icafter, 
la  wares 


be  fomc  mlftakc:  wherefore,  they  dciucd  tlir  Govor- 
iwv  ot"  New  York  to  ciujuirc  of  vou  .ibout  ir.  lie  fcnt 
his  interpreter  to  you  in  May,  174^,  who  laid  this 
before  you  at  a  Council  heUl  at  C/iuinJti<^'u ;  to  which 
you  anfwir,  '*  That  if  you  hail  any  ilenuuul  or  pre- 
tcnlions  on  the  (iovernor  of  l'iri\ini>i  any  way,  you 
would  have  made  it  known  to  the  CJovernor  of  .V^-i  - 
?:r/l."  'I  Ills  torrelponds  with  what  you  faid  to  (uj- 
vernor  7'/'C'>;<;'j,  in  the  treaty  made  with  him  at  PhiLi- 
dt'lphui  in  July,  1742;  for  then  you  only  make  your 
claim  to  lands  in  the  government  of  M.iryiiVuL  Tell 
v%  what  nations  of  Indians  you  eon>.^uc»  *. «.!  any  lantls 
ivom  in  I  it^tnia  .  how  long  it  is  liiice,  and  what/?/- 
ft]ffi'>ri*  you  have  had;  and  if  it  does  appear  that  there 
is  any  land  on  th  b  bor  dkrs  o  i  \  ikc.inia,  that  the 
Six  Nations  have  Aright  to,  wc  ar;  uilhng  to  m;ikc 
vou  latisfn^tion. 

The  Six  Nations  the  fame  day  repiii.d  and  laid.  In 
your  fpeeth  this  morning  you  were  pleaiVd  to  lay,  wc 
had  wrote  a  letter  to  James  Lci^dn  about  fcven  years 

ago, 

•  Mr.  CoLUn,  the  late  novernor  of  Niv.'  1  rr.  in  his  Hiftory  of  tlic 
rive  Nations,  ohfcrves.  That  in  thrycarr664,  :!f  Fivr  Nations,  hcing 
anipl\  p.oviilcil  by  the  F.nglilh  with  fire  arms  ;aul  .mmunition,  gaxc  a  full 
Ivviiif  to  their  warlike  genius.  They  can icij  ilinr  jims  as  ^ar  f.uth  <jx 
Carcn),at—\.o  the  northward  of  New  EnpIanJ  an  J  ai  fnr  iiv^  n  tie  nvr 
Al:Jfijippi,  over  a  vaft  country,  which  cxttndcJ  laoo  milts  in  Icnytli  titin 
north  to  ibuth,  an«I  about  6cc  milts  in  brca.llh,  wht-re  ibcv  rniircly  Ic- 
ftroyed  whole  nations,  ot  whom  there  are  no  accounts  remaining  amci;g 
the  Eiiglilh:--  -—And  Governor  Votvniil,  who  many  years  aeo  ililiwently 
examined  into  the  rights  of  the  natives,  an<l  partiiul:irly  into  th-'fc  ot  the 
fwrthiru  conicdermy,  fays,  in  his  4Jook  intitkd,  1  >  i  A.hw<['h.:'.:'j^  of  the 
('oloti'ei,—  '\'\vaX  the  right  of  the  Five  Nation  Conlcdcracy  to  the  Hwitit,^ 
LandiofOhio,  TicukjluchrondUe,  :kx\i\.  Siaitiadcri..Jii,  hv  the  rnn()\i(.(^  tht-y 
made  in  fubdiiing  the  S/f'JO/i«flf J,  Dtiatvares,  (as  we  call  tlum)  iviilv.wi 
and  Oilinois,  may  be  fairly  proved,  as  they  Jii:cJ  '_,'_'/(•■  ihcuof,  nt  the 
peace  at  Rtfwitk,  in  1697;  and  confirinator\  hernt,  Mr.  Lewis  Ev.iii', 
a  gentleman  of  great  American  knowietlje,  in  hi»  Map  i>t"  tl^e  M'.ltUe 
Colonies,  publiflicd  in  America,  in  the  year  1755,  I'li"  '^'''  <i>J\\n  tbc 
country  on  x\\c  foulb  etRerly  fide  oS  X\ie  t'wtt Ohio,  as  the  Hunting  l.jr.h 
of  the  Six  Nations,  and  in  the  analyfit  to  that  map,  remarks, —  llic  >r. 
dian\  on  Ohio  confirt  of  the  fcvcral  iiations  round,  under  the  prittiii:>,  ^t 
MjcilioH  of  the  cenfrdtrtUi,  zi  tht  DelavareSf  HU-aanffe,  Ac. 


If 


■*«»<>.*.»*^-tfi>    ■)  ■>!  ^,^ 


/■' 


[    3«    1 


t< 


U' 


apo,   to  dt-maud  a  confide  ration  for  rAir  lands  in  the  p  of 
ffjion  offome  of  the'  Virginians.     That  you  held  them 
under  the  grc.it  King  for  upwards  of  160  years,   and 
that  wc  had  aheady  given  up  our  right:   and  therefore 
you   had  dcfired  tlic  Governor  of  New  York  to  fend 
his  interpreter  to  us  la(l   year    at  OnandagOy   which  he 
did;   and  as  you  fay,   wc  in  council,   At  Onandago^  did 
declare,  that  we  had  no  demand  upon  you  for  lands, 
and  that   if  we   had  any  pretcnfions,   wc  fhould  have 
made  them  known  to  the  Governor  of  Ni'w  York;  and 
likewife    you    delire   to  know,   if  we  have   any  right 
to  the  l^irginia  lands,   and  that  we  will  make  fuch  right 
♦   appear,   and  icll  you   what  Nation  of  Indians  we  con- 
quered  thofe  lands  from.     Now  we  anfwer,  wc  have 
the  right  of  conqueft,  •  a  right  too  dearly  porchafed, 
and  which  coft  us  too  much  blood,  to  give  up  -without 
any  reafn     t  all^   as  you  fay,  we  have  done  at  /I  lb  any : 
but  wc  fliould  be  obliged  to  you,  if  you  would  let  us 
fee  the  letter,  and  inform  us,  who  was  the  interpreter 
and  whofe  names  were  put  to  that   letter;  for  as  the 
whole  of  the  tranfat^lion  cannot  be  above  a  years  land- 
ing, it  muft  be  frefh  in  every  body's  memory,  and  fomc 
of  our  council  would  eafdy  remember  it;  but  we  aflure 
■  yon,  and  are  well  able  to  pi*ove,  tha»  neither  vte^  nor 
any  part  of  us  have  ever  relinquifbed  wr  rights  or  cvfeir 
<*  gave  fuch   an  anfwer,  as  you  fay  is  mentioned  ia  your 
letter.  Could  we.  To  few  yeju^  ago»  make  ^foriml  de- 
mand '  y  James  Logan^  and  not  be  fenfible  of  our  right  f 
^^>\nd  hath  any  thing  happened  fince  that  time  to  make 
wUs  lefs  fenfible?  No:  and  as  this  matter  can  be  eafily 
"cleared  up,  wc  are  anxious  it  fhould  be  done;  for  we 
are  poiitive  no  fuch  thing  was  ever  mentioned  to  us  at 
Onandago,  nor  any  where  elfe.     AU  tbe  world  knows 
we  conquered  the  federal  oaUont  living  oA  SiifiiUi/ffrf"  .j 

J-  ■•♦  itakf 

Sec  Colden's  Hiflory  of  th«  SixUllitiifi^  ■^•^l 


See  Smith**  Hlflory  of  New  York, 


t 


( 


•'t„. 


€    33    J 


-■kV 


«» 


■  ^ 


wrt/>,  Cohong^rknfas^  and  oq  /Af  ^<afi  of  the  great  fhMih- 
tain«  of  yirginia^  &c.  They  feci  the  cfltdla  pf  our 
conqu€(ls»  being  now  a  part  Qf  our  nation,  qnd  tkfir 
lands  at  our  difpofuL  Wc  know  very  well  it  hath  ofteii 
been  faiU  by  the  yirginians,  \\iAX4he grtai  King  of  Eng- 
ianJ,  and  the  people  of  that  colony,  conquered  the  In- 
dians  who  II.vfd  there i  but  it  is  not  truf»  Wc  will 
allow  they  have  conquered  the  Su(.hddgugbriQnoya4  ^^ 
drove  back  the  TufcororthiHt  and  that  they  hajve,  on 
that  accounty  a  right  to  fome  part  of  Vi^gini;^;  bat  as 
to  Mfhat  lUs  beyind  the  motintaintt  we  conq\M9red  the 
nations  redding  there;  and  that  land^  if  th:  Virg}n^ns 
ever  git  a  good  right  to  it,  it  muft  be, by  us,  We/puJft 
now  tell  you  what  JsoKM/tfinx  wemfiau^  tlj^itv^  (vf  iifp 
the  boundtiries  between  you  and  us.  v^ 

They  then  obfiii^dy  that  abouj^  twenty  y^ari  ftf^^' 
at  Albany^  they   made  a  jFepqe  of.w^pu,ai  abofit  the 
middle  of  a  hilU     A  f^er  ,tbey  ttft  A  Ibfi^y*  t^ey .  V^Vg^t 
the  rWmore  tothe»M:(l»  th^t  we  ipi^t  comply  wuh 
yoUr  propofal.**  They  af(!ftyrard«  agr^f^  to  altqc  the 
r9<i</ again,  9fA  condud«d  by  faying  at  h^  fjf^f  Broughf 
it  to  the  fnfilt  9fthtGr€4t  Mountains,  yrhprfi<Jfjvioy^%tj, 
and  it  isimfijfihle/krus  to  removf  it 49%' further  to  the 
\i\ejf;  thofe  pa^.  of  the  country  bemg  abiblxjtely  iAi- 
paflable  bytcither  man  or  hcidi^  8cc*  s^.thgnTa^cif- 
noontia  added,  H  fie  forgui^to  fay^  I^t  .|l|0i^^^ 
the  road  mi^  h^Ji^;^  ysi^  ^^ 
fettled»ii^r4(  Hf/grsM^itfJ^mU/::  (|o  Irili  .tl^y||^  0 
the  occmpAtimfYp^  ^pk  qf  iritginint.tM^^0^^ 
miffionen  €9kpi«CMilt  in  tlim^l|^e€k  iq^  '*-  -^  -j  ^— «i^^ 
^  and  iliat  9kha^  ^  Vkgtnin  |f«OtpKi> 
to  removetflnof«^^^//)ri  jMT^^  ihi^.  tufp^ 
ftay,  that  oiit  wAi^i^iigt  iMfchla^j^^ 

ward,  Jhdili^Ji^  mitiJJ^fM^t!tf^>m^ 
f  The  Vin^  C<ipiii%>aerl^|ii0i^; 


>« 


\^ 


•■#•. 


^1'-. 


■PA^ 


*'»t 


(I  I  ■, 


L    J4    1 

re»vc(l,  \Vc  arc  now  conic  to  .nifwcr  uIku  you  faid  to 
us  ycftcrday,  finlrc  what  wc  f.tiil  to  yoii  b(  foro,  nn  the 
pnrt  of  the  c^nuU  Kini]y  our  Father,  has  not  httn  fatls- 
taftory.  Vou  hivi-  vouc  into  old  tiiucs,  and  fo  muft 
wc.      It    is    t ruci hat  the  r: /•<•.// A'l ;.•(,' AsA/j  I'irgimi^  nv 

HICHT    OF    CONti^lH  S  I-,  ,nid  the  houmls  of   Til  A  I    CON- 

f^ursT  to  the  tve/iii,irJ  IS  thf.    r.uFAT  si. a.      IF  tht 
»Six  Natiotjs  havt  tuadt  any  con<]ticl}  over  Inj'i,ins  that 
may  at  any  time  have  lived  on  tl\e  well  fulc  of  the  great 
motwitains  o(  lirQiniit^  yet  they  uevcr  f^U'fff^^  '^"T  '''""'^ 
thcrcy   tliat  we  have  ever  heard  of.      That  j)art  was  al- 
togtither  de/i'i  teJ^    and  fre-e    for    any   people    to    enter 
upon,   as  the  people  vi I'ir^ini.i  havc\lone  by  order  of 
the  great  King,  very  jultly,  as  well  h   nn  aniunt  rights 
as  by  its  being  reed  from   the  pofejioft  i  of  any  other, 
from  any  claim  even  of  you  our  brrthren,  the  Six 
Nations,   until   within    thefc    eight   years.      The    firfl 
treaty  between  the  great  King,   in  behalf  of  his.  fubjevits 
in  Virginia  and  you,   that  we   can  find,   was  made  at 
Albany  by  Colonel  Henry  Courfcy  fcvcnty  ycai"s  fince: 
this  was  a  treaty  of  frieml/lup.     The  next  treaty  was 
alfo  at  Albany   about  fifty-eight  years  ago,  with  the 
Lord  Howard,  Governor'  oi  I'irginia:  then  you  declare 
jourfcU'cs /uhji'ffs  of  the  gr^at  Kingt  our  Father,  and 
gave  up  all  your  lands  for  his  protetiion.*    Tl»c  Virginia 
Ccwnmiffioners  afterwards  mentioned  another  treaty  at 
Albany,    with    Governor    Spcifwood,    wherein     (they 
'faid)  yoti  have  not  recited  it  as    it   is:   for    the  white 
people,  your  brethren  of  Virginia,  aic  in  no  article  of 
that  treaty  prohibited  topafs  and  fettle  to  the  wcftward 
of  the  >Treat  moun^ins.>  It  is  the  Indians  trikutary  to 
Virginia  that  arc  retrained,  as  you  and  your  tributary 
Indians  are    from    pafling  to  the  eafituard  of  the  fame 
mountaiusy  or  to  the  fouthward  of  Cohongorootom  and 

ytJu 


-SJH  »"• 


f  The  country  at  that  time,  and  for  many  yMus  afldv  Vat  thr  hunting 
Undsofthc 5>x N«;wjii,  Sbawaiteje,  &c^iinilthcyharfinartyto«n$witbintt. 
•  Set  pafc  t%,  a.       ,    ,^  ^ 


»  r  ■ 


r  35  ] 


I 


you  agree  to  this  article  in  thefc  words.  That  the  grcM 
river  ot  Potoii'nuirk,  and  tlic  high  riJtfe  if  mountatns^ 
which  extend  nil  along  ilic  fkon  iiiks  of  Virginia 
/;  the  '.(jf/iwiirJ  of  the  prcfcnt  fcttlepicnis  of  tii;it  Co- 
lony, JliiJl  hf  FOR  tVT.H  the  tjlahhjhed  boundaries  be- 
tween the  Indians Juhje6i  to  the  dominion  of  yirginiuy  and 
the  Imli.ms  belonging  to  and  depending  on  the  firr 
Nations :  fo  that  neither  our  Indians  lliitll  not,  ou  any 
pretence  whatfocvcr,  pafs  to  the  northward  or  wcthvard 
o*^  the  fiiid  boundaries,  without  having  to  produce  a 
pafsport  under  the  hand  and  fcid  of  the  Governor  or 
Comnianc^.er  in  Chief  of  A'lr^ihif/i  nor  your  Indians  to 
p.ifs  to  'nc  fouthward  or  eaftward  ot  the  laid  bounda- 
ries, V.  iihout  a  paiTport  in  like  manner  from  the  Go- 
vernor or  Commander  iu  Chief  of  Nevj  Tork. And 

what  right  can  you  have  to  lands  that  you  have  no  right 
to  walk  upon,  but  upon  certain  conditions?  It  b  true 
vou  have  not  obfcrved  that  part  of  the  treaty,  and  your 
brethren  of  Virginia  have  not  inlitUd  upon  it  whh  a 
due  ftriftnefs,  which  has  occafioncd  (oxnc  mifchief. 
This  treaty  has  been  fent  to  the  Governor  of  Virginia, 
by  order  of  the  great  King,  and  is  what  we  muft  rely 
on,  and  being  in  writing,  19  more  certain  than  your 
memory.  That  is  the  way  the  white  people  have  of 
prefervingtran factions  of  every  kind,  and  tranftnitting 
them  down  io  their  children *f  children  for  ever;  and 
all  di/putes  among  them  are  fettled  by  this  faithful  kind 
of  iridence,  andmu^  be  the  rute  between  the  great  King 
aid  you.  This  treatys  your  Sachems  and  Warriors  figiv> 
ed  fome  years  «after  the  ftmc  Govemdr  Spetf-woodf  (in 
right  of  the  great  King)  hftd  been  with  fome  |ieople, 
of  Virginia^  inpoflcflion  of  thofc  vei^  laadsi  which  you 
have  fet  up  your  late  clidm'  to.  The  Commiffionen  for 
Indian  affairs  at  Albany  gave  the  account  we  mentioned 
to  you  ycfterday,  to  the  Governor  of  New*Tork,  aiui 

he 


t 

i 

^ 

r 


1 


•M>L 


■^ 


'    t. 


•i*^- 


'•t 


,  I 


lAt 


h' 


hi' ; 

mi 


llv 


1-; 


i 


I  It 

■, 


I    i6    ] 


'-    (< 


he  fent  it  to  the  Governor  of  Virginiai—— their  names 

wMl  be  given  ya<i  by  the  intcrprctei . 
•     **    iirethnn^ 

♦*  Till.  Dispute  it  not  of.  i  ween  Virginia 
AND  YOUi  it  ij  Petting  your^righi  Ag.iinfl  the  great 
King,  untler  whole  gmnti  the  people  you  complain 
of,  are  fettled.  Nothing  bur  a  command  ixom  the 
gre.it  King  c.in  remove  them*,— they  arc  too  power- 
ful to  be  removed  by  any  force  of  you,  our  breth- 
ren i  and  the  ^reat  A'lwj^,  as  our  common  Father, 
will  do  rqual  juftice  to  alt  his  children:  wherefore, 
-re  do  belu've  they  will  be  confirmed  in   their    pof- 


C( 

<( 
f« 
<i 
<1 
<c 
it 
(( 


fefiions 


r. 


'     r. 


I.       ■. 


.  i 


1     •.■■■■• 


>  'I 


'' » 


>.  «b' 


.V 


Here  it  may  be  fit  to  rur})cnd  our  narrative  for  a  mo- 
ment, while  wcjuft  Like  notice,  that  the  great  CongrtTs 
held  at  Albany,  in  i  754,  by  order  of  the  King,  and 
f  'the  royal  proclamation  of  O^obcr  the  ^ih,    176;^,  cf- 
'  fe^ally   dcfiroycd  this  bjlicj  of  Virginia,   as  will  be 
fccn  in  the  fuccceding  pages.    .?    ,•.-  >t   t    f  #• 

j   •  The  Commidloners  added,   *'  We  may  proceed   to 
/  **  fettle,  what  we  arc  to  give  you  /or  any  right  you  may 
"  havCi  or  have  had^  to  all  the  lands  to  the  ^uMwari/ 
•   **  and  wejiward  of  Maryland  and  Pennjyhania,  though 
^*  we  are  informed  that  the  Southern  Indians  claim 
••  thefc  very  lands  that  you  do."    .   rw* 

On  the  30th    of  June,  the  Six  Nationa  fpoke  as 

!.., .        "   Brother  of  riV^infi,  '  .  ^: 

\  *^  The  world  at  jirji  was  made  on  the  other  fide  of 

j  *'  the  Great  Water,  different  from  what  his  ontHisnde, 

« '*  as  nlay  be  known  from  the  different  colours  of  our 

^  ^  (kin  aiid  our  flefli,  and  that  vthich  you  calljujiice,  may 

***  not  kefp  among  us.  You  have  laws  and  cu^»ms,  and 

"  fo  hayc  we.     The  great  King  might  fend  you  otcr 

f'  to  conquer  the  Indians,  but  it  looks  to  us  that  God 

i  '    ««  did 


icir  names 


f^  I  k  G  !  N  I  A 

I  the  ^rqai 
conipliiiii 
f  t'roni  the 
DO  povrcr- 
)ur  brctli- 
yn  Fathir, 
ivhcicfort'i 
ihcir    pol- 

;  for  a  ino- 

t  Congr(.n« 

King,  and 

176;^,   cf- 

ns  will  be 

rocccd   to 

\ht  you  may 
uthward 
\a,  though 
nt  claim 

fpoke  as 

sir  fide  of 

|tHi»  fide, 

of  ovir 

tice,  may 

tms,  and 

^ou  otcr 

God 

««  did 


<( 


<( 


•A 


[  37  1 

<♦  did  not  approve  of  if,  if  he  hud,  he  wotild  not  have 
•'  placed  the  fca  >^'hcrc  it  is,  «j'  thr  limits  betiveen  us 
•*  <i/i</jf«M.— Thoiijjh  great  Things  aic  well  remcinbcivd 
**  among  us,  yet  wc  Jo  not  romcmher  that  \ue  werv  ever 
♦'  conquered  by  the  gnat  A'lwj^,  or  that  >vc  have  been 
•*  cnjploycd  by  the  great  King  to  tonqutT  other*.  We 
*'  do  rcuicinlKi  wc  were  cmploycil  by  Maryland  to 
"  coiu]ucr  tlie  ConcAogucs  ;  and  that  the  fccond  time 
♦•  wc  were  at  war  with  them,  wc  carried  them  all  ofl*. 
*'  Wc  will  now  fpcak  to  the  foint  between  us.  You 
fay  you  will  agree  with  us  as  to  the  road ;  wc  dcfire 
that  may  be  the  road  which  was  lail  made,  (the 
waggon  road.)  N.  B.  This  was  up  to  the  foot  of 
the  great  mountain,  -as  the  Six  Nations  obfcrvcd, 
where  it  now  is,  and  it  is  impolUble  for  us  to  re- 
move it  farther  to  the  •weft» 

On  the  2d  ef  JiUy,  the  Cominifllond||Mtntioncd, 
chat  *'  As  we  have  already  faid  enongh'^wP>u  on  the 
fuhjen  of  the  title  to  the  lands,  you  claim  from  Virginia,     *,   ,    ,  "* 
we  have  no  occasion  to  fay  any  th'ng  n»iM*c  to  you  on     ! 
that  head,  but  come  <llrc^1y  to  the  poinu"     Wherc^'    I 
fore,     they     told     rbc   Six    NatioAs,     that  with   the 
goods  they  had  there,  which  coft  £  200,  Pennfylvania 
money,  aqd  /  <aoo  in  gold,  **  We  vjill  give  you^  our 
**  brethren  0/ the  Six  Nations,  wpow  Condition  thai 
**  you  immediately  make  4  d^d  kecognizinC  th^ 
"  King's  right  to  all  the  lands  that  infe,  orjbatl 

**    be,    BT  HIS  MAJEftTr's  APPOINTMENT,    IN   T«E 

"  COLONY  ofe  Virginia/'  ^ 

Canaffatego  (the  chief  fpeaker  of  the  Indians)  deiired 
the  Commiiioiiers  would  represent  tlieir  cafe  to.  the 
f^ing,  iaofderto  bive  a  fifthvf  coniiderattoh)  wlieji 
the  fettlemcnta«  ificreafcd  MittrA /x/r/i^r  back.     ThfiO    "^^S 
the  SixNationVctectited  »^  deed  to  the  Kirtg>-— i«and       ^ 
Canaflatcgp  deliVered  it  "  fir  the  lufe  of  his  Feither  the  j 

/  ■  gr^at  '   '    - 


k 


^ 


\ 


I 


■■  'I 


-  \ 


If- 


[    3S    ] 

grMt  AV;ii»/   and  Kopfd  he  would  confidcr  thcm."--:^ 

This  is  A  britf,  but  faithful  dctailof  the  inoft  material 
parts  of  the  tranfa£lions,  relative  to  the  much  relied 
upon  Lnncafler  dctd;  ard  it  will  appear  by  fubfe  • 
qucnt  conferences  with  the  Six  Nations,  that  they  were 
either  deceived  by  the  commiflloncrs,  or  the  Interpreter 
who  explained  thc'r  fpecchcs  to  them,  and  that  they 
never  intended  to  fell  any  lands  wejiward  of  the  Allc- 
(rany  mojtutaint  but  only   fuch  lands   "  as  iverc  in  the 

'*   occupaitcn    of  fome    people    of  rirginiii,*^ Seethe 

ommilfioners  Ipcech  of  thrj  27th  of  June. 
In  April  1752.  the  Governor  cf  Virginia,  Appoint- 
ed Joihua  tryy  Lunsford  LomaXy  and  James  Pvdtont 
Lfqrs.  Commiflloners  in  behalf  ot  that  colony,  to  go 
to  the  OhiOf  and  gave  them  inlhu(ftions  to  obtain,  if 
poflible,  a  confrmaiiony  fioui  the  Indians  fettled  there, 
of  the  Lda^iaier  deed,  aud  thercm  obfcrvcd,  *'  That 
**  as  fomffpi^// Save  arifcn  about  the  treaty  of  Lan- 
caOcr,  Vind  f urn, tfes  have  been  fpread,  as  if  the  Six 
Nations  thought  rhcmfelvcs  impofed  upon  by  it ;  to 
**  have  the  treaty  explained,  and  his  Majefiys  title  to  all 
*'  the  lands  exprdTed,  and  intended  tc  be  ackuow- 
"  ledged  by  the  faid  treaty  fully  explained." 

A  treaty,  in  purfuancc  of  the  above  tnflruftions, 
was  held  at  Logg*s  toivn  on  tlie  Ohio,  between  tbefe 
Conimillioncrs  and  the  Half  King,  and  fome  ofaer  In- 
dians of  the  Six  Nations* 

On  theythof  June,  thtCommiJioners  had  a  PftiVATB 
Conference  with  the  Half  King  and  the  other  Chiefs, 
when  they  produced  the  Lancajier  deed  and  other  pa- 
pers. The  Indian?  thanked  them  fbr.kttiog  tht.  1 
know  what  the  OmnJago  Council  had  done,  and  bUuied 
(the  Commifnoner}  for  keeping  the  deed  >Wv4i^/^  A:c. 
and  faid,  the  Omtttdaga  Coui^eilnevtr  igid^keHt, tkafjhy 

bad 


«< 


44 


;i..r 


Iftoif  priRted  bj  B.  Fnwkliii^  1^44. 


•^;- 


. 


I 


39     ] 


t  material 
ich  relied 
)y  fubfc  ' 
they  were 
iterprctcr 
that  they 
■  the  /Ulc- 
ere in  the 
—  Sec  the 

,  ippoint- 

CS   PvittOfl, 

iiy,   to  go 

obtain,   it 

tied  there, 

,   «'  That 

ty  of  L;in- 

if the  Six 

by  it  i  to 

title  to  all 

ackuow* 

idions, 
[een  thefe 
otA^T  In- 

•aiVATE 

fcr  Chiefs, 
lother  pa- 
log  tht.  1 
Id  bUuied 
lV4i^^f  9cc, 

1^^  had 


Lid  /old  further i  than  the  JVarriors  Road^at  the  f cot  of 
the  /^lligany  »*citntduif  and  that  they  would  confirm 
"xhatever  they  had  done. 

June  the  loih,   the  CommlflionciS  and  Iiidians  met 
again,    v/hen  the  former  Ipukc  as  follows: 
Brethren^ 

/IT  a 'treaty  at  Lancajhr^  in  ihe  year  174^1  be- 
tween the  governments  of  Virg'nia,  Maryland  and 
Pcnnfyivanla,  you  made  a  deed  recognizing  the  King^t 
right  to  all  the  lands  in  Virginia,  as  far  as  it  was  then 
fecpled  or  bounded  h-  the  King  our  Fat  her f  for  which 
you  received  the  coniidcration  agreed  on  ^— at  the  fame 
time  Canaffatego  deiired  ii!»e  Commiflioncrs  woulU  re- 
commend you  to  the  King'i  further  favour,   when  the 

fettUments  (hould  increafe  much  further  back: this 

the  Commiffioners  promlfcd,  and  confirmed  it  by  a 
writing  under  their  hands  and  fcals  ;  in  confequence  of 
which  a  prcfent  was  fent  you  from  the  King,  by  Mr. 
Conrad  Wcifer,  which  he  fincc  informed  us  that  he 
deHvered  you,  at  a  council  held  here  in  th;^  year  1748. 
r»ow  the  King  yoar  Father,  to  Ihew  the  love  he  bears 
:o  jufltcty  as  well  af  liit.  affe^on  to  you  his  children, 
has  fent  a  large  prcfent  of  goods  to  be  divided  among 
you  and  yoiu.  allies,  which  is  l^re  ready  to  be  delivered, 
to  you,  and  wc  dedre  you  may  confirm  the   treaty  at 

Lancafier.        a  '^''>-t^-'l%.     •.■'    ;t.    /;;.    '       ,.?*■• 

Brethren,  '"^-..^j    -..,,  .*■'..,. -._.     -■    -.v.--' 

It  is  Uiedefign  of  the  King  your  Father,  at  prcfent, 
to  make  a  fcttlement  of  Briciih  fubje^  on  the  fouth  caii 
fide  of  Ohio,  that  we  may  be  united  as  one  people,  by 
the  (Irongeft  tict  of  neighbourhood,  as  well  a«  fiieud- 
Ibipi  and  by  t^fe  menns  prevent  the  infults  of  our 
enemies.  From  fuch  9^  fettlcment  gi^eater  advantage^ 
will  uihxu  yt/Mrtluuv  you  CMi »:  prelcnt  conceive ;  our 
pe0|»k  will  be  ^|))c  to  fvpply  yoa  with  goods  much 

'    ,  ,         '  ^ '  cheaper 


a; 


.r. 


ffr 


■  4 


(I ' 


m 


i . 


Si    " 


•  v'^- 


[40] 

cheaper  tlian  cm  at  this  time  be  afforded,  will  be  a 
ready  help  in  cafe  you  fliould  be  attadcedi  and  fonit 
good  nun  among  them  will  be  appointed  with  authority 
♦o  punilh  and  retrain  the  many  injuries  and  abufcs  too 
frequently  committed  here  by  diforderly  white  people. 
Brethren, 
We  allure   you.,  iiiat    THh  Kiug  cur  Fat  her ,   bt 

PURCHASING 'your    L4NDS,     HAD    NLVER    ANT     IN- 
TENTIONS  Ol    TAKING    THI-M    FROM    YOU,    bu(  thai 

we  might  live  together  as  one  people,  and  klep 
THLM  FROM  THK  Frknch,  who  would  be  bad  neigh- 
bours :  He  is  fiot  like  the  French  King  who  calls  him- 
fclfyoiu' Father,  r.nd  endeavoured  about  three  years  ago 
with  an  armed  force,  to  take  pofTeilionof  your  country, 
by  fctting  up  infcriptions  on  trees,  and  at  the  moutb 
of  the  creeks  on  this  river,  by  which  he  claims  thcfe 
lands;  though  at  their  coming,  and  for  many  years 
before,  a  number  of  your  brothers,  the  EngliOi,  were 
refiding  in  this  town,  and  fcveral  other  places  on  this 
river.  You  remember  how  he  (the  French  King)  fcat- 
tercd  &c  Shd-wanrJ/'Ci  fo  that  they  were  difpcrfcd  all  over 
the  face  of  the  earth,  and  he  now  threatens  to  cut  oft' 
the  Twigtwfes ;  this  is  to  weaken  you  ;  that  he  njty  cut 
you  off  alfo,  which  he  diurft  not  attempt  while  you  arc- 
united.  On  the  contrary,  the  King  your  Father  will 
lay  his  hajid  upon  your  heads,  under  which  preteclion 
you  will  always  remain  fafc. 

.  June  the  iith  the  Commiffioncrs  and  Indians  met 
again,  when  the  Half  King  of  the  Six  Nationi  fpokc 
as  follows; 

Brother,  the  Governor  of  Virginia, 

You  acquainted  us  ycl^erday  with  the  Kin^*s  right  to 

dll  the  lands  in  Virginidj  as  far  as  it  is  fettUd,  and  bad 

from  thence  to  the  fun  fettingy  whenever  he  fbaU  think  ft 

to  extend  ii\%  fettl^menis.     You  produced  alfo  a  copy 


'.%.) 


r 


■.•^ 


1,  vill  be  a 
[,  and  fonit 
rh  authority 
d  abufcs  tou 
hite  people. 

Father y  bt 
;r  ant  in- 
)U,  but  that 

AND     KUEP 

c  bad  ncigh- 
\o  calls  him- 
•cc  years  ago 
our  counirvi 
t  the  mouib     'i 
claims  thcle  j| 
many  years 
ingUlh,  were 
llaces  on  this 
King)  fcat- 
crfedallovci 
ns  to  cut  oft' 
he  luiy  cut 
^ile  you  arc 
Father  will 
h  proteclion 

Indians  met 
uions  fpokc 


( 


I 


4? 


r  4>  1 

of  fyis  deed  from  the  Onondaga  council,  at  the  treaty  at 
Laucaftcr,  and  dclircd  that  your  brethren  of  Ohio  might 
likcwifc  ionjirm  the  deed.      Brother ,   the   GoDcrncr   of 
Vir7'tnxdy  ivc  arc  luell  acquainted  \\^\\  our  chief  council, 
at  the  treaty  of  Lancafter,  confirmed  a  deed  to  you  for 

A     Q^UASm  Y     OF     LAND     IN    VIRGINIA,    which   yOU 

have  a  right  to,  and  likcwifc  our  brother  Onas  has  a 
right  to  a  parcel  of  land  in  Pcnnfylvania:  We  are  glad 
you  have  acquainted  us  ivith  the  right  to  thcje  lands y 
and  afTurc  you  we  are  willing  to  confirm  any  thing  our 
council  has  done  in  regard  to  the  lands  j  uUT  WE 
NEVER  UNDERSTOOD,  BEFORE  you  told  US  yejicrday^ 
that  the  lands  then  fold^  were  io  extend  further  to  the 
^'>n  fettingy  than  the  hill  on  the  other  fide  the  Jllegany 
hilly  fo  that  we  cannot  give  you  a  fart  her  anfwer,** 
**  Brother, 

You  acquainted  us  yefterday  that  the  French  wecc 
a  dcfigning  people,  which  we  now  fee,  and  know  that 
they  dcfign  to  cheat  us  out  of  our  lands :  you  told  us 
that  the  A'ing  of  England  dcfigned  to  fettle  fonie  lands 
on  the  fcuth  eajl  fide  of  Ohio,  that  it  might  be  better 
in  our  brethren's  power  to  help  us,  if  wc  were  in  need, 
than  it  Is  at  prefcnt,  at  the  great  diflance  they  live  from 
us.  '^''  are  fure  the  French  detign  nothing  elfe  but 
mif  iic^,  ror  they  have  ftruck  our  friends  the  Twig' 
twie.  -f  therefore  define  our  brothers  of  Virginia' 
may  buiiu  ,i  Jlrong  htufe  at  the  fork  of  MonbngchefilBlt  to 
keep  fuch  goods,  powder,  lead  and  necefTaries,  as  (hall 
be  wanting,  and  as  foon  as  you  pleafe;  and  as  we  have 
given  our  coufins,  the  DtlawareSy  i  King  who  livi 
thercy  wc  dciire  you  will  look  on  him  as  a  Chief  o^ 
that  nation.       "*       Gave  a  large  firing  of  wampum.** 

*'  June  the  1 2th.  This  day  the  Indians  gave  the  Cdm* 
mil;  5  jcri  an  aniwcr,  concertiing  the  land  which  the 
Ohio  company  wanted  to  fettli.     They  defired  them  t9 

F  yuitd 


I  .■* 


>■ 


■,.*:>-■. 


i^v 


PW^ 


i 

I 

I 


I, 
i 


K-'l 


id: 


m^ 


WH 


n 


t[i 


' 


r 


^ 


1 


> 


« 


I    4^     ] 

build  a^ftrong  hoiijc  or  fort  very  fszn.  As  the  Comtnif- 
fioncrs  had  alkcJ  for  the  hinds  at  Moiiongehcia,  they 
imagined  the  Indians  had  given  up  thofe  upon  that 
river,  but  they  (the  Indians)  only  meant  Ground 
sutnciLNT  roK  THr.  Fori'  to  iland  upon,  as -p- 
peared  by  a  private  converfation  with  the  Half  King, 
who  faid  that  was  all  that  -was  intenrifd,  (though  he 
ahvays  fpoke  the  fentiments  of  others,  and  not  his  own) 
as  he  knew  a  proper  fettlcment  could  uot  be  made 
witJiout  a  huge  quantity  of  land." 

June  13.  The  Half  King  fpeakiug  to  the  Commif- 
-  iioners,   (    O'vcd, 
'  "  Brc. 

We  have  he<»id  what  you  faid  in  regard  to  the  King's 
•defign  of  making  a  Tettiement  of  his  people  on  the  wa- 
ters of  the  river  Ohio  j  you  likewife  told  us  you  had  a 
deed  for  thofe  lands,  figned  by  our  council  at  the  treaty 
of  Lancajier.  We  aflure  you  of  our  willingnefs  to  a- 
gree  to  what  our  Council  does,  or  has  done; 
hut  vie  have  not  the  full  power  here  in  our  hands,  on 
Ohio:  We  muft  acquaint  our  Council  at  Onond^go,  of 
the  affair,  and  whatever  they  bid  us  do,  Wc 
WILL  DO.— >Io  regard  to  your  requeft  to  build  dftrong 
houfe  at  the  Monongehela,  you  told  us  it  would  require 
a  fcttiemeot  to  fupport  it  whh  provifions  jitid  neceFa- 
ries^  and  it  is  true}  hut  -we  -mill  take  care  that  there 
/ball  he  ho  fear  city  of  that  kind,  UNTiL  we  can  give 
you  A  FULL  ANSWER;  although  in  all  our  wars  we. 
do  Hot  coniider  provifious,  for  we  live  on  one  another, 
but  we  know  it  is  different  with  our  brethren  the Englijb, 
Nocwithftanding  thefe  honeft  explanations,  "  the 
Commiffioners  had  an  fnjirument  drawn  for  confirming 
the  deed  made  at  Lancafter,  and  containing  apromife 
"  that  the  Indians  wouU  not  molej  our  fettkments  on 
"  thffouth  eajfide,  Ohio.     (They)  dt^cd  Mr.  Afon- 


I 


Hommif- 
:Ia,  they 
pon  that 
Iround 
1,  as  "p- 
ilf  King, 
lOugh  he 
his  own) 
be  made 

Commil- 


hc  King's 
a  the  wa- 
fou  had  a 
the  treaty 
aefs  to  a- 
s  done; 
)andSf  on 
idsge,  of 
DO,  We 
dftrong 
require 
ncccFa- 
\hat  there 

N   GIVE 

wars  wc^ 
another, 

Englijh. 

,  ««  the 
\nfirming 

\promife 

tents  on 

•«"f«iir 


.. ; 


[    43    1 


(( 


(C 


<< 


(< 


I( 


Ci 


(I 


ti 


/ 


tour  to   convcrfe  ivith  his  brethren  the  other  Sachems 
IN  PRIVATE  ON  THE   SUBJECT,    to  Urge  the  neccf- 
fity  of  fuch  a  fettlemeHt^   and  the  great  advantage  it 
would  be  to  them,  as  to  their  trade  or  their  fccurity:     , 
On  -u//'iJ}   they   nt'ued  for  feme  timet  ^"d   then  re- 
tmiK'd:  and  Air.  Montour /z/W   they    were    sa- 
risriED   IN  the  matter,  and  were  willing  to 
fgn  and  fcal  the  writing,  which  was  done  and  wil- 
nefled  by  the  gentlemen  then  prefent." 
The  reader  will  be  pleafcd  to  make  his  own  obfcrva- 
tions  upon  this  very  extraordinary  tranfa^on:-*— We 
Ihall  forbear  to  anticipate  them,  by  any  remarks  of  purs*^ 

INDIAN     DEED.  ^^ 

((   TXT  HERE  AS  at  a  treaty  of  Lam  after,  in  the  | 
*  ^      county  of  Lancafter,  and  province  of  Penn-    ] 
**  fylvaniay  held   between  the  government  of  Virginia    , 
<*  and  the  Six  United  Nations  of  Indians,  in  the  year  of 
our   Lord  1744*  the  Honorable  Thomas   Lee    and 
William  Beverly,  Efqrs.  being  Coram iifioners,  a  deed 
recognizing  and  acknoivledging  the  right  and  title  of 
his  Majefiy,  our  Sovereign  Lord  the  King   of  Great 
Britain,  to  all  the  lands  ivithin  the  colony%  as  it  was    j 
then  or  hereafter  might  he  peopled,  and  bounded  h  kii 
faid  Majefly,  our  Sovereign  Lord  the  King,  his  heirs 
andfuccejjors,  tuas  fgned,  fealed  and  delivered  hy  the    I 
Sachems  and  Chiefs  of  the  Six  United  Nations^  then 
prd^t,  as  may  move  fully  appear  by  the  laid  deed^  i 
reference  thereto  being  had  :^i?  Conogariera,  C&tr  ' 
feaga,  Conqn/agret,  Eaghuifara,  Togrondoara^  Th^^  J 
nariffa.  Sachems  and  Chiefs  of  the  faid  Six  NMU$s^ 
now  met  in  Council  ait  Lagf^s  Tecum,  do  hereby  figmfjf 
our  confemt  to,,  and  cMifirma^ion  if  the  faid  deed^.'kt 
M  full  and  Ample  a  manner,  a^  if  the  fame  wai.  here 
recited.     And  whereas  his  faid  Majeft^t  Kiqig  of 
Great  Britaint  has  at  prciSMit  a  d(iiign'of  making  a 

**^  fctdemc; 


ti 


tt 


(( 


<( 


<c 


ii 


(i 


C( 


f( 


C( 


u 


it 


(C 


(( 


i( 


cC 


« 


•  <; 


!.■'  t 


h 


I 


;     » 


<< 
<( 
«( 
<C 
<( 
<< 


!i^ 


l!li! 


Wmehest 


v." 


f-^ 


[    44    ] 

/    "  fettloment  or  fctllcmcnis  of  Britijh  fubjefls  on  the 

**   fouthcrn  or   tMlU'rn   parts  of  the  river  Ohioy  c.illecj 

othcrwile  Jllt'i^any.      WE  in  Council    ( Jojbua  t'r\'t 

Lvv.^f'}r(^   l.omax    and    James  Patton^  Efqrs.   being 

**   Commiflioncrs  on  behalf  of  his  Majefty,)  ilo  give  our 

con/tut  thereto :    and  do  fart  her  promt  fe^   that  the  /aid 

fettlement  or fett lenient s  (ball  be  unmolejled  by  us,  and 

that  we  luilf,   as  far  as  in  our  power,   ajfijl  and  pro- 

teSi  the  \^v\\.\(\\  fubje^s  there  inhabiting.      In  wilnefs 

whereof  we  have  hereunto  fct  our  hands  and  fcals, 

this  13th  day  of  June,   in  the    year    of   our  Lord 

God   1752." 

About  the  month  of  September,  175^^*  a  treaty  was 
held  by  IVilliam  Fairfax,  Efq;   one  of  the  Council  of 
Virginia,  by  order  of  Governor  Dunwiddte,  at  IVinchef- 
ter  in    that  ftate,   with   Chiefs  of  the   Six  United  Na- 
tions, and  feveral  of  the  diff«       it  tribes  of  Indians  re- 
ading   on  or   near  the  Ohio.      This    remarkable  treaty 
is  in  the  Brttifb  Planiation  Office,   IVhitehall.     On  the 
back  of  the  journal  of  this  treaty,  is  inferred  a  memo- 
randum   iigned     by    Mr.   Commiffioner    Fairfax^  to 
|his   effetfl :    That     he  did    not  dare   to  mention    the 
ajfair  of  the  lands  over   the  Great    Mountain,  or  the 
Laneafier  deed,  as  the  Indians  were  in  a  very  bad  hu- 
mour on  account  of  that  tranfaHion,  The  journal  of  this 
treaty,  it  is  fuppofcd,  is  in  the  proper  office  of  Virginia, 
|n  September  and  O^ober,  1753*  a  treaty  was  held 
at   Carlifle   in  Pennfylvania,  by  Richard  Peterti  Jfaac 
Harris  and  Benjamin'  franklin,  Efqrs.  Commiffioners 
appointed  by  Mr*  Hamilton,  Lieutenant  Governor  of 
Pennfylvania,  with  fome  cf  the  moft  confidcrablc  of 
Tf  ~  ihcSix  Nation,  Delaware  znd  Shawneje  Indians, 
-  '    At  this  treaty,  on  the  34  pf  Oilobcr,  Scarraday,  • 
|he  Half  King,  fpoke  thus:  Brother 

•  The  ikme  ba(ffCingt  who  told  th*  Virgin*  Commiflionen  «t  Lotf*s 
inoM,  that  aU  the /romti  the  /m4««j  meant  to  frafit  on  Obit,  vmfi^S^^ 
J^fbe^$rttojtsH4Bfit.    Page  ^|,  •    / 

J 


\ 


'4 


f    45    ] 


£\s  on  the 
hio,  called 
fojbua  t'rvt 
qrs.  being 
ilo  i^ive  our 
hat  the  /aid 
'  hy  uSy  and 
yi  and  pro- 

In  wiincfs 
s  and  feals, 

our  Lord 

I  treaty  was 

Council  of 

at  IVinchef- 

United  Na- 

Indians  rc- 

kabL'  treaty 

7.     On  the 

Id  a  mcmo- 

'airfaXf  to 

ntion    the 

in,  or  the 

J  bad  hu- 

nal  of  this 

|f  Virginia, 

was  held 

\erit  ^^<^ 
miffioners    |1 

ivernor  of 

ierable  of 

}rraday%  * 
brother 


at  L«j 


Brother  Onaif 

I  defire  you  will  hear  and  take  notice  of  what  I  am 
going  to  fay  to  you.  The  Governor  of  Virginia  deftrcd 
L'iive  to  build  ajirong  houfe  on  the  Ohio,  which  came  to 
the  cars  of  the  Governor  cf  Canada ;  this  caujed  him  /» 
invade  our  country.  We  defire  that  'Pennfylvania  and 
Virginia  would  forbear  fettling  our  lands  over  the  Alle- 
gany hills.  We  advife  you  rather  to  call  your  people 
bacjc  on  this  fide  (the  eallern  fide)  of  the  hills,  Icall 
damage  fhould  be  done,"  &c. 

In  November,  I753»  Major  (now  General)  fVafi- 
ingtoUf  a  Commiflioncr  from  Virginia,  fummoned  an 
Indian  Council  at  Logg's  Town  on  the  Ohiot  confifting 
of  the  Half  King  and  a  number  of  Warriors  of  the  Six 
NiiiionSt  Deldivares  and  Shawnejfe ;  and  fpoke  to  them 
as  follows: 

**  The  French  have  driven  you  out  of  your  couutry^ 
and  declared  you  had  nothing  on  the  Ohio,  The  Eng- 
lifj,  who  are  your  brothers,  have  too  much  juflice  to 
think  the  Six  A'titions,  their  faithful  allies,  fhould 
ever  b '  treated  In  this  manner.  After  you  had  been 
with  the  Governors  of  Virginia  and  Pennfylvania,  they 
have,  at  your  repeated  rcquc^,fent  an  army  to  fupport 
your  rights^   To  PUT   vou  in  possession  of  your 

LANI>S,     DISPOSSESS     THE    FrENCH,    AND    SECURE 

you  ALL  THIS  Country.**  :  ^ 

The  ^ijc  Nations  being  very  uneafy  on  account  of 
fettlementSy  which  the  Virginians  vitrc  making  iveft' 
•ward  of  the  Allegany  Mountain,  and  of  thii  deed  got 
from  them  at  Lcncafien  ferious  complaints. were  made 
to  t1rc  Britifb  Minifters,  and  on  the  i8th  of  8q;)teinber» 
1 75 3, the  following  royal  injiru^ion  was  feDtloSir 
D*  An  vers  Oflwrne,  Governor  of  New  York: 

*'  That  nothing  may  be  wanting  to  convince  tho  Inr, 
dians  of  the  6ncerity  of  our  intentions^  you  wW  do 


(I 


.*• 


#: 


■  i>^, 


/      „ 


•♦' 


..I 


■*   t 


Hi 


;  <{ 


r 


!fi 


*!:^^ 


I  46  ] 

"  wfl/  t9  exAmir.e  into  the  complaints  they  have  madi; 
*»  cf^rinft  defrauded  of  their  lands  -,  to  take  all  proper  and 
"'^  !ejf<xl  methods  /3  rcdrefs  their  complaints^  and  to  gra^ 
•  tify  thrm  by  reafonahle  purch.ijes^  or  in  fuch  othir 
*•  m.ifti'rs  as  youfhalljind  pio/i  proper  and  agreeable  to 
**  themy  for  fuch  lands  as  have  been  un-warrantahh'  taken 
**  from  themt  and  for  fuch  nthery  as  they  may  have  a  de- 
**  fire  to  difprfc  of.  As  wc  find  it  has  been  ufual  on 
**  former  otcafions,  when  an  iiucrvicwr  has  been  held 
,  **  with  the  Indians y  {or  the  oihcr  neighbouring  govern- 
**  ments  in  alliance  with  thcm^  to  feud  Commiffoners  to 
**  be  joined  with  thofe  of  New  Tork^  and  as  the  prcfcnt 
•*  wavering  difpofition  of  the  Indians  equally  affefts 
**  the  other  provinces^  we  have  -wrote  to  the  Governors  of 
•'  Virginia,  Pennfylvania,  Maryland,  New  Harapfhire, 
**  Maflachufet's  and  New  Jcrfcy,  dcfiring  them  to  rc- 
•*  prefent  to  their  refpeFlive  JffemhlieSt  the  utility  and 
**  ncccfllty  of  this  meafure,  and  to  urge  them  to  make 
**  a  proper  provifion  for  it;  and  therefore  it  will  be 
^'  netcffary,  when  yon  have  fettled  the  time  and  place 
*'  of  meeting,  you  Hiould  give  them  early  notice  of  it  ^ 
*'  and  this  leads  us  to  recommend  one  thing  more  to 
*<  your  attention,  and  that  is  to  take  care  theit  all  the 
«*  provinces  be  (if  {fra^icable)  comprized  in  one  general 
**  irceUy  to  be  made  in  his  Majejly*s  names  it  appearing 
<(  to  us  that  the  praclice  of  a  province  making  ^ifepa" 
<*  rate  treaty  for  itfelfy  in  its  own  name>  19  very  im- 
**  proper)  and  may  be  attended  with  great  incQnveni-* 
"  encjes  to  his  Majefty's  fcrvice. 

«*  WkM  J.  GRANVILLE, 

*'  Sept.  18,   1753.  nUPPUN.'' 

«*  To  Sir  Danvers  OJhernef  v 

**  Governor  of  JV^V' ^*''^«** 
In  conOoipdtce  of  this  inftrudlloQ,  a  comfnifflon  was 

I  ,  "  jIP    '    ■'       '  ■  ""  ' ^— Ijfr 


ave  made-, 
proffer  and 
nd  to  gra- 
fuch  other 
\re cable  to 
'jA/v  taken 
>iXVc  a  dc' 
i  ufual  on 
been  held 
o  gov  em - 
iJfiQuers  to 
he  prefent 
illy  affcds 
vcrnors  of 
ampfhirc, 
icm  to  rc- 
itility  and 
n  to  make 
t  will  be 
nd  place 
Iticeofit} 
more  to 
1/  all  the 
\e  general 
Ippearing 
^fepa- 
fcry  im- 
lonvenH 

JFAX, 


ion  was 


I 


.       [    47'  1 

opened  at  JIhany,  with  the  Six  United  Nations  of  ///-  A\hiny. 
iluins^  on  rhe  lylh  day  of  June,  1754*  by  the  Honor-      17x4. 
able  James  Delancey^   (Sir  Danvers  Ojhorne  being  then 
dead;  Lieutenant  Governor  of  the  province    of  IVeiu 
Torkt  and  the   following   Crown  Commiilioners  from 
their  fcviiral  provinces, 

Hon.  Jofeph  Murray,' 
Will.  Johnfon, 
John  Chambers, 
William  Smith, 
Theod.  Atkinfon, 
Kichard  WMi^ 
Maiktl  Wcare, 
Henry  Sherburne, 
Samuel  Willis, 
John  Chandler, 
Olivcf  Pau'idge, 
^  '  JohnWorthington, 
,, ,  William  Pitkins, 
Roger  Woplcot, 
Eliflia  Wilbamt, 
Stephen  HopkiAs, 
Martin  Howard, 
Benjamin  Ta£ber, 
Bcsjamin  Barnef» 
John  Penn, 
Ifaac  Norris, 
Benjamin  Franklin,  < 
Richard  Peters, 
For  FfV^fiiid,— — •^•Lieutenaat  GoTernor  Delancey,  o^ 

Nevf  Tork* 
-    N  .B.  On  the  2  sthoi OAober,  1 754^  Governor  Dvt" 
widdie  wrote  to  the  Lords  Coailiiffionen  for  trade  and 
plantati<|iti,  that  he  hadre^oclted  OovernOr  Delanctf  to^ 
>P{^  i9r«  and  repfefei^  (hf  $pUMf  ^  Virgmkii  it 


For  AViu  Torkf 


For 

New  Hampjbire^ 

For 
Majfachufets  Bay, 

For  Conneilicutt' 


Tor  RhodcIJLndA 
For  Maryland,  < 


VoTPenn/ylvaniOf 


Efqrs.  of* 
his  Ma- 
jefty*. 
counciU 


£rqrs. 

Efqrs. 

'Efqrs* 
Sfqrs* 

Efqrs. 


iC*-.' 


'■><■ 


is1^' 


■f    *' 


^' 


-^^ 


"ij^r 


:j^- 


; 


I 

i 


1 1 

a 


If  I 

rfe!' 
H  ' 

■ti  . 


<t^  ^ 


^■'■h, 


111''  ■ 


r:i.:. ; 


!(t 


P-' 


I     4S     ] 

tin  CiinprcTs  to  he  luKl   by  his  MajtftyN  con\maiul,   at 
^illumxy   with  the  Six  I'nitid  Nations  i)f  InJitifis. 

'Ihis  liittr,    may  he  fouiul  in    the  SLcrct.uy's  otfite, 
of  the  ftatr  nt'  AV-ry  7>jrk  ;    the  original  is  in  the  oihcc 
.         i>t"  rill-  Uoaiil  of  TiMiU*,  lilitchull^    L'.Kihn* 

(J\xtri\n^  ft  '.m  tht:  iiiCAt  Trcity  >it  Albany,    in  I7;4. 

*•  His  Honor  llic  Lieutenant  (iovernor  oi .\e\v  York 
hi\in}»  yeltenlay  Uintteil  Mr.  y^.i^n-i'',  Deputy  Scerc- 
lary  t»t  the  laitl  proxine^,  to  \vait  upon  the  Conunil- 
liun»;rs  ot  tli.' r<  vera!  iMn\iniis,  and  aennaint  thern  his 
Honor  <lelMt\l,  th.n  tluv  w  khM  iuk  i  inCouni  il,  in  the 
C'it\  11. ill  ot  .i!b,:r:\  this  nioniinj;,  in  ni\!er  lu|>ro«luie 
tluir  pmvcrs,  .iiul  pKuccvl  U)  Inirnulb:  The  laivl  ^Tow- 
miUi',>u-)S  heini;  an  oi'iImi^jIv  n\,it»  took  their  fc.its,  .md 
piuilneid  their  rei,>ee4i\e  i  '>nuniirK)ns,  whicli  were  rcaJ. 

lii*  Hon<>r  ill.  n  pr»>tlueei.l  a  letter  from  tlie  lliglit 
Honor. iI>K'  the  Loul>  of  Traili-,  hearing  il.ite  the  I  8th 
«)t  S.|'fen»l'».r  lall,  i^lee  thib  letter  in  page  45,46)  and 
the  lame  was  read." 

On  the  2 "til  of  June,  the  hid'uiKi  complained  oj 
ihri,  Lfi.I.i  /'i.-n^^  ( lainuil^  and fa'ulf  tiny  haJ not  /lid them. 

On  ih:  2d  of  Jidy,  the  famous  iSaehem  Htudriik 
delivered  a  I'pc  ech  in  behalf  of  the  Six  Aatirv.s^  and 
laid  '*  the  (Jovernors  of  I'lrqinin  and  Canada  arc  both 
tjuarrelling  about  lands,  which  Inlonp;  to  lu.  They  quar- 
n  1,  who  Ihall  have  the  huds.J  They  have  made  a  path 
ro'  our  country  to  trade,  and  build  houies,  without 
ncijuainting  us  with  it.  They  Ihould  "have  firft  alked 
our  tonfent  to  build  there,  as  was  done,  when  O/wt-go 
was  built. 

On  the  28th  of  July,   Governor  DeLincey  and   the 
nd  the  other  Commillioncrs    fpoke  as  follows  to  the 


t^ 


I 


^ 


/. 


i  Six  A 


at  ions. 


I 


Brothers. 
Wc  gladly  iiuderiund,  that  you  gave  no  coutcnance 

to 


"*!» 


:on\matuJ,   at 
In^liiiiis. 
ut.iry's  olficc, 

■ 

t'piity  Sec  re- 
lic Coininil'- 
'"'  <''<■  iM  his 
^"''  il*  in  the 
■  'u  I'loduic 
lu  j.iiil  (T^;??- 
•■  Icits,  .mil 
h  were  read. 
I  thL  lliyhf 
tc  the  i«th 
i5>4^')   anJ 

n plained   c/ 
>/  /old  them. 
n  H'liJriii- 
tfi'^nSf   aiu! 
/.J  are  both 
riuy  t|uar- 
laUc  a  path 
5,    without 
iirft  alked 
icn  0/wfgo 


t   4y    ] 


!''■''"     ''-H    "h-  Govern,,,.,  'V','.-^''""-      ^o^'om- 

"■•"'^  •■'-■',7*  ;.-.v.  ,.„,..,;,,'/"  ""^  ''•"^-  --ic  „c>, 

''kt  .1  'neeiinn  of  v  - 

P'crcu  j„i„,  jv,,,,/'     "'•'''•  ■'"'y«tM"..  .754. 

^i'chard  Peters  /rr 

^'-•"i^^n'i"  Franklin   P   ''''/^'^^'^•^nfrs  for 

i';«.ic  Norris,  J  ^ '"^'/jlvania. 

^'oniad  Wei/er     F.  ,     i 


eai  J  ilnce  we 


^'  Ona,     and  our  [ 


came  her 


that 


had  { 


ome  difputes  aboTit  t\ 


u^otherofAVu;£,;^/. 


our  bro- 


i>'iU  ha 


«u"c  kind  as  th 


tl'Jputeof  thei 
(■■^^nada  and  the  C 

>;""  will  not  diiier    with 
''•all  h 


»^'   lands  of  nhamok 


AC 


7« 


ovcrnorof^Vr^,,,,,;,.^^ 


f«^' the  Governor  of 


"^  we  de/Ii 


ave  It 

thefe 


O'lc   another,   for  neithc 


'1  c 


and    defence 


'Hid  other  conf 


was  i 


^^•cnccs,   a  treaty  of  alii 


"  ihc  AV;/^rV  n 


G 


•"ic  concluded 
with 


«*'= 


'  '. 


K 


ii 


.f'\ 


\i 


V:    ' 


|\ 


!'>' 


H 


<i- 


iiii' 


^.1 


L 


J 


\\\{\\  il»c  .V.v  \'.Utr:s,  .i!u!  on  the  71I1  ot  Auj^mII,  0;>- 
\tMiu»r  lLim:ltjH  of  l\HVfylv,niiay  ia  !»is  Ipicch  to  hi> 
AillnjUIy,  rrul,  •'  l(  is  wirii  ;M\.»t  r.jiisf.iJtion,  that  I 
**  now  coainuinicjitc  to  y/m  tlic  piocctJinj's  of  ilu 
••  C'oMiinillloiius  at  tlw  Lit,  tr,(tty  at  .Hhatr^^  .is  on 
poruril  iluicor,  you  will  lU.uly  perceive  tl\it  :'r 
i:nJi     t\  tht'  fiver  Obio  1/.   v<  /  Iwlinn  to  the  India 


«i 


«i 


II. s 


'  •'   'if  the  i>i\  N.;tioMs,    .md  U.ivc  \o\\\  (\\\\.i  bwcn  nut 


*( 


»^. 


</</•  th^  pi  tsili.n  of  the  Cr own  t/  Eiit'laiul, 


On   (•!•    .lUoiit    tlu-    1 5lh  ot  April,    1755,    (ivnrr.il 
BriiJil'„i  ilcliv4;rciJ  ',\  fet  ol  iiilliMu'lioiis  to    Sir   ll'illiam 
^"^^Hj^tiy    Baron  .,   his  Ihit.inu    Majt(>y*s  SupciiMrcn- 
^laiit  oi  hiMtiii,  atr.iirs,   .iiul  tlu icin  nR'niiomd,  th.ii  the 
tivi  f^'iHhfis  of  InJiausy   oil  i!ic  i(;th  of  July,    1701, 
|):ui   put  all   their  licavcr  lluiit  under  the  prcteHion  of 
iiic  King  of  EKyJnnd^  to  be  guaranteed  t'j  them  and  tht  ir 
piff :    and  thai  by  dtn*    bcarirfg  date  in  1726,   the  Lay' 
hi^as,   S^fiecas  ^rul  Onondagos^  d'\d  j>ut  their   l.mds  ind 
caftlcs  H^fAr  th(f   pro$£fHon  of  the  King  of  England,   to 
be  protcSlcd  and  defended  by  the  faidKingy  his  hijurs  and 
fucceffcrs  for  rvcrf  to  and  for  th."  ufe  of  then;  thitfaid 
Indiilns,   their  heirs   and  fiuccjftn  for  ever :  an(Mheii 
the  Gencr4hdcclarcd,  **  That  whereas  the  frcnch  have 
***from    time  10  time,   by   fraud    and 'Violence,   built 
**  itrong  forts^  within  tl^i  Hmit'tf  of  the  faid  land,  con-* 
'*   trary  to  the  covenant  chaini||f  the  {aid  trcatict^T'^ou 
*^  are  in  my  name  to  alVure  the4mi^  nations,  tHat  I  am 
•*  c<5me,   by  his  MajeJ}y*s  ogrdpr,^  d<:ftruv  all  the  laid 
**  forts,  and  to  build  fucUom^r^  asfb^tl  protefl  Mni 
"  /ball  fecure  the  faid  Attds  to  thevt,  their  hairs  and 
**  fuccejfars  for  ever,  according  to  the  true  intent  aa(;i 
'*  fpirit  of  the  faid  treaty;  and'Ido  therefore  call  upon 
•*  them  to  take  up  the  hatchet»  and  come  and  t^ke  pcf- 
"  f'J^on  of  their  own  /ands" 

Thefe    engagements  impofed  the   (Irongtft  obliga- 
tions 


•      % 


[  J-  J 


till,   <■'.:>- 
k\\  to  lil; 
\,   that    I 
s    of  ihi 
/Vi   '^s  on 

//'./^   /'r 

('  IiMi.uis 

I)  put  .7'.  • 

» 

(»>  ikmmI 
■  II' 1 1  Ham 
pciintt'u- 
,  th.it  tl)c 

tcHion  of 

and  t hi  if 

the  ^tf^y- 

|.inds  Ind 

•land,   /o 

thtfaid 
indrthcii 
ch  have 
built 
d,    COB- 

at  I  am 
he  Hi  id 

\rt  and 
nt  awi 
1  upon 

ke  poj- 

Obliga- 
tions 


c 


iK)ns  upon  the  crowti  oiChcat  ffrlt^in,  and  its  fitcccf 
/  'Sf  not  liiltply  to  admit,  but  tu  fiipport  and  maintain,- 
a^^iinlt  all  Oppcliiion,  the  right  ot  the  Hix  Nat  ions  2.ud 
ihtir  alliiiMs,    to  their  ftvcial  couiurics. 


While   ihcic  lranli»i>ions  wcr 


c  c.invinu  on  m 


.Ymr- 


;•»■(•.;,  a  nii',oiiation  was  begun  in  /w/ro/'*',  between  the 
Ct)to  ts  oi  Francr  and  iinat  liritain^  fvom  which  it 
will  ipptar,  that  the  title  of  the  i/.v  Nations  to  their 
iMialic'uated  lands  and  tcrriturics,  was  kt\o\vn,  admitted 
and  Itrongly  allerted,  not  only  in  /huricnt  but /'^  the 
hiiii^s  of  tttuut'  and  England.  f^ 

In  the  month  of  January,  1753,1110  Duke  dc  Mht'- 
poix,  the  King  of  Framc^s  Amballador,  \n  obedience, 
to  his  inlh  iK^Hons,  propofed,  that  orders  flioutdbc  font 
10  the  refpeciive  (Governors  of  both  nations  i  America, 
to  </<////  from  all  farrlier  a<fts  of  violcnec; that  mat- 
ters IhouKl  he  rcllored  without  delay  to  the  fame  fitua- 
tion  on  the  Ohio^  that  they  were  in  before  the  laft  war, 
and  that  the  fcveral  preicnlions  of  the  two  Kings 
iliould  be  referred  to  the  Commiffioncn  then  fitting  in^ 
I  ar[S,  . 

January  22d,  1755,  the  Uritifb  Court  anfwcrc<J» 
**  Thatlbc  pofTcilion  of  the  territory  towards  the  river 
OfHOf  muft  'be  reflorcd  to  the  fame  iuuation  it  was  i^- 
tuallyin  at  the  concluiion  of  the  treaty  at  Utrecht,^ 

February  the  6th,  1755,  th#King  of  France  alt 
ledgei,  that  the  King  of  Englapd  h^d  no  prctenfions  to 
♦the  country  in  1679,  and  that  the  treaty  of  Utnchi, 
had  not  made  th^  lead  mention  thereof.  He  at  tht 
lame  time  propofed  to  the  Conrt  of  London  a  prelimi- 
nary convention,  and  fuggefted  the  proviiional  con*- 
ditions  thereof;  one  of  which  was,  that  the  Englijk 
fubjefts  ihould  retire  to  the  eaflward  of  the  AUegaaif 
Mountain^  and  the  French  fubjefts  to  the  w^^ward  of 
the  river  Ohio.  ^  '^'^ 


f 


^ 


*. 

^ 


*. 


^^^  ■ 


%  •,»#'• 


3 


[     52     ] 

March  the  7tb,  1755,  his  liritanic  Majcfty  propofcd 
to  agree  loiU"  foregoing  conditions,  in  cafe  the  King 
of  France  would  fend  orders  to  his  Governor  and 
Commanders  in  North  j^'mtriciij  to  dcmohjhy  in  fix 
months,  all  the  forts  that  had  been  cre(fkcd  at  different 
places  upon  the  Ohio^   Sec. 

March  the  27th.      The  King  of /'r<j»;ftf   objecleil  to 
this  propofali   and  April  the  5th,   the  Court  of  A';/i7- 
land  infifted  upon  it,   and   the  two   Courts  continued 
indecifively   negociaiing,  until  the  14th  of  May,  1755. 
xuklfn  tl^c  Duke  de  MlrcpoiXy   prefenicd  a  mc  morial  to 
tlie  Britijb  Miniftry,   and  denied  the  /hiti/b  King  had 
the  lead  right  to  the  lands  weftward  ot  the   AlU-^nny 
Mountain;   and  in  the  fccond  article  of  this  memorial, 
rfie  Court  oi  France  fpeaking  of  \.\\c  Six  AationSf  faid, 
•    Thcfc  Savages  arc  free  and  independent y  and  there  arc 
none    of   them  who  may  be   called  ////yV^j    of  either 
,'     ^^*^    crown:  What  appears  on  the  face  of  the  treat;  of  U- 
trecht-y  in    regard  to  this,  is   faulty,  and  caic  nuifie  no 
-'»  *     alteration   in  the  nature  0/  things.      It  is  cirtain  that 
^   "    no  Englijhman  dare,  without  the  rifque  of  being  majfa" 
*  cred^  tell  thx  Iroquois   (the  Six  Nations)   that  they  are 

fuhjeRs  of  England.     Thcfc  Savnge  Nations  "^^c    go- 
verned by  thcmfelves.*     *^ "  -  ^     ^      ,.     m 
'      ,          On  the   7th  of  Jape f   1755,  the  Brit i fa  MtMcr 
-:^  -  .f  delivered  a  ^emorivto  the  Duke  de  Mirepoix^  an<)  in 
the  (econd  and  third  afiicles,  k  is  obfc«  vcfl)— 

r  Second  article.  "  However /r*r  it!hd  independent  thm 
^*  Savagts  in  queftion  (the  Six  Natioot)  may  be, 
**  which  is  apoin^  the  Court  of  Great  Oritdin  will 
/V  not  difcu/s,  /^M.*.  Wheia  mpofition  will  hot  beara 
difmffi^t^f  it  W' certainly  mpft  prudent  rp  avoid  every 
thiiHp  btst  poiuive  aiTerttons)  /i&ry  cannot  be  confi- 
-  ^  «f  dcred 


•%-rs.,. 


I     I 


'   •  Here  we  fee  the  Confe«lcT*tfi«  Natjom  are  ejipHcltly  aekncwiedg^^  by 
Trtnct  [o  be  di(HnA  from  the  fubjeait  either  of  tk<a  kiiiikift,  or  £»il»»d. 


*.<^ 


j-v 


/• 


r  33  ] 


propofcJ 
the  King 
rn^^r  and 


b,  in 


fix 
ilitftrcnt 


(jcx^cil  to 

of  t:nit- 

lontinucd 

morial  to 
King  had 

iicmoiial, 
ionSf  faid, 

there  arc 

of  cither 

;at;  of  U- 

i.  mane  no 

tai'i  that 
\^g  majfa- 
$hey  arc 
ye    go- 

MfoUler 
anu  in 

ident  thm 
I  may   he, 
\Ain  will 
it  bear  v 

Id  'every 
confi- 

i^  dered 

ricdg^i  b^ 


<<   (Icrcd  and  treated  nthcrwllc  ih.-n  as  fubjc(Sls  of  Cirat 
*'    Sritniiii   by    Fraun-  in  particuLir^  rjnc'„"  Ihe  has  fo- 
''•    Icmnly  engaged  by  the  treaty  of  Utrci  hi^  to  tomulLV  I 
**   thcni  as  fuch." 

This  article  evidently  iiifcovcrs  that  the  BritiJJ.y  Mi- 
niiby  were  confeious  of  no  other  foundation  to  their 
claim  of  ^A?w/;j«'(>;j  over  the  Six  Au^/c/m,  than  a  pariicu- 
l.ir  exprcflion  in  the  treaty  of  Utr/'cht,  which  might 
{Kihaps  be  urged  againft  the  Court  of  t'ranr&,  but 
couid  not  alter  "  the  nature  of  things,"  or  at  all 
atFe(ft  thele  n^itions  thcmfclvcs,  aIio  v;ere  not  parties 
to  that  treaty. 

Third  article.     **  Whatever  pretext   might   be    al- 
*'  lelged   by  France^   in  confidering  thefe  countries  as 
**   //v  appurtenances  of  Ca  ladd^  it  is  a    certain  truth, 
'*   that  they  have  belonged.   AND   as  they  H^VE  not       \ 
*'    BEEN  GIVEN     UP,    OR  MADE  OVER    TO   THE  EnG-        \ 

**  LiSH,  BELONG  s  fiLL  /5  th^  favxe  Indian  ^^tionSy^* 
**  v/lii^i,  by  the  15th  article  of  the  treaty  oi  Utrecht ^  1 
**  France  agreed  not  lo'^moleft.  What  the  Court  of 
"  ^'"^iKki'Of^^^^''*  tnaintainfy"-'Vi\ii\t  it  inJJjfs  upon,  is, 
**  Thartb''  Five  Nations  of  the  Inqusis,  acknowlcged 
"  by  France  to  be  fubje<Sts  of  Gfcai'  Britain y  are  by  o- 
"  rigiHy  or  by  right  of  ccnqueji ,  Tif^  lawful  Pro- 
*'  PRIETORS  of  the  river  OhiOy  and  the  territory  in 
"  quefiiwi:* 

The  capture  of  two  French  fhips  of  war  (tlie  /fhide 

•  An  incontromtihje  proof  this,  that  neither  the  Hrmj|^Klnf  nor  his 
Minitlers  apprehended,  that  by  the  trtatj  or  ifftd  madeat  LancaJ]ir  in 
lf44,  the  Six  ^^«/<o«i  had  fold  to  hJs  Majcfiy,  tiihtands  vfjf-ward  of  the 
AlhjjgHy  MountMH,  othervifc  thc>'  would  p<>t  certainly  hare-  dej'triiil  ^ 
rlaim,  which  they  might  fo  rafily  hare  fet  jp.  The  deed,  luch  as  it  is, 
>'(*ii)c  made  to  Grorjfc  the  Second,  and  m/  tc  y'lrf^ima.  The  King  and  his 
Miniilert'difdaincd  to  avail  themrdves  of  fuch  a  vafue,  unju(iif:t<hlc  and 
indefcnfible  Jeed,  procured  for  the  inconliderabic  film  nf  Four  HunHred 
Pouiidst  l*<nnfylv»m4  fVOrtrjp»  .but  honellly  declared,  th;it  **  tbt%  (the 
i«ndiab<vre  ment}<m':d);Mvr  Aof  (<'fM/iv('iiii^v  nor  mapf  (>vkr  to  rvt, 
^niii.ii,»^'  but  **  ^itM^p  tTiLt  to  tur  &amk  Ikuian  NATiw'«*t" 


•1    '  m 


•i  ■     V 

1 

- '  ■ 

1 

1 1-     ^ 

1 

1 1    r 

^-      • 

1 

;           . 

1 

IJ. 

f  ]■  ^  '• 

1. 

1  •■  ■    i- 
( 

>  ■■     • 
■1 

'^':     'ih 


ii 


i!:,l 


I     54     J 

nnd  Tvj  j  by  Adnural  Bofciiwcn's  fleet  on  llic  follow- 
ing day,  put  an  end  to  this  ncp.ociation,  and  pre- 
vented the  Court  of  France  from  furilici-  alKrting  the 
independency  of  the  Six  XationSf  as  would  othcrwifc 
have  donbilefs  been  done 

On  ihe  ijlh  of  May,   I75  5,   Sir  H'illiiVn  John  fun  Ai^- 
livercd  a  fpecch  to  tlie  Six  jWiticns,   and   therein  laid. 
i,  **    Dr'jthcrs  and  /ilUcs  of  the  Six  Aiilions, 

'*  Ideclare  to  you  in  the  prcfence  of  your  Chiefs  and 
your  Warriors,  wlio  are  here  alllmbled,  and  agree- 
ably to  the  itijirui lions  I  have  received //sw  the [^rcdt 
Kingy  your  Father,  that  if  you  will  heartily  p,ive  me 
your  aflirt ante,  I  will  rcinjiatc  you  in  the  l^'U'rJfr^n 
of  yjitr  lanJs.''^ 
On  the  I  8th  of  Februar)',  I75^>,  Sir //V/Z/jm  again 
fpoke  to  ^hc  Six  N.tticns :  and  in  the  name  of  the  King 
of  EnglnnJf  allured  them,  *'  That  he  ^the  Kini;) 
*•  wchI^  pt  ctct]  your  count ry^  and  the  Luuls  -ivhuh  your 
•*  fathers  conquer cd^  and  are  of  right  your  territories^ 
**  againrt  all  violence.  General  Shirley  takes  the 
**  lirlt  opportunity  of  afTuring  you  of  his  in|ttuions, 
**  fully  to  follow  his  Majefty's  inilruckions  herein." 
^       To  this  fpcech  the  .S/jc  A'<///5//j  anfwcrcd:    '     ■ 

**  Wc  are  extremely  thankful  for  the  particular  in- 
ftruclions  the  King  has  given  to  cultivate  a  ftri«St  friend- 
fluip  between  us,  and  to  protet}  our  lands ^  and  to, reco- 
ver thofc  encroached  upon  by  our  common  enemy t^^      t  -. 

On  the  24ih  of  February,  1756,  the  Sfx  Nations 
again  fpoke  to  Snr  JVilUam  Johnfon.,  and  faid: 

"  You  have  acquainted  us  that  the  great  A'ingt  our 
**  brother,  is  firmly  rcfolved  to  defend  our  countr}', 
**  and  re  er  fuch  parts  of  it  .as  the  French  have  cn- 
**  croachcd  upon;  alfo  to  protect  us  to  the  utmofl:  of 
his  power  ^)vr^<^/;;^  forts  for  our  fafety  and  Uefence.* 
la   Odlober  1758,  a  treaty  was  held  with  the  Six 

■  .  ^-  '-;.*•«— •         Nations, 


(t 


r"* 


ft 


follow- 
d  prc- 
injj  the 
hcrwife 

7^;/  de- 
li n  r.lid. 

i 

icfs  and 

J  agrcc- 

im  again 
Lhe  A7/;if 
c  Kin>4) 
/;a  A  vowr 
rJtorii'Sf  ■ 
kcs     the 

;ular  in- 
friend- 

to  rccO' 

\Ndtlons 

\ingi  our  \ 
\countr^i 
lave  cn- 
imoft  oF 
|e  fence. 
Ithe  Six 
lationsy 


[    55    ] 


)/ 


«t 


u 


Nat  ions  y  DehiiL'drest  &c,  at  EaJljU  In  Pennfylvania,  by 
the  Governois  oH  Pi' nu/'ylv  a  Ilia  and  /V<'u>  Ji'fJ'y*  ^'^^w- 
tnijjionirs  for  Pi-nnfylvafiiay  :ind  the  Kin (f*s  dt/iuty  fu' 
ferintendant  of  Indian  afairiy  when  Thomas  King^  a 
great  Warrior  and  Chitf  of  the  .S'/a  Art/;cwj,  obfcrved, 
*'  lircthrcn, 
'•  Tlie  caiife,  why  the  Indians  on  the  ^;^/o  left  you, 
*'  was  owing  to  yourfelves.  When  we  heard  of  the 
Funch  coining  thcie,  we  deHred  the  (Jovtrnors  of 
I  irginid  and  Pennfylvania  to  fiii>ply  us  witlyimplc- 
nicnts  and  nteclTaries  for  war,  and  we  would  defend 
our  landsy  but  thefe  Governors  difregarded  our  mcf- 
fages.  The  French  came  to  us,  treated  with  our  peo- 
ple, ufcd  them  kindly,  and  gained  their  affe^ions. 
Tin.    GovKRNOR    Oh  Virginia   settled   on 

**    OUR  LANDS    FOR    H  I  S  O  W  N   DENEr  I  T,  but  It/^^/l  'U/f 

•*   wanted  his  afjifiancey  he  forfook^s"  < 

On  the  20th  of  Auguft,  1760,  Ccncr^X  Afoncktm 
held  a  treaty  at  Fort  Pitt,  on  the  eaftcrn  fide  of  the 
CbiOf  with  the  Six  Nations,  Shawncfe  and  D«  'awares^ 
and  delivered  a  fpeech  from  S'r  Jeffery  Amherji^  then 
Commander  in  Chief  of  his  Britannic  Y  i^rty's  forces 
in  Asrth  America,  and  therein  mentioned  tnat  his  Ma- 
jefty  had  not  fent  him  iq  deprive  them  of  any  ot  liieir 
lands  and  property;  that  he  did  not  mean  to  take^any  of 
their  lands,  but  as  the  necelTity  of  his  Majefty's  fervice 
obliged  him  to  lake  pod,  and  build  furts  in  fome  parts 
of  their  country,  to  prevent  the  enemy /row  taking  pof- 
fejjion  of  their  lands,  he  a^Tured  them,  that  no  part 
wiiatever  of  their  lands  joining  to  the  forts,  fhould  be 
taken  from  them  -,  nor  any  of  the  Englifh  p<y>ple  he 
permitted  to  fettle  upon  them;  and  the  General  alfo 
promifed  them  that  their  lands  fhould  remain  their  abfolute 
property,  and  he  would  even  give  them  fome  prefentt^ 
as  a  con/ideration  for  the  land^  ^'here  fuch  fons  aod 
""  .  trading 


C 


i'i'li 


I'«  ' 


!!■ 


[    jc>   ] 

trading  houlcs  flioviUI  be  built  upon;  and  Coiiclcidcd  by 
iLcUuIim;,  that  if  ilii  y  woukl  lay  out  a  Ipacc  of  ground 
adjoining  each  fort,  to  raifc  corn,  in  that  cafe,  he  faid, 
Jix  yourfihcs  the  timifs  tf  your  lindiy  fo  appropriated  to 
us,  and  yi>u  fliali  receive  i'lith  conrideration  for  the 
faiuc,  (li  Jl\ill  he  iiiirccil  hct-wccn  you  (indusj  to  youi 
fiitisfa^iicn. 

The  latttr  end  of  the  year  \'^(^l.  the  followini'  imo- 
tlamatio:!  was  ifliird  at  Fori  Pittt    on  the  Ohio. 
.    r  R  O  C  L   A   M    A   '1    I  O  N, 
y^y   Ht'firy    Bouquet^   Kr(iuiiv,     Colonel    of   Foot,   and 

coniniandin?»  at  tort  Pitt  and  Depcudancies. 
IT/' HE  RE. -is  by  a  trcity  at  E.ajhn^  in  the  year 
1758,  and  after'^vards  ratified  by  his  Majcfty*s 
Miniitcrs,  the  country  /'/  the  'jccjl  of  the  Jllc^any  Moun- 
tain y  is  allowed  to  the  Indians  for  their  hunting 
ground.  Anil  a^  \t  is  of  the  higheft  importance  to 
his  Majefly's  fervi».c,  and  the  prifervation  of  the  peace, 
and  a  good  undei  ftanding  with  the  Indians^  to  avoid 
giving  them  any  juil  caufe  of  complaint:  This  is  there- 
fore 10  forbid  any  of  his  MajeAy's  fubjei^ls  xo  fttlc  or 
l>unt  to  the  u.//  of  the  .-//Iri^any  Mountains,  on  any 
pretence  wliaievec,  unLfs  Iv'ch  have  obtained  leave  in 
writing  fiom  the  General,  or  the  Governors  of  their 
rcfpe^itive  provinces,  and  produce  the  fame  to  the  com- 
manding officer  at  Fort  Pitt.      And  all  the  ofHccrs  and 


non  commilhoned  oflicei  s,  eomnian  ^ 
pofts  created  in  that  part  of  the  country,  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  trade,  are  hereby  t)rdered  to  feizc,  or 
caufe  to  be  llized,  any  of  his  MajeA^y's  fubjcfts,  who 
without  the  above  authority,  (liould  pretend,  after  the 
publication  hereof,  to  fettle  or  hunt  upon  the  faid 
lands,  and  fend  them,  with  their  horfes  and  cflt^ls,  to 
Fort  Pitt,  there  to  be  tried  and  puniihcd  iccording  to 
the  nature  of  their  otfencc,  by  the  fentence  of  a  court 
martial.  Signed  Henry   Bouquet. 


ditfs  at  the  feveral      k 


I'  5f    J 


I ' 


cl tided  hy 
L)f  ground 
J,  he  i',\\i}, 
>[)riiitcd  to 
)n  for  tlic 
J,    to  you  I 

\vim»  pro- 

0. 

> 

Foot,   and 

iicics. 

the    year 
5  Majcfty's 
(tny  Moun" 
r   hunting 
ortancc  to 
the  peace, 
to  avoid 
is  iherc- 
0  fit  tie  or 
,  on    any 
d  leave  in 
of  their 
the  com- 
Rcers  and 
ic  fevcral 
the  pro- 
feizc,  or 
(fts,  who 
after  the 
the    f.iid 
fteas,  to 
rding  to 
a  court 
iquet. 


i 


I 


On  the  loth  of  February,    i  763,   a  ^eare  was  con^ 
eluded  between  A>;^/a«f/ and /"rawf^/   aud  on   the    7ih 
of  Odober,   a  royal  proclamation  iflued,   and  inltrudli- 
ons  were  fent  to  the  Governor  of  Kir^inia,  reilraining        ' 
him  from  granting  any  lands    to  the  'wejlward    of  the 
Allegany  Mountains .    and  thcfe   in{lru<ftions  and    that 
proclamation  were  conceived  in  the  true  fpirit  and  faith 
of  the  afliirances,   fo  repeatedly  given  to  the  Six  A'u-     - 
iions  of  Indians y  regarding  their  lands,  as  may  be  feen  ill    ^^ 
the  foref'oing  detail. 

The  following  are  the  mod  efTential  parts  of  this 
proclamation,  :ii\d  thefc  inflru<^ions. 

**  And  whereas  it  is  juft  and  reafonable,  and  ciTcn- 
**  tial  to  our  intereft,  and  fecurity  of  our  colonies, 
**  that  the  fevcral  nations  or  tribes  of  Indians^  with 
whom  we  are  connedcd,  and  -who  live  under  cur 
proteilionf*  Jhould  not  be  molefledor  dijlurhed  in  fuch 
*'  parts  of  our  dominions  and  territories,  as  not  hav- 
ing been  ceded  to^  or  pur  chafe  d  by  us,  are  referred  to 
thcui,  or  any  of  them,  as  their  hunting  grounds: 
We  do  therefore,  with  the  advice  of  our  Privy 
Council,  declare  it  to  be  our  royal  will  and  pleafure^ 
that  no  Governor  or  Commander  in  Chief  in  any  of 
our  colonies  of  ^ebec^  Eaft  Florida  or  JVeJl  Florida, 
do  prefume,  upon  any  pretence  whatever,  to  grant 
warrants  of  furvey,  or  pafs  any  patents  foi"  lands  be- 
yond the  bounds  of  their  refpectivc  governments,  as 
defcribed  in  their  commiflions,  as  alfo  That  no  Go- 
vernor or  con^mander  in  chief;  of  our  oZ/at  Colo^ 
nies  or  plant«<t!ons  in  America  do  prefume  for  the 
prefent  and  until  our  further  will  and  pleafure  be 
known  to  grant  warrants  of  furvey  or  pafs  patents 
land,  beyond  the  heads,  or  fources  of  any  of  the  rivers 
'which  fail  into   the  atlantic   ocean  from  the   IVefi  or 

H  *'from 

*  Bee  the  preceding  treaty  >t  Alhani  in  X7J4,  and  General  Bnuidock** 
InftruttioDs,  *c. 


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**  /rom  /^^  i\orth  IVt'/f,  or  upon  any  land  whatfocvc  r 
**  -which  not  having  hi'tti  ciJuif  or  purchafed  by  us  as 
afcrefaiJy  arc  rcftrvcd  to  the  faiJ  Indians  or  any  oj 
them  and  we  further  declare  it  to  be  our  royal  will 
and  pleafurc  for  the  prefcni  a$  aforcfaid  to  refcrve 
under  our  fovercignty^  protection  and  dominion ^  ioi 
the  ufe  of  the  /did  Indians  ^  all  the  lands  and  territo* 
ries  not  included  within  the  limits  of  the  faid  three 
new  governments,  or  within  the  limits  of  the  territo- 
ries granted  to  the  Hudlbn's  Bay  company,  as  alfo 
all  the  lands  and  territories  lying  to  tht  Wejl-ward  of 
the  four  CCS  of  the  river  Sy  "whuh  fall  into  the  fea  from 
the  %veji  and  north  ut/l  as  aforejaid;  and  we  do 
hereby  ftridly  forbid,  upon  pain  of  our  difpleafure, 
all  our  loving  fubjtj^s  from  mA\ii\t\g  purchafes  or  fet- 
tUments  whatJbcver,  or  taking  poffeffion  of  any  lands 
**  above  rcfcrved,  without  our  Ipecial  leave  and  licence 
for  that  purpoff  iirft  obtained.  And  we  do  further 
ftriftly  enjoin  and  require  all  pcrfons  whatever,  who 
have  either  wilfully  or  inadvertently  featcd  them- 
**  fclvcs  upon  lands  within  the  (ountries  above  dc- 
**  fcribed,  or  upon  any  otlicr  lands,  ivhtch  not  having 
**  been  ceded  to^  or  put  ch.i/cd  by  us^  are  fiill  referved  to 
**  the  faid  Indians  as  aforcfaid,  to  remove  themfehcs 
*'   from  fuch  fciilemciits." 

<^  Can  there  be  a  ftronger  proof,  that  the  King 
of  England  did  not  conceive  he  had  acquired  any 
juft  or  legal  title  to  the  lands  weftward  of  the  Allegany 
Mountain,  either  by  the  Lancafler  deedot  the  treaty ^ 
of  peaccy  which  he  had  fo  recently  made  with  the  King 
of  France? 

In  1764,  the  King  being  dcilrous  of  having  1 
boundary  line  cftablilhed  between  the  country  of  the 
Indians  and  the  provinces  of  New  TorkfPfnnfyhania, 

Maryland  md  yirginia. direfted  Sir  tyUliam  Johnfont 

Baronec* 


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atfocvc  r 
by  us  as 
r  any  oj 
L^yal  will 
Q  rrferve 
liorjt  for 
territO' 
aid  three 
c  icrrito- 
fy  as  alfo 
/fward  of 
fea  frcm 
\  we  do 
"pitafurc, 
fes  or  Jet- 
my  lands 
id  licence 
J  furthci 
ver,  who 
thcm- 
ovc  dc- 
havlng 
''erved  to 
mfeh  cs 

|c  King 
;d    any 

Ulegany 
treaty^ 
LC  King 

Lving  X 
of  the 

{vaniAt 

ihn/orti 

ronec* 


Baronet,  his  fupcrintcndant  of  Indian  affairs,  to  found 
the  Six  Nations  upon  the  fubjcA,  and  know  among 
other  matters  whether  thty  would  be  willinp  to  frll  all 
the  lands  to  the  caltward  of  the  river  Ohio^  as  far  as 
the  Jl/fgany  Mountain,  and  make  that  river  the  boun- 
dary line    to  the  ivefiivnrd. 

On  the    29th   of   April,    17^5»  a    conference  was ''<^n*»*<*»»'j 
opened   at   John/on  Hall,   and  ciiJcd   the  5th  of  May,     i?©^- 
with  the    Six  Nations  of  Indians^    when   Sir    IVilliam 
John/on  addrclTed  them  as  follows: 

'*  You  know  the  treacherous  and  cruel  part  a<Jlcd  by 
fomc  of  your  people  at  Loggs  Toivn,  and  about  the 
Ohio,  about  two  yeaw  ago.  You  then  plundered 
numbers  of  the  tradfrSf  who  were  fupplying  you 
with  goods,  Sec,  This  has  induced  them  to  apply 
to  mc,  and  to  defire  I  would  lay  before  you  their 
"  diftreflTcs,  that  you  might  give  thtm  a  trafi  of  land 
**  to  compcnfaie,  in  fome  meafurc,  for  their  great 
**  loffcs.  I  need  not  tell  you  how  incumbent  it  is  up- 
"  on  you  to  agree  to  their  dcfiie,  as  you  muft  be  all 
"  fcnfiblc  tht'y  were  ruined  by  fome  of  your  people  in 
•*  a  time  of  pe:ice,  and  when  they  were  fupplying  your 
**  neccflities.  This  conduvft  is  fufficicnt  to  make  the 
traders  very  Ihy  of  going  towards  your  country,  and 
therefore  I  think  it  indifpcnfably  your  intereft  to 
grant  thi*  requert,  which,  though  it  will  be  but  a 
fmall  reward,  it  will  (hew  the  world,  that  you  repent 
of  what  is  p.ift,  and  like  honiji  men  arc  defirous 
of  making  fomc  rcftitutiou  for  the  damages  you 
'*  have  committed.  1  expert  you  will,  without  delay, 
oive  an  anfwer,  and  I  with  it  may  be  a  favourable  one, 
as  it  will  b«  for  your  credit  " 

Sir  William  John/on  next  acquainted  the  Six  Nations,         *  / 
that  the  General  (Sir  Ji-ffi'f y  Amhajl )  had  rcprefentcd 


tf 

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[    60    ] 

to  him  **  the  ncccfllty  there  is  for  the  troops  to  have 
**  gardens  and  rorn  about  the  forts,  and  although  it 
•*  is  the  t  uftom  of  all  other  places,  that  all  the  ground 
within  cannon  Ihot,  Ihould  belong  to  the  fort,  yet 
he  has  fuch  a  regard  for  you,  that  he  would  not 
make  any  ufe  of  it  without  you  were  firl^  made  ac- 
quaiiued,  and  approved  ot  it,  &c.  liui  as  the  gar- 
rifon  oi  Fort  Pitt  is  larger  than  the  reft,  and  a  great 
way  from  our  reiileujcnis,  I  have  no  douht  but  yo* 
-xvill  i^ivi'  ;//>  a  larger  quantity  of  tjround  for  the  ufe 
of  the  foldicrs,  and  if  you  agree  to  this,  I  am  per- 
fuadcd  they  will  loi)k  upon  you  in  a  much  more  fa- 
vorable lii;lu  than  formerly,  fo  that  I  cxpcck  a  fpecdy 
and  agreeable  anfwer." 

*'  Brethren, 
**  The  latl  but  moft  important  affair  I  have  ar  this 
time  to  mention,  is  with  regard  to  fettling  a  houn' 
dary  between  you  and  the  EngHJh.  1  fent  a  meffagc 
fomc  time  ago  to  fomc  of  your  nations,  to  acquaint 
you,  that  I  ihould  confer  with  you  at  this  meeting 
upon  it.  The  Kingy  whofe  gcnerollty  aiul  forgive^ 
**  nefs  you  have  already  experienced,  being  very  deiir- 
ous  to  put  ^  final  end  to  difputis  between  his  people 
and  you,  concerning  lands^  and  to  do  you  ftri^  juf- 
lice,  has  fallen  upon  the  plan  of  a  boundary  between 
our  provinces  and  the  Indians^  (which  no  white 
'*  man  (hall  dare  to  invade)  asthcbeftand  furcft  mc- 
•*  thod  of  ending  fuch  like  dif put es^  and  fccuring^dur 
♦'  property  to  you,  beyond  a  poflibility  of  difturbance. 
«'  This  will,  I  hope,  appear  to  you  fo  re^fonable  and 
"  fo  juft,  on  the  part  of  the  King,  and  fo  advantage- 
•'  ous  to  you  and  your  poftcrily,  that  I  can  have  no 
<*  doubt  of  your  chearfuUy  joining  with  mc,  in  fettling 
''  fuch  a  divifion  line,  as  will  be  beft  for  ?hc  advan- 
f'  tage  of  both  the  white  man  and  the  Indian^,  and  as 

-      e  -^      ^  <VfliaH 


(( 

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<( 

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it 


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«( 
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<( 
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■'■-a:-- 


m. 


>*? 


.  ^   •  -A^  1  - 


)•■  ■ 


[    6i     ] 


«*  fliall  bed  agree  with  the  extent  and  increafc  of  each 
•*  province,  and  the  Governors  whom  1  (hall  confult 
**  upon  that  occalion,  fofoon  as  I  am  fully  empowered, 
**  but  in  the  mean  time  1  am  dcilrous  to  know  in  wJiat 
«<  manner  you  would  choofc  to  extend  it,  and  what 
"  you  will  agree   heartily  to,   and  abide  by  in  general 

*'   terms: At  the  fame  time  1  am  to  acqu»'  ..  you, 

"  that  whenever  the  whole  is  fettled,  and  that  it  fliall 
*•  appear  you  have  fo  far  confulled  the  incrcafmg  ftatc 
«*  of  our  people,  as  to  make  any  convenient  ccjfion  of 
*<  ground,  where  it  is  mofl  wanting,  that  then  you 
**  will  receive  a  coi^Hderable  prefcnt  in  return  for  your 
««   fricnd(hip." 

On  the  3d  of  May,  the  Six  Nations  by  the  Onondago 
fpcaker,   made  the  following  anfwer: 
**   Brother, 

**  We  have  heard  all  you  faid  to  us  yefbcrday,  and 
*'  and  wc  give  you  many  thanks  for  your  advice  an'! 
*'  directions  to  us,  which  we  iliall  take  due  notice  of. 

As  we  are  willing  to  (hew  our  good  difpofition  by 

our  anions,  we  fhall  come  into  every  thing  you  pro- 
'^  pofe  that  is  reafonable,  and  we  ...ope  it  will  render 
*'  us  more  regarded  by  the  Engiijh.  Thefc  ^vt  furious 
*'  articles,  and  we  ihall  confuU  both  Sachems  and 
**  Warriors  about  them,  and  by  to-morrow  be  able  to 
*'  anfwer  you  upon  them;  but  with  regard  to  what 
"  you  fpoke  about,  the  King's  delire,  i4ju:  -jjc  P.^ould 
"  agree  about  a  line  hetiveen  us  and  the  Eng/ijh,  we 
*'  muft  defire  to  know  of  you,  how  you  intended  the 
"  line  fliould  go,  and  how  far.'* 

On  the  4th  ot  May^.  the  fame  fpeaker  again  fpokc 
as  follows: 

«*  Brother,  ^^  '    ' 

**  The  chief  caufe  )f  all  the  late  wars  was  about  lands, 
*'  Wc  faw   the  Englijh  coioing  towards   us  from  all 


(< 


»«   i 


l;:  i. 


m 


'  ■,  f 


[     61     ] 


<( 

(C 
•  € 


4< 


\\ 


parts,  and  they  have  cheated  us  fo  ^/^«,  that  we 
could  not  think  well  of  It.  We  were  afraid  that  in 
a  little  time  you  would  be  at  our  very  caftlcs.  For 
thi«  reafon  wc  thank  the  great  King  for  his  good  in- 
tcntiouf,  and  we  hope  he  will  make  his  people  keep 
within  bounds,  which  they  have  noi  yet  donci  wc 
•*  therefore  agree,  that  a  houndary  Jhall  ba  made  be- 
**   iiueen  us** 

On  the  <»th  of  May,  the  fame  fpeaker  thus  addrcfllJ 
Sir  IVUUam  John/on* 
"  Brother 
**  We  are  now  aiTemblcd  to  anlWr  what  you  laiil 
•*  yejicrdiiyi  regarding  the  boundary  lin^y  &c.  At 
**  length  we  have  agreed  together  for  ouiTelvcs,  our 
"  wives  and  children  to  make  a  cejjion  to  the  King^  of 
«*  the  lands,  we  (hall  now  dcfcribc,  beginning  at  Owe- 
•*  gi  on  the  Eaft  branch  of  Sujquehiinna  thence  down 
«*  the  Eaft  fide  ot  the  rivcr  to  Shamokhi  {or  Fort  .Vn- 
"  gujia)  and  running  up  the  Weft  branch  o{  Su/que- 
**  hanna,  oathe  South  fide  thereof  and  from  thence  to 
Kittaning  or  j^digo^  on  the  Ohio^  thence  along  and 
down  the  Ohio  to  the  Cherokee  river,  and  up  the  fame 
to  its  head:  And  then  they  promifed^  that,  "Thf. 

**    REQJJEST   OF   THE   TKATiERsJbaii  BE   COMPLIED 

WITH,   AND    WB   SHALL   IGREE    TO  GIVE  THEM 

SOME  LANDS  NEAR  FORT  T IT t  and al/o  to  your  de* 

fire^  concerning  fome  lands  about  the  forts  for  the  uft 

**  ofyourgarri/ons."  -      .,.'T^-*    ;i.^.«»1^-:    •   .^v 

Sir  ^////iw  an(wered.         '^*.»'i  V        ^:  ^  '        ^'* 

**  As  I  only  wanted  to  know  your  rentiments  in  ge- 

**   neral  about   a  beundary,  I  am  content  the  line  re- 

**  mains  for  the  pre/ent,  as  far  as  you  recommended." 

During  thcfe  conferences  between  his  Britannic  Ma- 

jefty*s  fuperintendant  of  Indian  affairs,  and   the  Six 

United  Nations  of  Indians^  the   Delaware  Tribff  fcnt 

deputies 


cc 
«c 
tl 


<c 

(C 


f 


^ften^  that  wc 
afraid  that  in 
cafllcs.  For 
r  his  good  in- 
\\%  people  keep 
yci  dune*  we 
7  be  made    bc- 

thus  addrcflld 

■ 

what  you  laid 

/«/•,    &c.      At 

DUiTclvcs,   our 

the  Kingt   of 

lining  at  Ow/'- 

I  thence  down 

(or    Fort  -Vh- 

ich  oi  Su/quc' 

rom  thence  to 

nee  along  and 

d  up  the  fame 

that,  ««Thf 

COMPLIED 
GIVE  THEM 
l/o  to  your  de* 
tsfor  the  uft 

iments  in  ge- 

Ithe  line  re- 

immended." 

ritannic  Ma* 

ind   the  Six 

Tribft  fcnt 

deputies 


it 


[  63  1 

deputies  to  the  fuperintcndant,  for  the  purpofe  of  cfta- 
blifhing  ^peacet  and  the  following  it  an  extiai.%  from 
the  articles  th      of. 

Treaty  vf  feac9  with  the  Detaw4ft  Nation^  enter- 
ed into  by  their  deputies,  before  Sir  William  John/on 
Baronet  his  Majedy'i  fole  agent  and  Aiperintendant 
of  Indian  affa  ;$,  in  the  Northern  departmeut  of 
PJorth  America,   6t".   <^r.   6. 

/Article  the  Jirjl. 
"  That  in  confideration  of  the  Delawarei,  fincere 
piomirts  of  future  good  behaviour,  of  their  having 
**  delivered  up  to  Colonel  Boquet  a  large  number  of  Eff 
"  gli/b,  who  were  their  prifoners,  and  of  their  chear- 
fuliy  according  to  the  fubfequcnt  articles,  and  faith- 
fully obferving  them  forever  hereafter,  his  Majefty 
is  gracioufly  pleafed  to  pardon  what  hath  pafTed,  and 
they  (hall  be  once  more  received  into  the  covenant 
chain  of  friendihip  with  the  Englijb, 

jirticle  the  ninth, 
**  That  many  of  the  traders,  who  were  plundered, 
and  feverely  treated  by  the  Delawares,  in  1763, 
having  reprefented  the  great  diftrefles,  to  which  they 
arc  thereby  reduced,  and  prayed  relief;  the  Dela- 
uures  are  therefore  to  fail  immediately  c  :  a  method^ 
for  making  them  feme  reftitotion  by  z grant  of  laodsy 
provided  his  Mijefty  (hall  approve  thereof,  «nd  the 
Six  Nations,  firft  give  their  approbation. 

'      .  ^  Signed     William  Johnjvn, 

"  Killbuck  or  Benunco, 

^*    ,      ^  Kockjhuchementt, 

f^   ^  \Jtiendamovky, 

Squajb  Cutter," 
Ac  a  confereoce  tc  J^ht/on  If  mil,  on  the  13  th  of 
July,  1765,  with  fhe  Mnjra  Indians,  &c.- Sir /^/R«m 
Jo^tt/m  explained  to  the   SAa^tuffe,  DeUwares  tnd 


If 


u 


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If 


l( 


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11 


If 


If 


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M 


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;f 


III:  ^ 


I!   Hi'' 


i;',, 


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t  i 


■  .   I 


W'        ' 


b. 


|: 


ilii 


19; 


itf 


liii 


■■' 


t  64  1 

Mlngcii  the  fcv1r.1l  unities  of  the  treaty  fubfcribed  by 
hillbuik^  ^c.  {\\\  |>ai;r6i)on  behalf  of  the  Ddaivarts, 
**  wiih  ii/i  wlii.h  thty  were  pic.ifeil,  ami  unanimoujly 
*•    ni;rLt«.l  to  fubfcribc  the  f;in»c.** 

The  t\)itt;aing  applii.itiou  iiudc  by  Sir  H'illi.^m  John, 
fon  ti)  ihc  Six  Nati(^ns  for  a  rttrihuiion  in  lands  to  the 
fiifVcrlng  traders ;  their  anfwtri  and  the  above  articles 
of  the  ireatic;,  of  ptaic,  on  the  part  of  the  D,laxiaris, 
Shiiivncje  and  Minr^o  Inilians,  &c.  are  recorded  in  the 
oIliecoHhe  Lords  commilliomrs  for  trade  and  planta- 
tions, and  alfo  in  the  King's  council  ofliec  London. 

In  February,   ly'^y,   thty  met  with  the  entire  appro- 
bation of  thr  ih.n  S.crei  iry  of  Slate,  the  Earl  of  Shtl- 
burnc^  and  his  LordOiip  ligniiicd  the  fame  to  Sir  li'iUiani 
John/on^    Baronet. 
— -  ,  Here  it  mav  not  W'  nfelefs  to  remark,   that  the  6'Ac- 
rokce  and  Ci nk  N.uions  of  InJuinsy   being  indebted  to 
the  Engli/h  Indian  traders  in  greater  fums  than    they 
could  pr.y  '^  peltries,   and  being  dcfirous  to  difchargc 
their  debts,   they,  at   a   treaty  held  iu  ^ay,    1773,  at 
Augiijia^   in  the  province  oi  Georgia^  with  Mr.  Stuarf, 
Superlntendant  of  Indian   affairs  for   the  fouthern  de- 
partmem,  and  Sir  James  IVri^ht^  Baronet^  then  Go- 
vernor of  that  province,  fixed  a  boundary  line  by  treaty 
and  fold  to  the  King  of  England  all  the  ten^tory  com- 
prehended within  certain  limits,  defcribed  in  the  deed 
of  ceflion ;  and  at  the  fame  time  ceded  and  granted  to 
the  faid  King  a  confiderable  tra£l  of  country  upon  the 
frontiers  of  Georgia,  on  purpofe  that  the  fame  ihould 
be  fold,  anl  the  proceeds  of  fuch  fale  be  appropriated 
to  the  payment  of  their   debts  to  thefe   traders ;  and 
the  Governor  and  Council  of.  Georgia  were  appointed 
by  his  Britannic  Majefty  to  fell  the  lands  in  queftion,  to 
fettle  the  refpe^ivc  claims  of  the  traders,  and  difcharge 
the  fame  out  of  the  produce  of  fuch  falc,  couforiliable 


to  the  dcfiga  of  the  Indian  grantors,  j 


In 


It 


MMdi 


f 


bfcribed  hj 

Dctawaiest 
unauimoujly 

Uiain  'Johii" 
ands  to  the 
Dvc  articles 
Dt  IdwartSt 
rded  in  the 
jnd  plania- 
London. 
tire  appro- 
arl  of  Shtl- 
Sir  ll'ilUam 

lat  the  Chd' 
indebted  to 
than  they 
0  difchargc 

»773>  at 
r.  Stuart^ 

uthcru  dc- 
thcn  Go- 
e  by  treaty 
tory  com- 
tbc  deed 
ranted  to 
upon  the 
c  iliould 
ropriatcd 
ersi  and 
ppointed 
ftion,  to 
ifchargc 
tormsible 

In 


\ 


L   65    ] 

In  1766,  the  King's  fubjcifls  prefuming  to  Tetde  the 
lands  over  the  /illcgatty  Mountain^  while  the  Indians 
were  not  paid  for  them,  as  they  cxpe^ed  they  (hould 
have  been,  in  confcquencc  of  the  propoffd  boundary 
iine,  and  Sir  U'illiam  John/on* t  fpcech  to  them  in  April, 

1765, they  became  unfriendly,   killed  many  of  the 

Ring's  rubj.e^b,  and  threatened  a  general  war.  To 
prevent  this  public  calamity,  a  detachment  from  the 
King's  42d  regiment,  then  at  Fort  Pitt^  was  fent,  by 
order  of  General  dage,  to  remove  the  fcttlers  at  Red 
Stonf  Crcekf  Cheat  River ^  Sec.  but  the  exertions  of  this 
detachment  were  inetfetStual,  and  the  fettlers  remained 
tUcrc. 

On  the  7th  of  December  1  •j6j.  General  Gage  wrote 
the  Governor  of  Pennfylvania^  "  that  the  accounts  I 
*'  have  received  from  all  quarters  are  full  of  intelligence 
**  of  the  dilTatisfa<^ion  of  the  Indians.  Sir  tVilHam 
John/on  is  apprehenfive  of  an  immediate  rupture  with 
*hem.  The  infults  they  have  received  from  the 
♦i  .inticr  people,  chiefly  thfc  of  yirg'nia  and  the  ob- 
Ainacy  of  the  people,  who  pcrfift  to  fettle  on  their 
"  lands,  not  only  withoUt  their  confent^  but  in  con- 
**  tradidtion  to  their  warmed  remonftrances  and  the 
**  endeavours  that  have  been  ufed  to  remove  them, 
^*  I  perceive  to  be  the  mod  immediate  caufc  of  their 
"  difconient."  -     * 

On  the  5th  of  January  1768  the  Governor  of  P^tn- 
fylvania  acquainted  the  general  AHembly  of  that  Pro^ 
vince,  with  the  contents  of  general  Gage's  letter  and 
faid,  that  as  the  fteps  hitherto  taken  both  by  proclama- 
tions ifliied  in  purfuance  of  the  King's  commands,  and 
threats  of  exerting  a  military  force,  had  proved  inef-« 
fe^ual,  he  therefore  tailed  upon  the  Aflembly  to  re* 
tnedy  the  evil,  at  far  at  wat  in  their  potrer.  The  Af^ 
fembly,  in  a  mefikge  to  the  Governor  acquainted  him^ 


li 


«( 


<« 


'ir     '      !■ 


^'■■.  B. 


M 


^ 


1.. 


1! 


\i. . 


';.  >l! 


;i  ■  ■. 


'-•i 


1?  Hi 


lfI4" 


r 


66 


1 


'*  Wc  arc  afiurcJ  from  good  Informaiion,  thr\t  a  ^fm 
rdl  hcundiiry^  between  the  nativis  ami  ihcfe  colonies, 
has  been  fome  lime  pall  negociuteil  \\\\.\\  tlicm  by  Sii 
HU/Ihitu  Joh/i/oiif  ill  obetlitnce  to  his  Majefly's  orders; 
that  the  hundary  agreeil  on  will  be  tar  iliflant  from 
our  Ironiier  lettknicnis,  and  a  lariu  trael  of  countrv 
ivithin  it  will  thereby  bi'  ceded  H)  his  Miijtjty  for  a  va- 
luable conruler.uion ;  th.it  as  fome  time  has  elapfed, 
fince  the  agreement  was  niade  with  the  /mfinKs^  and 
in  the  n-ic.in  time  the  people  (mi  the  frontiers  have  been 
encroaching  on  their  Iand5,  while  the  boundary  re- 
mains iinconfnmed,  and  the  /mliuns  unlatisfied  for 
their  country,  they  ire  become  v.  ry  uneajy,  and  jea- 
lous there  is  no  defign  to  ratify  and  contirm  it:  To 
obviate  which  caufe  or  their  dilVontcnt,  and  effectually 
ro  crtablifh  between  them,  and  his  Majcfty's  fubjcfts,  a 
durable  peace,  we  arc  of  opinion,  that  a  fpcedy  con- 
firm'ition  of  the  boiUkdary,  an  J  i'  Jujl  fatis/aflion  made 
to  them  for  th<rir  laads.  on  this  fide  of  it,  arc  abfc^ 
lutcly  neceflary." 

On  the  ryth  of  January,  1768,  the  Speaker  of  the 
Aflembly  and  the  Committee  of  Ct)rrcfpondence  of 
Pennfylvania  wrote,  by  order  of  the  Houfc,  to  Richard 
Jack/on  and  Benjamin  Frankiifit  Efqrs.  Agcnts^  for  the 
province,  a'  the  Court  of  Great  Britain,  **  That  ilic 
non  cftablKhment  of  a  boundary  negociated  about  three 
years  ago,  by  his  Majefty's  orders  to  Sir  JViiiiam  Jrhri" 
foriy  between  thefc  colonies  and  the  Indian  country,  is' 
a  caufe  of  Indian  jealoufy  and  diflatisfa^ion  j  the  de- 
lay of  the  confirmation  of  the  boundary,  the  natives 
have  warmly  complained  of,  and  although  they  have 
received  no  confidcration  for  the  lands  agreed  to  bi 
ceded  to  the  croivn,  on  our  fide  of  the  boundary,  yet 
that  its  lubjedts     re  daily  fettling  and  occupying  thefc 

rcry  lands."         "'^^        "^^ 

On 


:-i«&^- 


^; 


i 


thr\t  a  gfm 
cfc  colonics, 
thcin  by  Sii 
cfly's  orders; 
ilifliint  from 
t  of  countrv 

• 

;//)•  for  a  va- 
hus  cl.ipfcd, 
ffufinnSf  and 
;rs  have  been 
oundiry  rt- 
il.itisfied  for 
ly,  and  jca- 
iHrm  it:  To 
id  effectually 
r's  fubjefts,  a 

fpccdy  con- 
fatlion  made 

t,  are  abfo'^ 

leaker  of  the 
ondcnce  of 
to  Richard 
nit  for  the 
♦  That  the 
about  three 
Hiam  Jrhrt" 
ountryy  is* 
i  the  de- 
he  natives 
they  have 
reed  to  be 
dary,  yet 
ying  \h.c(G 

On 


<( 

<t 
(( 


(( 
(< 

u 

(t 
n 
a 


[    67    ] 

On  the  6il\  of  May,  1768,  the  Six  Nations  made  a 
fpccch  at  Fort  Pitt^   to  the  King's  Deputy  Superiutea- 
danf,  of //;</m//  Jiffiiii's,   and  faid: 
Brothor, 
It  is  not  without  grief,  that  We  fee  our  country  fct- 
tU'd  by  you,   without  our  knowledge  or  confent,   and 
it  is  ?.  long  time  fince  we  firft  complained  to  you  of  this 
grievance.     They    fubjoined,   *•  The  fetilers   iiraft  be 
*•   removed    from  our  lands,   as,   v.h^  /ook  upon  it,  they 
**   will  have  time  enough  to  jcttU  thenty   when  you  have 
*'  purihafed  themt  nnd  the  country  iu\otnes  yours"       < 
On  the  31ft  of  May,    1768,   the  General  Aflcmbly 
of  Virginia  being  met,   the   Prefident  of  his  Majefty's 
Council    CJ^hn  Ulairy   Efq;j   oj  encd  the  feflions   with 
the  following  y/r^". 7;; 

**   Gentlemen  of  the   Council,   Mr.    Speaker,   and 

**  Gentlemen  of  the  Houfc  of  Burgefles, 
**  Our  laic  worthy  Governor  having  defigned  to 
meet  you  here  at  this  time,  itie  reafons  of  that  his 
intention  having  been  rcconlldercd  by  mc  in  coun- 
cil, atul  the  obje(Sks  for  your  confideration  he  had  to 
lay  before 'you,  having  been  judijed  to  be  of  fuch 
importance  to  the  honour  and  fervice  of  his  Majcfty; 
to  rhe  fecurity,  cafe  and  happiuefs  of  the  people,  that 
*'  I  was  advifed  (as  the  adminiOration  devolved  on 
me)  to  renew  the  proclamation  for  your  meeting. 
"  By  letters  from  his  Excellency  General  Gage^ 
Commander  in  Chief  of  his  Majcfly*s  forces,  and 
from  Sir  William  John/on ^  Superintendant  of /nc/m/i 
affairs,  (which  I  fliall  caufc  to  be  laid  before  you) 
it  will  appear,  that  a  fet  of  meo  regardlefs  of  the 
laws  of  natural  juilice,  unmindful  of  the  duties  they 
owe  to  fociety,  and  in  contempt  of  royal  proclama- 
tions, have  dared  to  fettle  them/elves  upon  the  lands 
near  Red-'Stone  Creek  and  Cheat  River^  which  are 

'  THE 


■  *v '  . 


■k. 


--?^ 


»*!?; 


i__^^ - 


N: 


," ...  ( 


-1  :  •  i 


[v 


iP'i 


U 


1(f 


r: 


■h 


f  ■, 


m 


(1  -iji 


«■ 


'!  »■ 


I  ' 


[    68    ] 


cc 

44 
•  C 


y^ 


if 


f 


i 


(!. 


ii 


// 


.» 


:f 


**     T  MR    PnorF-RTT    OF    T  H  T.    INDIANS;   und   IlOtwith- 

**  Aaniiiog  the  repeated  warninj;i  of  the  danger  of  (ui  li 
l.iwl  -fs  pr-^CJedings,  and  the  Itridt  ami  Ipiritid  in- 
i'Uici.ur.^  '  '  theni  to  delilt,  and  ijnlt  ihcir  unjuft  pof- 
'  ':  '  ilu'v  nil!  remain  unmoved,  and  lltni  to 
Ucv  'III  iid.rs  and  even  powers  of  i^overnnient." 
As  iv)t»n  as  Richard  Jinkfon  and  Benjamin  Frankltn, 
FJqrs.  received  tlu-  foregoing  in(\ru«^buns  from  the 
Gjneral  Allembly  of  P,  nnf^liKinuty  (p.  66)  the/  waited 
on  ilie  //M'/(/^'Sierctary(>f State,  and  ihcwed  iheneccflity 
z>\  immetliite  orders  heing  fmt  to  the  Snperintcndant  of 
J/iJijn  alFairs  for  finilliing  the  boundary  line,  which 
had  been  hei;un  in  the  year  1764. 
>*5tanwi^./^  In  the  fpring  of  the  year  176B,  Sir  JVilliam  Johnfcn 
{']i9.  received  the  King's  commands  and  inftru<flions  to  com- 

plete the  purchafc  of  the  lands  from  t!ie  Jlkgany 
Mountain  to  the  River  Ohio  ;  &e.  and  accordingly  he  gave 
the  earlieft  notice  thereof  to  the  governments  of  Virgi- 
nia^ Pennfylvania^  Nc'v  Jcrfcy^  &c.  and  to  the  Six 
Nations  and  the  Delaivan'Sy  and  other  Indians  rcfiding 
upou  the  river  Ohio^  and  appointed  a  Congrefs  to  be 
held  with  them  in  the  autumn,  (for  the  purpofe  of 
canning  the  King^s  orders  into  execution)  at  Fort  Stan- 
nviXi  in  the  province  of  Ni'w  York. 

In  December,  1768,  ylrthur  LeCf  Efq;  late  Com- 
xniflioner  to  the  Court  of  France^  fom  the  United 
States  of  North  y^meriea,  prcfented  a  petition  to  fhc 
King  o( Engiand'in  Council,  praying,  in  the  following 
words,  on  behalf  of  himfelf  and  fony-.iinc  other  gentle- 
men :  "  That  your  Msyefty  would  grant  to  his  pctition- 
**  ers,  to  be  fifty  in  number,  by  the  name  of  the  Mijfifip- 
*'  pi  Company,  two  millions  and  five  hundred  thoufand 
**  acres  of  Und,  in  one  or  more  furveys  to  be  located 
f*  or  laid  off  between  the  thirty-eighth  2indi  forty-fecond 
f  degrea  of  north  latitude^  the  ^"lUegany  Mountain  to 

"  the 


4-y 


•^'f,.  '-^jm:^ 


:-«^4 


-■/ '  j^  fe„^ 


ind  notwith- 
in^;«.r  of  (ut  h 
il  fpirited  iii- 
ir  uiijuft  pof- 
and  Utm  to 
vcrnnitnt." 
nin  Franklin, 
IS  from  I  lie 
tilt/  waited 
the  ncccflu) 
intcndant  of 
line,   which 

Ham  John  fen 

ions  to  com- 

l!ic    JlU'gnnx 

iiigly  he  gave 

tits  of  I'trgi- 

to   the  Six 

ms  rcfidinn 

^refs  to  be 

pur  pole  of 

Fort  Star.- 


[   69   ] 

the  eajlivariif  and  thence  weflward  to  the  dividing  Um 
(the  running  of  which  your  Majefiy  has  been  lately 
<♦  pleaieil  to  order)  and  that  your  petitioners  Ihall 
iiave  liberty  of  holding  thefc  huuls  tv;clve  years,  or 
any  <;reaicr  mimber  that  your  M.ijclly  iliail  approve 
(after  furvcy  ol  them  be  made  and  returned)  clear 
**  of  all  impolition  money,  ijuit  rents  or  ta:;cs;  and 
that  your  petitioners  Ihall  be  obliged  to  feat  the  iaid 
Innds  within  twelve  years,  with  two  hundred  fauil- 
lies  at  Icai^,  if  not  interrupted  by  the  Savages,  or 
iome  foreign  enemy,  ami  return  the  furvey  thereof 
to  fuch  office  as  your  AlaJe/Iy/hnll  be  plea/ed  to  dirctJ, 
otherwife  to  forfeit  the  grant. 

**  Your  petitioners  humbly  hope,  that  your  Ma- 
jefty  may  be  gracioufly  pleai'ed  to  grant  thefe  favor- 
able terms  in  confideration  of  the  heavy  charges, 
great  expencc,  dangers,  hardihips  and  riiljues  they 
**  muft  ncceirarily  incur  in  the  exploring,  lurveying 
•*  and  fettling  ims  nisi  ant  Countrvj  and  be- 
"  caufe  it  appears  from  realon  and  experience,  that 
"  large  iradts  of  land  taken  up  by  companies,  may  be 
'*  retailed  by  them  to  individuals  much  cheaper  //;,;;; 
'*  the  latter  ean  obtain  them  from  the  eroivny  cmbar- 
'*  ralfed  as  fuch  individuals  muft  be  with  the  charges 
arifmg  from  the  Iblicitation  of  patents,  n\aking  fur- 
veys,  and  other  contingent  expenccs,  together  with 
the  dirticalty  the  poorer  fori  are  under  from  their 
ignorance  of  the  proper  methods  to  be  purfnedy  as 
well  as  their  inability  to  advance  ready  money  for 
fuch  purpofesi  wlurcas  from  companivs,  they  have 
only  to  receive  their  conveyances  ^without  any  pre- 
vious expence,  and  are  indulged  with  credit  till  their 
induftry  enables  them  to  make  payments;  a  method 
fo  encouraging,  that  it  cannot  fail  of  anfwering  the 
intention  of  fpecdily  populating  this  your  Majeft^s 
>    "  '*   territory 


(( 
(( 
(( 
t< 
<< 


t{ 
It 

f( 

u 

(( 


!:■ 


.«? 


I 
!     r 

i 

i 


J  I 


I';;''  '«"< 


Jf: 


*! 


,t! 


«i 

4( 
Ci 
i( 
(C 

(( 
it 

<t 
(( 

(I 
f  i 
<( 
(( 
{( 

C( 

<( 

<( 

C( 

(( 
<( 
<( 
<{ 
(( 
it 
(< 
(t 
t( 
t( 
<{ 


territDry^  />  .tj  /3  At-  profitable  to  the  Cfiwiu  and 
ulrful  to  the  fiiite.  Ai)d  though  aittnipts  to  Icitle  m 
thisv.y,  have  lonictinics  tailed  in  tht  h.iIul^  ol  ^1 
tlc)  .•  r.  ;>ulli.lH:d  ot.irtlui.nt  fortunes,  in  coal.  <\\ 
ot  an  ii.dolcncc  and  i;iaticniii)n  tVcoucni!\  .it  ..  ,! 
pciiona  ia  fiich  circiitnlLiMCCS,  tfpcci.iliv  u|.t  .  :  .; 
excited  by  the  prol'-jicct  of  iiamcJi  ite  .i:iJ  roi.n 
bic  j)rotit;  yet  the  greater  part  01  tht  preict  au  .  .- 
turcrs  being  ot"  got^d  tuni  i.    ,    .isui  e.):il!  .ci  ihle   in- 


>»<    !■ 


in 


tl 


ucn».e  in   the    co mti n  ^    w  he 


tlu'V     Ii\e 


ihcnu!h 


polUikd  oi  hut  niudi  I  lie  I  :M'i.   ,    luiiuined,    Ironi 


the  goodnefs  ot  tlu  toil  a;u!  i  Innate  '/  .'A.  I'jU'itrv, 
/v ,;'.■-/  t>ie  Af^u'itiU'is^  to  b.lieve,  that  by  a  proper 
appUcation  ot  their  money  and  induttrv,  they  itial! 
acquire  a  ture  and  happy  provifion  tor  their  chil- 
dren; which  pleallng  prolpcet,  animated  with  a  view 
of  pubhc  utility,  will  toiiduct  all  their  allairs  with 
that  fpirited  allidiiity,  which,  only  in  matters  ot 
danger  and  ditfieiilty,  can  inlnre  furcels.  In  pur- 
fuance  ot  thi;»  I'evcral  oi  the  meinbers  are  deter- 
mined to  be  themtelves  among  the  firtl  lettlcrs;  /A 
<ii\jrnr/s  and  preoccupiVics  of  the  lands,  within 
THLiK  Rt=;pFciivi.  CoioNiLs,  rendering  it  im- 
practicable to  make  a  proper  landed  provilion  for 
ihcir  numerous  families  ;  a  circumliancc  which  be- 
gins already  to  reftrain  early  marriages,  and  there- 
fore fpecdy  population.  In  confideration  of  the 
reafons'Tieie  offered,  your  petitioners  moil  humbly 
pray  your  Maje{}:y  will  be  gracioufly  pleafed  to  grant 
their  humble  requeft  aud  as  iu  duty  bound  your  pe- 
titioners will  evpr  pray. 


The  Hon.  Prefley  Thornton.   Stephen  Sayrc. 
The  Hon.  BcneditSt  Calvert.    Richard  Henry  Lee. 
Thomas  Ludwcll  Lee. 


Thomas  Gumming. 


Col,  George  Walhington. 
Colonel  Adam  Steven. 


"rancis 


[    71    ] 


s  to  IcttU'  in 
iiid>  ol  ^ 

UMl.  i|l>>  il<  ; 

)     •'"     ■•  \'- 

i  roi.ii 

\  i ,  iliuuih 
i.cd,  liom 
'/♦.  ( ountr\-f 
)y  a  pri)ptr 
,  ilu-y  lliall 
iluM*  chil- 
witli  .1  view 
III. 1 1  IS  wiih 
matters  ot 
111  pur- 
rc  dftcr- 
tlcrs;  //'. 
"WITHIN 

ing  it  im- 

ovifioii  for 

which  be- 

aiul ihtiL- 

n  .  of  the 

I  humbly 

d  to  grant 

your  pe- 


Lce. 

alhington. 
Steven. 
Francis 


Thomas  Simpfon. 
WilHam  Flood. 
William  Boi  ckcnborough. 
Rev.  Hen.  Addifon,  A.M. 
Robert  Woodrop. 


Francis  Lightfoot  Lee. 

Ca[)t  .tin  William  Fitzhugh. 

Fratuis  Thornton. 

Anthony  Stuart. 

William  Lee. 

AnhurLee,M  D.FR.S.     John  Baylor. 

|.  Auguflinc Walliington.      Bernard  Moore. 

Hetny  Kitzhiigh. 

Satnucl  Watliini^ton. 

W.  Fitzlnigh  oi  Marmion. 

William  Brcrt. 

W.  Fit /Hugh  of  Somerlet. 

Richard  Parker. 

William  Booth. 

l)ece:nber,    1768. 


Ralph  Wormcley. 
Warnci   Lewis,  jun. 
Mann  Page. 
John  Alexander. 
Cutlibert  Bullitt. 
Henry  Royer. 
John  Turbervillc. 
Arthur  Lco%    Agent. 


On  tlie  b;    k  of  this  petition  is  cndorfed  thefc  words 
and  figures:         i  6th  December,    ;  768. 

Read  and  referred  to  a  Committee. 

0th  March,    i  "6y. 

Kt.id  at  the  Comn.ittcc,   uuti  referred  to  the 

Board  of  1  radc. 

W^e  ftiall  make  but  one  Ihoi  t  obfervatioii  upon  this 

petition.      It  fpeaks  for  itfelf,   and  Ihcvs  s,   that  the  re- 

Ipcifhiblc  petitioners    (moftly  Virginians )  were  not  of 

the  number  of  thofe  gentlemen  in  Virginia^   who  now, 

without   the  leaft  reafon  or  juftice,  affcrt,— that   the 

"  dijiant   ountry,  "  over  the   Jllegany  Mountain,   is 

within  that  government.  • 

On  the  24th  of  O^obcr,  i  j 60 f  the  Congrr/s  at  Fort 
Stan-wix  was  opened.  Prefei^to 

The   Honorable   Sir    William    John/on^    Baronet,     his 

Majefty's  Superintendant  of  Indian  affairs. 
His    Excellency    HVliam  frauklin,  Efqj  Governor  of 
New  Jcrfer.        ^  i  !>  / 

,-1  w  ..:'\-4'^" '<'':,  Thomas 


•* 


♦■  \ 


J 

»  > 

i' 

1, 

» 

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t       72      J 

Thomas  H'alkcry  Efq;  Commiflioner  for  the  colony 
ot  Virginia. 

Hon.     Frederick  Smifh,    Chief  Jurticc  of  AVir  Jcrfcy. 

Richard  Piter iy    ^Llqrs.    of  the  Council    ot    Pennjjl- 

Jamrs  Til^hnian^y       vania. 

Geoigc  Croi;han,^Eftirs.     Deputy    Agents    of    Indian 

Daniel  Claus,        3      affairs. 

Guy  Johnfon,  Eftji  Deputy  Agent,  and  aif^ingas  Secreta- 
ry, withfiindry  Gcnilcmeii  from  the  different  colonics. 

Jo  hn  Biitlcr,   VA'c[\  "J 

Mr.  Amlrcu  Montour,  S  Interpreters  for  the  Crown. 

rhiiip  Philips,  J 

Indian   Chiefs  prfcnt. 
Onahdap'jcs* 
The  Bunt. 
Ti'wirntt. 
Di.ivii'anda. 
i  awalhughts, 
&c.    &c.    &£• 


Mcha'ojhs, 
Abraham, 
Kanadagaya. 
Kendrick. 
Aroghiaccka 
Kayen.;ueregoa. 
Tobarihoga. 
Anohario,   &c. 


Sen  re  as. 
Cauftrax. 
Odcngoi,  &c- 


Oneidas. 
Canaghquiefoa. 
Nicholafera. 
Scniighlis. 
Gajuheta. 
Tagawaron,  &ct. 


CajugaSt 
Tagaaia. 
Shanaradv. 
Atrawawna,  &c« 


Shawnefe* 
Beneviilica< 


Tufiaroras. 
Saquareefcra. 
Kanigot. 
Tyagawehc,  &c. 


'if 


Dela 'wares. 
killbuck. 
Turileheart. 


The  whole  AfTembly  bcihg  feated,  Mr.  Walker  rofe, 
and  delivered  to  Sir  IVilliam  Johnfon  his  authority  to  fit 
and  a£t  as  Commiffioner  for  Virginia,^,^  ^ 


'•>„        ■-«*- 


I 


the   colony 

Vriv  Jfr/ry. 
oi    PennJ)l- 

i    of    Indian 

gas  Sccrcta- 
entcolonicb. 

he  Crown. 


Scnrcns. 
ilrax. 
igoi,  &c. 


Iiiiroras. 
jircefcra. 
[ot. 


'^ 


^'warfs. 

leaft. 

\lker  rofc, 
rity  to  £t 


I     73    ] 


<( 


John 


|<«     loFlN 


Bl  AI 


,o, 


V 


KtSIDFNT    OF    HIS 


M 


Ajrs- 


I   Y  's    Cc<  V  N  C  I  I.  ,     A  N  D  Co  M  M  A  S  iJ  t  U     IN    C  H  I  t  F 
I.'  \    T  H  I.    C  ol  ON  y    AN  n    I'OM  I  N  ION   OP  V'l  h  C.  I  N  1  A, 


II  B 


'i'o    Thomas  Wm  ki  r,  K>>(^. 


.t"   tl 


Ml  nil-    ol    tiic    j)u\vii-  anil  aiitlionty  to   me 


(> 


tnmiitiJ,  .lb  I'uliJcnt  of  his  Majcfty's  C( 


)UI1- 


I"   til,    .iiid  Cotriiii.iiuli  1  111  C'lrut  in  and  over  this  colo- 
ny .mil  doiniiiKM)  OI    /  //^';/'.-.;,    1   tlo   hcTiby  appoint 
you  the  laid   Th'jW.is    li\ilkcf ,,    to    rr  Comni//ic.niT  cf 
I  o  SI    III  !•:    .1   r'ii'\.\ir\  lint  between  this 


(t 


t( 


(I 


n 


n 


(( 


l( 


t( 


,rtniii. 


colonv 


nil.  tin.-  I'oliJtntS  () 


.t"f 


<•// 


f^n/vh 


(2nta  du 


d  M. 


irv' 


,'r;./,  .mJ  tht'  /iri  /  ^ii  njti'ns  of  hi  J  i  jus  lOin/rnrJ. 
Vuu  .lie  rn|iiir(  d  U)  attend  .it  ;i  C'^ngnjs  to  be  held 
for  that  piirpore,  w-.J^r  thr  dirrFl'rjn  of  Sir  H'llliam 
]-'-:/LHf  .ii;reeal'le  tc  !iiii  Majclty's  inftiuctions,  irhsn 
,  .,  .:n  /'/  /,;v  .?  .'?a'  rryiirJ  to  tht  mtcrcji  cf  his  Md^ 
j' jhy  .md  luch  iiuti  uclioiib  as  you  fliaii  receive  fiom 
inc. 


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«.l'^  !ik.L\vilc  w.lcunu-  you  lurt.      J. if, 


COI'il*.!*.  I  .1. 


iioi   r 


:\.)\i 


■I  i  .iiiu   lilt  ll.  r 


U    W.l 


U.i.tlu   I 


n    nuiiiii 


i>L"tl;i'>c.    ti>    i\tii.!i     ivi.iu,    li..i\n>'   ill.  Il   :'M!tAMUi; 
lOMin  :iro!.i  t.s  Oil  1\  h.ilt"  o\    i 


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1  \   .11  ki.li   ;ii  1  v,    >\  li.>  I.  '\ 


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\OU,     !ili  !l   .1>   .l!\    f.M     ih» 


MCMll 


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VtH'  I'  \\  hon.  mr.r. 


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to 


>r  \  oi'v  1  h ; 


\\  ll   Vi  t     Ulll^vMTI. 


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l.lt    t'lu 


I 


,r>     .ll'.O  I    lU'  iiUa 
•         I         I 


hi  Lw  .1 .1  liis  j\  t>| 


.i;.>!  v'lur  ;  .lul  i!.  t  \, ,  th.  n  ii^i  c .  ; 
tO;;tilu;,  !i  M.  !  Miu  I'. Ill  o!  tint  i.,u  lliMuiJ  u;ii,  N^^htl.- 
t  ^  i  I'  I  Ik    I  iiiii   c.ii'K    W)  i>v'  1.  :i!i  A. 

^  ou  .i!l,  I  .'.;!!  hoj'i  hil,  iiii'luvt  llii  it'ilfor.s  I  tlicr^ 
^.i\i  yon  tor  ir.akin:'.  i..,h  .;  r  /<-../../ v;  lUNcrthfli-fs,  I 
fh.iii  .i^.'.iiii  i\,ii.',!  tl.v  -i:  \  I'll  kiiow,  biiiUua,  i!i.i; 
tilt  ^  111  ri'.u  liUK  uis  .'■;.'.'  r-.'.r  .'.;/;. /.f  li.;\c  bci  a  ;il\v.U' 
uiw  oi  \  o'.iv  piiiu  IjmI  !uit',i.*cts  ot  I  oni,)i.iiiit ;  .u.il  'h  t. 
lo  t.u  .'is  iiioulil  i>v  doiii',  w:;ili  .ivoi.rs  have  not  l>vi  ii 
vaniiiiii  li)r  vo'M-  o'.M.iiaia^^  iciIilIs.  i'ut  il  w.is  a  ilit- 
ruiilit.ilk,  aiul  gi'iK  r.illy  Ui.l'iu  clIVUiI  i  tnr,  .ihlimiL:!i 
llu'  pro\liu\s  hi\L'  boaiKls  bitwtxa  caiii  other,  fAtVt 
lire-  ):o  certain  h'y.fuls  bit\vcr)i  tlhtu  .nut  you :  an'. 
tlKieby,  aot  on\  iV\cial  of  our  people,  igr.oraiu  i:i 
Indian  atFairs,  have  advanced  loo  i:\Y  it:!',  ycur  country^ 
but  alio  many  of  your  own  people,  through  the  want 
of  i\u  ll  a  line,  have  bfcn  dt\'tivcd  in  the  fulcs  they  h.iiu 
madt.,  or  in  the  limits  tliey  have  fei  to  our  rdpcvftivc 
claims.  'liiij,,  hretlucn,  is  \  lad  cafe,  which  has  frc- 
qutntly  given  us  much  trouble,  and  turned  many  ei 
ytnir  heads;  but  it  is  likely  to  continue  fo,  until  foirc 
bouiuls  are  agreed  to,  (\\c<\  upon,  and  made  public  he 
twtcn  us.  The  great,  the  good  King  of  England^  \w) 
luaftcr,  whofe  friendlhip  and  tender  regard  for  your 
interelh  I  wUh  yoTr  may  ever    hold  in   remembrance, 

ha^, 


liv 

l.llll 

h.iiK 

i!ie  ' 
ninu 


T 

tile  Y 
any 
then 
thinl 
able 
T 
pcati 
a  111 


w 


.  rt.      liif^i- 
.»!    ^.  .liii  vl  .f 

[>\    iMinnt  I  , 
L    :,t  II  A  iiu  i\ 


Oic  I.  o; '.tv  i!.  - 
ill.  M    ll^lCv    ! 


\t.  rtlitlifs,  I 
*.iUu:i,  ih.V, 
b^^ii  ;il\v.iy«. 
.Ual  th  f. 
\ .  not  !\  1. 1> 
w.is  a  ilir- 


I     75     1 


Tl 


li.i>;,   .inioni't    otlicr  iMtt.iiK.i)    of  h!^    g.^o-liu  !'>;,    .iftei* 

Ion;'  i!i-!,l)v.r  ition   (mi  foiuc   nu.iiis  fui    v«)iii  i\litt,    </»;>/ 

/     : '  ..".ii-'if.i/i'-    /..t'lfc    i^'^.'^iitis    ( '.n,  (  r>:n:r    linJi%     at 

;.   IV'tll     J'-.l    »lv(.il     Upon     llXMlg     I     .].   >'i  >■}.'    !'.'  luli'.l,     /,'.   t    bw- 

bv      1)  l)i>  hil>|vct>  ukI  vou,    .liiJ  ill  tt  <n  iiuh  a  ui.inncr 

'liill    h,    iKn't  .I'.McuMi.  lo  yo',1  •,    in    lonl.ipuiKC  ot* 

«      .  h,    1  hive   iii\ivi\i  l»i.s  I  ov  i!  inin:v.  iiuK  lo  call  you 

I       ilu:     Ittr  ilu'  crtab'.illinKiit  ili   it-ol",   .\\\\\  ajtvi   iC/i- 

.  ',    .•    -  i. '•    /'•<•  i";u-nnn,  nf)  it.!  tt/.'.\i  /•./•«;<;:';,    yJ^i 

■  *  * "  *  - 

'..:;•  /.<•  iu/^rt   \cu  t '\    (''r:u  rnor  >"  th:  Jitjrxs^    the  ccm- 


\  u 


I  :•■:>'.•;//.',;(  r.f    // .-,  •'; 


'■    ///  '^>!\l 


f 


<Ut'  .}> 


t!uT, 


/Atvt 


you:  and 
gnorani  i:i 
i/r  country^ 
li  the  want 

rcl"pe*5tivc 
ch"  has  fle- 
et many  i  : 
until  rone 
public  bC' 

for  voui 


leni 


bra 


ncf,| 
hu.:f, 


t'.i  '<!  luh~:!J  '/  t'\:/  /i  ;,,li:-^ 
y  :••/».?>:.  »..'.,  .>t  ih.n  i\  I- I'utions  ro  pay  (.'.i.t  rci;  u\l  to 
\\\\.a  I'll  ill  !ti.  now  (..iUi\il  into  :  thi.  pr.Unv  c  ot  lo  ma- 
iiv  .;u  It  ni(.n  -.;•/// i,/>  <  .;  l.incli'H  /:  //w'  tr.rijti.'fi'.Hf  anJ 
(..nil*.  iIk  lainv;  to  b.  known  as  f.u-  .45  the  A';j;//7/Miainc 
iMuivis.  Mis  Maj^lty  has  «.lirc6c\l  rne  to  give  you  1 
lianilionK  pioofot"  liis  gencrofitv,  fr:/  ^rf.OL'J  to  thr  tia- 
:i,K-  jii !  t  \fcn:  i/"  'vh.tt  LniJ,  Jl\ill  f\i!l  /;  /•/•?/,  Upon 
the  whoh,  I  Iu)pc  th  It  your  ih  liberations  will  be  una- 
nimous, and  your  rcfoluiions  futh,  as  his  majcih'  n^ay 
conlidcras  proofs  of  your  gratitude  for  all  his  fa\ours. 

.V  Jiui'  )U"iu  fjclt. 
Brethren, 

The  importance  of  thcs  affair  now  before  us,  requires 
ilk  Hiol^  fcrious  attention,  I  will  not  burthen  you  with 
any  other  fubieifl  until  this  is  generally  fettled;  and 
tlurcfore  wc  Ih.iil  adii)urn,  that  vou  niav  ha\e  lime  to 
thinlc  of  it,  and  come  fully  prepared  to  give  an  agree- 
able anfwer. 

Then  ,V/>n?/'i2m,  a  Chief  of  the  Mohaivksy  after  re- 
peating what  Sir  H'lUiam  Johujhn  had  faid,  addreflcJ 
li.in  thus, 

Brother, 

We  give  you  thanks  for  what  you  have  faid  to  us  at 


.  1 


tl 


us 


■  I  •: 


1^  •    -I 


•    II' 


^ 


\'' 


[    -f    ] 

this  time-,  It  IS  a  wrijjjuy  ntV.iir,  anJ  wc  fli.dl,  ai»rc\- 
nM.  \o  your  liehi'i ,  t.ikc  it  into  «>m  moll  icrious  ton- 
fiJtr.niofi.  \Vf  .irv  gUtl  tf\it  h  tn.i',\  i;n,ii  turn  ,u\-  .;/- 
fi-ml>!:J  tr  tuAf  'difmji  cf  the  travfiictiOK  ,  ami  wc  air 
DOW  vi  InUfd  (o  I  Ltirt  rul  i  onlwlt  on  a  pin|Hr  anlWci  to 
bv    'iNin  lo  all  vou  Invt  laij;    .i-nl  I'o  hion  a^   u\   have 


ai^r     (J  ii,>>)ii  ii,    we  fliall 
a^.iin  allVmhL  and  n'lal:* 
ill  nuu  h  ohlklid    t<'  \     ;., 


;ivv   \   )u  t.oiit  ».,    iJMt  \v«.    m.iy 
known  to  vou ;    and  wi   ,\\\ 


ili.u  \o 


u  1 


to  ti 


i's 


It.  >l     ikl..ir 


a.'ont  at   t!ii>  mnt 


I, 


\\\\x 


Ud 


that 


n<  lo 


UIH 


II,. .ids   n.i^ht  not  b.  hn,  ijj 


d 


d  liuni    it   Iv. 


ni.  n(.a  oi  i!  \  Li  ltd 
aitciidinp  to  .mv  tliin.-  tdV. 

A  dcpuiat  «)n  tjuni  llu  i/v  A./Z.-'.-rt  waited  upon  S'l 
Jl'illuiyn  y:h'!pn  .indinronncd  him,  lijat  a^ '•.'r/'aiul -i<t/  ri- 
crot\\\(\\  A.;//;'/  w  uild  attend  liim  Am\  ilclivir  their^"/;.;/ 
rcfol\(.s  which  (liould  he  inav'  /<.*','•<•,  to  nioirow.  A 
^nap  being  laid  before  liicm,  i  cyobftivnl  thai  wjj.u 
they  had  to  fay,  w^rc  the  //;;<;/  iilol\^b  ot  all  the  A  ;- 
t:c).Sy  aiul  added  that  they  would,  ai»reeablc  to  thtir 
juft  riglu,  begin  the  ////«•  at  the  Chcroki.  nvcr^  Cs:c. 
{I'iJi.  The  hunJjritS  in  thtir  grant  to  the  King)  this 
tliev  did,  they  delivered  as  their  linal  determinations, 
fuhj.'il  to  Jcvcral  coiuiiticns  for  the  feturity  of  their 
jiotlVllions;    anJ  cngiiQemrnts  entered  into. 

AT  a  general  Congr'efs  hchi  at  Fort  Stanivix  with 
the  Six  jWitionr  and  other  InJianSf  on  TuejJiy 
November  the  I  ft,    i-68. 

nil^SLN T,  as  at  the  former  Meeting. 
The  Indian^  being  all   feated,    they  deilred  to  know, 
whether  Sir  JFilliam  wa*.  prepared  to  hear  them  ;    anJ 
on  being  anfwercd  in  the  allirmative,  ihc  fp^eakcr  ftood 
11  n,    and  Ipokc  as  follows  : 
Brother, 
We  arc  hopeful  that  you  will  not  take  it  amifs  that 

ytc  have  delayed  till  now  our  public  aufwcr  oii  the  iub- 

iect 


ajK" 


[    77    ] 


null,  agrcc- 

Iciious  coii- 

/  fut'n  arc  .;/'- 

ami  wi-  air 

per  .iiilwti  to 

1    .IS     \Vv    ll.lVf 

ili.U  \vv  m.iy 
i  and  >M  ,\\\ 
incttil  us  1(1 
iiu,  ih.u  oiii 
.1  lioni    it    I), 


;f{. 


ircii  upon  8m 

i;/ am!  -id/ 1  i- 

k'cr  \\\c\Yjituil 

iioiriuv.       A 

il    dial   what 

J"  all  the  A;- 

Wc    to    thtir 

nvcr.    Sic. 

:  King)   this 

rmin.itious, 

ity  of  ihtii 

Univix  with 
»n    TucjJty 

ling. 

|j  u)  know, 
them  ;  anJ 
{iikcr  flood  I 


amifs  that 
\i\  the  i'ub- 
jtct 


Icvi  VAu  recommended  to  us;  this  was  .*  incar  and 
Weighty  matter,  rcijuirinj;  long  iklibri  at:«»n,  and  ihould 
not  be  undLitakcii  li<',htly,  wc  have  ac(i>rding!y  con- 
li.K  TCtl  it,  and  arc  now  come  to  give  yo  owv  fnul  ro- 
j.jliitions  tliercoii,  to  \vjji(  !i  \vc  be  '  vour  aitcntioa. 
lirother, 
We  reiiKiiiber,  tl»  at  on  our  frjf  meeting  with  you, 
\shcn  you  tame  'juith your  Jbij^  we  kindly  rtceivtd  you, 
tMtertainid  you,  and  entered  into  an  a'lianic  with  you, 
t>'<jitrj'  'a*  wcrt'  thin  ^rcat  and  nunwrou',  and  your 
people  inicnJiJiTuHc'  aiul  ivt'iik  ,-  and  we  know  tJiat  we 
t!!icred  ii.lo  a  iorcnant  ihain  of  bark  with  yon,  and 
lAJlcnfd  \  Air  fiAp  thirc'with ;  but  being  .ippi'-'henfive  tlic 
hark  would  break,  and  your  Ihip  be  loft,  wc  mjfde  ffvr 
ff  lr:\  and  iield  it  fall,  that  it  thouKl  not  flip  from  us; 
but  pcneiving  the  former  chain  was  liable  to  ru/f^  wc 
made  i  ll'.ver  chain  to  guard  a^ainlt  it.  T/.\  r.  lirothcTf 
von  arole,  renewed-  th.u  chain,  whii ji  bigan  to  look 
dull,  and  have  tor  many  years  taken  care  of  our  affairs 
hv  the  command  of  ilie  great  King,  and  vck,  />;•  your 
i.ihour^,  have  pel i Mud  that  chain;  fo  that  it  has  look- 
ed brii'ht,   and    is   become  known  to  all  naii( 


>.| 


ions:   for 

all  which,  we  fliall  ever  regard  you,  and  we  are  thank- 
ful to  you,  in  thai  you  have  taken  fuch  care  ol  thefc 
great  affairs,  of  which  we  are  always  minJf\il,  and  wc 
do  now,  on  our  parts,  renew  and  flrengihen  the  co- 
Xcnant  chain,  by  which  wc  will  abide,  fo  long  as  you 
/hall  prclcrve  it  ftrong  and  brij^ht  on  your  part, 

/*'   Belt. 
Tfun,   after  repeating  all   that  had  been  faid  comer- 
*in^  t hi  lint' J   \\\c  fptaker  proceeded. 
Brother. 
We  haxelongconfidered  thU  -propofal frjra  boundary  he~ 
/iirtTrus,  and  wc  think  itwillbe  of  goodconfcquencc,  if 
you,  on  v^///"  parts,  payadueregaid  toit;  and  we,  in  con- 
li.t]uencc  thereof,  have  had  fundrymcetingsan.ongrtour- 

feWes 


' :  -t 


m 


[  78  J 

fclvfs  .mJ  witli  youi   aiul  from  all  ihat  you  liavc  C 
Ui  ilu'icoii,  \vi  Ikuc  at  iciii;th  iomt  to  dji>..if    •  ;^ 
cotifcrn'mi',  it,   unJ  wc  \\oyc   tli.ii  wl.-.i    i-,  i> 
upon  (lull  be  inviolably  DblVrvcU   r,;  y^i'  /    1 
arc  dctcrn'.inul  it  ih.tll  Iw  on  r.urj ,    .ji»J  iIi  11 


ill  1 


ittcin|Ms  will  IK-  \u.u\i  :>i  cm 


hi 


),i   /• 


fi)r.fuiiri\l  i\s  Jin,il ;  ami  wc  I'.o  ii<u\- rt.;/.  r  t.i  tlic //■/<•  \vc 
havi.  iu.irkn.1  u|H)ii\(>ui-  in.ip,  iu>>v  hc'orc  \>»ii,  01,  ir- 
tatn  iOndition}^    on  \\  hi' li  we  1.    v  c  li'oki  m,  .ii.J  lli.ul  I  ly 


. 


no  more  \  aiul  wi  ii  luc  //■  /.' 


.///I.  /.■  r/  th 


tsour  aci  »«•- 


Wi   i 


/  /•. 


■A. 


'':;/// 


7//', 


,  *■...'  .///•  'T-  ii\   ;  >  ,.•,  7i  tM,  or  fill  ir  pi.  i)|)lc   lij.iU 

at  tempi  to   inv.iiU-  ii,     i  •'.  i- 1  k    i  >'  i  01  k   ok   \  \  v  01  n 

PI  I  l>«,  or  oth(  r  prcli  iui.*'  wli  u  Itn.  v*.  i";   1 01  in    in.ii'y  ot 

thclV  thin:\s  w  f  li.m  b> .  u  impoK  d  dh,  and  llurcttirc  w  c 

ililVlaimtb  in  ,ill.  'VhiKhb'.undi^  irr^vat^t  I'eJto^  .vi  luyjii',ii 

the   0/'i?f    i}t\  thi  nfAith  'f  //>(  .  Ar/ 1  (. .     tivity    'ali.h  is 

cur  jufi  rij^/ f .     viJ  ffcni    thi'Hn-  -;:•«•    1;'/  ///•,    '.n  thrf-  ,th 

fuic  ij  ihr  Oh'n^    tj    Kittunuji^    .ii>:iu-   tc>l     I't't^     fi.ni 

thence  a  <//;«•</  line  t'i  the  maii!!  t:rh  of  thi   ui/l  hj'uh 

of  Svjfjnfh^rm^   tf\-n(  c  ihr:up^h  the  .-ilii^^.ir.s  tn  ii'^jris^ 

ij  long  the  J  out  h  fide  of  the  fiiid  •uc/t  hrr.ueh^   tilt  \i.-  i  .me 

cfP'fite  to  the  mciiith  'f  tl^d.  reck  CAilcd  Ti,idjiiht»n  ,•  //•<  //re 

agi'ifs    the   weji  hr,iiuh^   and   iil'^ng    the  rafl  fide  rf  that 

ere:ht  tii:dalo-:g  tlu-   lidge  of   ihtrnets    Inllsy   tOiiif\tk 

railed  .-/wandjef   thence  do'i'/i  the  fatne  t^  //v  enj}  hrivuh 

ef  Sufjuehiinniih :  and  ncicfs  the  /umcj  and  up  the  eaji  fide 

cf  that  river  to  O-^vcgW   from  theniC    ea/iward  to   DeLi- 

Wiire  riirty  >ir,d  up  th.it  river  tc  cppcjite  \  here  TianU' 

derrcih  falh   into  Suf']uchann<ih  ;    thence  to  Tiarudi  rral'y 

and  up  the  wejl  ftdc  thereof,    and  its  iveji  braui  ly  tt  the 

bead  thereof  \   then>.  e  by  a  ftraight  line  to  the  mouth  cf  Ca- 

r.ada  Creek^   where  it  empties   itfff  into  li'.od  <  reeky   at 

the  end  of  i'-    long  iUrrying  j  lace  beyond  Fort  Stanivix. 

And  this  vc  declare  to  be  our  fna!  rcfolvesy    and   \v  k 

KXPUtI       THAT     Tin       CONDI  T  IONS     OF     ThIS     OUK 
r.RANT    WILL    Bt  OBSLRVrD.  ,V  Belt, 

Brother, 


< 


[    79    ] 


)av 


cC' 


tlic  /;  //•  wc 
'U,  r,n  .  (  '■- 
)t,l  llriil  I  ly 

K  ll|)l>     lil.lil 
K    A  N  ^    I » I    I ) 

I)  tii.ii'y  (it 
It.  rctt)rL  w  c 
Wt  hi  yju  '.II 
,  '.i  /'/.  i.'  IS 
.  II  t  hf  f-  .  f  h 
^'I'f,  fi.nl 
1 1//  hi  J>ii  i) 

I  .nil' 
/.' ;  //'(  ncc 
/<•  ^f  that 
I  I  t\i  k 
///  hrdiii  A 
(•(///'  //./f 
/s  Dvla- 
c  TidHii- 
,ic/t  /  /■.;/', 
/,  tr  thi' 
th  cfCii- 
rrcky  at 
tunwix. 

N  I)     W  V. 
lis     OUK 


/ 


<■ 


lilO»h( 


licit, 

i5iotl 


K«)\v  »fc  wr  Invf  tiKi'lt  ft)  l;iri;e  ;i  tcflion  to  iht  king 
DfliKh.i  \,ilu.»blf  iiul  cxitnlixt  (ountry,  -a  y  dy  tx/^en 
..',  .IS  //'<  ft  rtui  c/  our  (ij^rccnunt,  thut  Jln^  urarJ  hf 
jaulto  ,tll  our  najinithL  JrfirtS.  Wc  ilo  now,  on  this 
i.ili,  4»M  bch.ilf  aial  in  ilu  n.iutt  of  all  iur  warrii.fi  cj 
c\u)  nition,  CONDi  riON,  tlui  our  war.i«)rs  Owill 
li.iw  I Kc  liberty  ot  huruing  ihrou^'Jicut  the  country; 
as  I  hey  h.iw  no  iMhcr  nu  ins  nf  liiblitt.inct  ,  and  as 
youi  people  havi  ncvi  the  lame  oicafions  or  Intlin.'tionsi 
l!j.it  the  white  people  be  rcibit^tcel  from  hunting  on  our 
liJc  ot  ilic  hue,   to  prevent  conieniioii  between  us. 

^  Belt, 
IW'other, 

r>y  iliis  licit  we  addrel's  ouifelvcs  tc  ihi  grcint  h'in^  of 
Fnyjii'iiif  through  you  our  I'uperintendant,  in  the  name 
tir.J  I'l  hi'half  cf  all  !h(  Six  A..'.:-;/,  iihj\i'nij[ft\  DtLh- 
uaresy  ami  all  other  our  fricuJsy  allies^  anJ  Jt ptmlanti ; 
wc  now  ti.ll  the  king,  that  we  li.ive  gl\eu  to  him  a 
r.ieai  aiui  valuable  eouutrv;  and  *.ve  know,  that  what 
we  (h. ill  now  get  for  it  tnull  W  far  fhjt t  of  its  value: 
We  make  //  a  .'.nditioa  'J this  our  agreimttit  coticrrniKg 
t'.f  iim-y  that  his  inajijly  iviil  <int  flri\et  or  KcgL!:i  to 
f"r-:<  hi  his fav'ury  cr  fujffr  the  ihain  to  loutratl  rujl : 
hi!  tl at  he  \i:tl  iliriil  th^Je  ivho  have  thi  manacenunt 
tt  cur  ai airs  t'j  he  p'un^nal  in  retiewing  our  anctent  a~ 
f/tttui>:ts  That  ai  t'u  Mohawks  arc  now  within  thg 
li'ie  whi.h  we  give  /i  the  Kingy  and  that  thefe  people 
arc  the  true  old  lu.ids  of  llic  whole  confedcraey,  their 
JiVi-ral  villdgiS  an  J  all  the  land  they  occupy  y  ur,patente>i 
about  tfuniy  as  alfo  the  re/nLmes  of  <i«v  otht  r  of  our  lon^ 
fideracy  afefledhy  this  icfjiony  ihal;  he  coniidered  as 
their  fole  property,  and  at  their  difpofaly  both  now  and 
lo  long  as  tlic  Inn  Ihinesj  and  that  all  grants  or  en- 
gagements ihey  have  /iciu  or  lately  catered  into,   ftiall 

be 


'  • ' 


ler 


fl 


% 


^:\\i^ 


mr  "^f 


hi  ,;■''';  if 


Wi' 


% 


■  U\ 


If.  i'!     I-    M 


It. 


I!'     i 


i}|5 


•  -» 


[     So     I 


/ 


be  KMifuKicJ  >TS  liJff'ii:J,n:t  "ff  t/'is  liountliif)  ;*   fo  thai 
fhtvy    who  h.ivi    l"v>  hitlc  ktt,   in.i)  not  lofc  the  bcucllr 
'■/"  //•<•  Ai/.'  '^'  .'/  •  rut  //■.;.'  .'/'<• /)<*o/> A-,  a  //A  uA'.w  //•,;>•  Ajtv 
i.yjiilf   1  :.i\  hivii  thi-  l.t:  J.       \\ c   likvwilV  iurthcr  i'.ii- 
ilifi:n,    onbch.ilfoi  j  \' {.lic  Six  j\,!iio/:Sf    .iiiJ  ut' j/Zoui 
aUits,    lii.iu'.s  :\nd    ntphi  w  ,   onr  ilcj>i!ulants,    that  as 
\v^  h.-iVc  t.'.ptiicmcd  how  ililllcuU  il  is  to  jjct  iuAiir,  «)r 
to  make  oui    coinplaints  kiu>\vn,    ;uul    that  it  is   not  in 
the  power    ot    our  liipi.  i  iiiu Dilaut  to  take  lare  of    our    li 
allalrs  \v.  I'Ml'i  ri*nt  pl,u\s  withoui  the  icing's  help,  that 
Ijis  Mai' (t\    \\!1  I'Jve  hiiu  h.lp    anil  flreniMh    to    do  Ui 
juiiice,    aiu!  to  ni,i!ij^;e  ouv  a:!airs  in  a  pi  oper  manner. 
We   all  kn',>\^  ili*-  \s'.iiit  ot   ilos,  an  J  \w  ui.ikc  it  a  point 
oi  giwit  i  iMiK  «pu.  m  (  ,  on  whii  h  tins  our  prelem  ai;rte- 
iv.ent   is  to  ih,>i.iii.l,    a;ul    wiihoirt  whiili  atiaiiii   will  <'o 
wronr,,    aiiJ  oui'  hcailb  lu.iy  be  lurnei!. 
Brothv.r, 
\V''  likewile  (.utire   ih.u    as  we  liave  now  given  tip  a 
"reat  deal  ot  laiiilb  within  the  1k)uiu!s    that    ^^v.    Pcr.n 
r/c/ </«(•(/ .7  / /,•  /•/  cf/njvi'h'i    tliit  he  mav,  in  eonreMiienic 
f/f  the  iu]rt\uu'nt\  /;c:y  entered    into  between  us,   enjoy 
what  wc   have  given  within  them  limits.       And   as  wc 
know,    that   /  v.A./j  ot  .tc7/'i//;v  did,    in  the  nami.  ol"  leve- 
ral  perfons,    lay  elaini  to  lands  in  Pftin/y/vunij)    whiih 
we  know  to  be  iinjull;  and  that  the  deeds  he  pretends 
a  riglit  to,   were  invalid,  ivc'  tA/<'.7  that  no  rej^.vd  wil! 
be  paid  to  themj  or  any  Tuch  claims,  now  or  liwreafter; 
as  luf  have  Jiiirly  J'^lii  thini   tc  the  proprietors  cj  Pent:'  _ 
fylvaniiiy   to  whom  alouc  we  Jhall  fell  LtnJs  within  that 
provine:: ;    and  we  Ihall  now  give    them  a  deed  tor  that  f    ^^ 

and  other  lands  there. V/zt/  in  C'.'er  to  fbeiv  that  ■;:■»  j/   (^.^.^ 

l&vc  jujruey    we  expect  the  trader s^  who  fu^eredhy  /iw*  li     j^^  , 

*   This  rrlaftfl  to  I.uiils  on  the  Su!tii.n.'Iiarn.ih,   &c. 

t    llu  piu(>iicti»rs   ot   iVimlylv.tiii.i  fr-^i't  'li  ihc    Six   \;iti:ni,  a  largf 
tT:ii\  of  country  ut  this  i9'ii,'rt/i,  .uji!  on  ictrii  iiig  their  dcol  »)t  loiivcyaiicc  I! 
foi  the   r.inu-,  the   fa'ul   propi  irrors  pjiJ  ih  >;.v  \'?tio>n    lo.ioo  ^>panil'i  |j     tht- p; 
milLil  (l(>!!uis;  being  tlie  ix»iiiiUoatijii  nijury  for  tiic  lai'l  tiacfl  U     *""■  th 


J 
L 

I  n 

hi 

a 
c 

m 


ha 
wc 
ou 
tui 
am 
ma 
hu.s 
ten 

Six 
ven 

Iclf 

I 

and 
rv 

V 


(hoiil, 


ticri  Hi 


f;*    Co  th.ll 

the  be  IK  lir 
ni  //'<■)■  hiiv^ 
ID  tl'Li  i  '.n- 
A  i»t  j//oui 
Its,  thai  .IS 
t  iul\Ii f,  itv 
it  is  not  ill 
arc  ol  uiir 
,  help,  ih.ir 
I  to  ch)  i.i 
Ki'  maniKr. 
c  ii  .1  I'oint 
.•lent  .i;.; rep- 
airs will  ;'o 


,'  g'vcn  up  a 
^iV.    Pc!:n 

OSlU'iUClUC 

1  us,  cnjtjy 
And  as  \vc 
Ui.  ol  kVt- 
/./,  whiih 
K"  prctciuii 


\i\ 


u  \vu; 


hwieattt  r 


f  cj  Pinr- 
tthin  tl\it 
d  tor  that 
V  thjt  U't 
cJ  by  fi 


[      8!       ] 

of  our  depcnJcints  in  the  wars  Jive  years  ago,  ?ndy  have 
a  i^ rant  for  the  lands  -U'f  now  give  them  down  Ohiot  as  a 

fil.fadion  for   their   lojfcs ; and  as  oui    friend   Mr. 

Crot^han  lon^'  ago  got  a  deed  for  lands  from  us,  which 
ni.iy  now  be  taken  into  Mr.  Penn^s  lands;  JIkuU  it  fo 
happiNt  ive  requeji  tliat  it  may  be  conlidcred,  and  that 
he  mny  get  as   mueh  from   the  Kin^  fomewhere  elJCf   at 

he  fairly  bought  it And  as  wc  have   given  enough  to 

(hew  our  love  tor  the  King,    and  make  his  people  cafy, 
in    the    next    place,   -wc  expert,   T  H  A  T    NO   OLD 
CLAIMS,   which  'MC  difavow,   or  new  tncroachmeuts, 
mav  he  allowed  of.  * 
brother, 

We  have  now  gone  through  this  matter,  and  w-e 
have  l)»ewn  oiirlejves  ready  to  give  the  King  whatever 
we  could  reafonably  ipa'C',  we,  on  cur  parts  exprefs 
our  regard  for  him,  and  we  hope  for  his  favour  in  rC" 
turn.---  Oiu  words  are  ftroni'  and  our  re*blutions  firm, 
and  IV e  expeJ}  that  our  rcfuijis  luiil  he  complied  withy 
inafmuch  as  we  have  fc  grneroitjl;  complied  \\'\x\\  all  that 
has  been  defircd,  as  far  as  was  conhlfent  with  our  in- 
tcreft.  J  Belt. 

At  a  ^v='neral  Congrefs  held  at  Fort  Stanwix  with  the 
Six  Nations,  and  other  Indians,  &c.  on  Friday,  No- 
vember 4,  1/68, — 'ci\e  H'illiavt  Jchnjcn  addiclling  him- 
itlf  lo  them,   Ipolce  as  follows: 


lirotl 


urs. 


mi 


oj 


1/ 


|)t  lonvcyancc 
oo  o pa  11  i III 


I  am   glad  thf   hundary  is  nt   !ent;th  agreed  upon; 

and  as   I  have  great  reafcMi  to  think  it  will  be  duly  ob~ 

}    lerved  by  the  Kngliju,   I  reromniejul  it  to  you  to  pre- 

ferve  it  carefully  in  remeinhrancc  ;   to  explain  it  fully 

to  thofe  that  are  abfent,   and  to  tea'  h  it  to  your  chil- 

JL  drcii, 

•  The  .9;.v  Sjtinuiy^txt  farther  makr  it  a  oiulitioti,  that  no  cW  cljims 
Ihoiil.l  be  allow  r, I  Thii  -u'.n  exPrefsiy  made  to  lemovc  all  prctf  i.l/ons  on. 
tlu-  part  o!  Viipinia,  to  the  lands  -uiift^v.ird  oi  x\ic  Jllcfai:t  M-wti-t  in'- 
^rr  the  Lu'Uu.Lr  ihi-a;  a«  t'-fy  ri'piuliJIy  (..id,  they  ItaiJ  been  %■  tut eJ,  i^xi 
**irti,*</  at  the  dtaij  Ltd  at  l.j>htij1.     <744. 


I 


l.i 


if;  <•'' 


«l  1 


['ft;" 


K 


If 
11^ 


!i 


n 


i 


.  ■■■'i"H 


m 


i    8^    J 

(Irffi,  c^v,     /^i-.i-  ^r^/:ft'  you  fA//  ht-lt  t: jlren^^then^  ratify 
uul  c'.nf.ymthc  boundary ^  atid  all  tt .inl'dlUsns  neccjjary 


thereto. 


A  Bslt. 


Brnth 


crs, 


I  conficliT  vnur  f^ood  infrnti'ivs  towrtrdh  th  traders 


Tfho  fii/i, 


un, 


/.« 


ll\C 


lort 


cs,    :iiul  v-z/r  dijirr  tofuljiLillpur 


engagimcKts,  wj  in/I,uucs  of  yovr  integrity.  I  wifh 
th.u  yoii  m.iv,  on  your  parts,  carefully  remember  ^nd 
fait hftilly  obi,. rvc  tlu^  cng.iiTcnunis,  vou  have  now  a^ 
well  iis  fornu  rly  entered  imo  with  the  Englijb^  and  that 
you  niay  every  day  grow  more  feniiblc  lunv  much  it  is 
your  intcTi'ft-  to  do  i"o. 

Sir  li'illi.ru  Jchn/on  addrcfling  !iin»felf  to  ihcChvi'nist 
of  AVii'   Ji-'/'ry  .i;kI  the  CcpimiJlio^iers ^   laid--- 
Gciiticinenj 

Agreeable  to  his  Majcjiy^s  intentions  fjpniflcd  to  mc 
by  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  tor  the  faiistac'rion  of 
the  Icvcral  nations  here  a^VenibleJ,  I  t.ikc  the  liberty 
to  recommend  it  ftrongly  to  yov.r  feveral  province*,  to 
cnrnTk  the  molt  effc(flual  laws  for  ihf  due  obferv;<nce  of 
i:ic  line,  and  the  preventing  :i!i  future  Intrufions,  as 
the  cxpe^ation  thereof,  and  ihc  reliance  the  Indian 
have  on  your  jultice,  from  ihe  affitrancc  I  have  gi*  i 
them  on  that  head,  liave  proved  great  inducements  to 
the  fetilemcnt  of  the  line  ncvj  efiablxjlhed  i)etween  the 
colonies  and  them. 

To  which  the  Covermr  and  '^ommiffiomrs  anfwered, 

Nothing  '(houM    be    wanting   on  their   parts  to  the 
obtaining  fuch  fecurity  for  tkc  boundary  as  was  deemed 
ncccilary,   on  their  return  to  their  rcfpc(flive  colonies. 
Grant  from  the  Six  United  Natior.i  to  William  Trent, 

and  others. 
'T'O    all    people  to   whom    thefe  prefents  fliall  come 
greeting,   Know  ye,   that  we  /Abraham    a  Mohawk 
chief   Scnnghois  an  Oneida  chief   Saquarifera  a  Tvfca- 

rorA 


[     83     ] 


fi,  rAtxfy 
neccffary 
Belt. 

•  trtidtrs 
I  aU  your 

I  wilh 
nbcr  i^nd 

now  aw 
and  that 
uch  it  is 


cd  to  mc 

ackioii  of 

jie  liberty 

incc«,  to 

v;«ncc  ot 

fiorjs,    as 

Indiav 

|vc  gi>    J 

nents  to 

'vcn  the 

Ifwered, 
Is  to  the 

Ideemcd 
Ionics. 
Trent, 

1  come 

yfohavjk 

\Tiifca- 

ron^ 


nra  chUf^  Chtnaufihtata  thiif  of  tt.c  Onondago  ccunci 

Seneca 


'!. 


Ta^aaiii  a  Cayuga  chicfy  and  Caujlarax 


I 


idbt 


r/; 


ih'uii  andfac^H-ms  of  the  Six  United  Nations^  and  being 
and  effc»nually  repicf^niing  all  the  tribes  ot'  the  iaid 
Six  United  Nations^  fend  greeting: 

IVhereas    Robert    Cullender,   David  Franks»  Jofeph 
Simons,     Levy    Andrew   Levy,     Philip    Boyle,     John 
liaynton,  Samuel  Wharton,    UtDrge  Morg-^n,   Jofeph 
S[)e.H',   Thomas  Smallman,   Samuel  VVharion  admini- 
Orator  of  John  WeUh,,  det  i.ifed;     Ednuuid   Moran, 
Evan    Shelby,    Samnel    Poitltthwait,    John    Gibfon^ 
Richjrd  Winfion,    Dennis  Crohoi>,   William  Thomp- 
fon,  Abraham  Mitchd,  James  Dundas,  Thomas  Dun- 
das,   and  John  Ornjfby,   in  and  by    their  feveral  and 
refpoftivc    letters  or  powers  of  attoiney,   duly  iigned, 
fealed,   and  delivered  by  thent,   and  now  produced^   iu" 
ierpretedf   and  explained  lo  nsj  have  conO^itulcd,   no- 
minated,   and  appointed  lyUliam  Trent^   of  the  county 
of  Cumberldthly    and  pr()\ince   of  Penu/ylvaniay    mer- 
chant,  their  lawful  attorney  and  agent,  to  aik,  follcit, 
demand  and  receive  from  the  fackems^   councellcrs  and 
warriors  of  the  /aid  Six    United  Nations,   a  grant  of  a 
tra«ft  of  land,   as  a  compcnfaiion,   fatisfa<Stion,  or  retri- 
bution,   for  the  goods,  mcrehandi'/e,  and  effects  of  the 
faid    ll'illiam   Trent,  and  the  traders  aforefaid,   which 
the  Shawtii  fj'ty    Delaware,   and  Huron  tribes,    tributa- 
ries of  tlij  faid  Six  Xations,  (contrary  to  all  good  faith 
and  in  violation   of   their  repeated  promifes  of  fafety 
and   protect ic^p  to  their  perfons,   fervants,   and  cffe<Sts, 
whJlA  trading  in  their  country)   did  in  the    fpring  of 
the  year  One  thoufand  le\en  hundred  and  lixiy  three, 
violently  fcizc  upon,  and  unjullly  appropriate  to  thdr 
own  ufe  : 

And  whereas  ive  are  now  convened  in  full  council,  by 

^der  of  cur  father y   the  kimg  of  Great  Britain,   France^ 

and 


cri 


I  * 

hi: 


f'^i 


I-'! 


1  (. 


't 


I.;, 


i  ■  .! 


5! 


if  .1 

■  I 


I 


11: 


>i; 


§ 


-'it 


ii/  1 


:1 


i         84        ] 

ci'fj  Irc'lijndf  defender  of  the  f.ilth,  &c,  m  Tovi  Sta*!- 
-iviXf  in  llic  province  of  Anc  ]«r;t,  in  order  10  agi  cc 
for,  iU'cen.iin,  iind  linally  lix  and  fctilL  <;  j rrnuiuci't 
and  Ijjli'''.^  hcitiuiiiry  line  between  tlic  huming  counu  v, 
vhicli  we,  .11  ilu  conlVrcncL  aforefaid,  siiai  l  «/:./ 
\v  1 1  I  n/iTVt'  iov  oiirfeivtS;  our  children,  anil  oiu 
tribuiarics,  and  the  Wrritoiics  of  ihe  laid  king  <'f 
(•re lit  /)'/  //.;/';  .- 

And  whereas  appHcaiion  \^  .i'i  formerly  ni.idc  to  the 
faid  Six  I'nftJ  \,itiQUS  by  Sii-  liilluivi  'Jo''ni^,Uy  baron- 
er,  at  the  reijuiliiion  of  tl\e  aforelaid  traders,  vho  had 
ful^anied  and  fuftered  tl\c  lofles  aforefaid,  for  r.  irtri- 
bntion  fcr  thi  f,imt\  wliich  the  faid  Six  Vintid  :\\:!i'ns 
promiftii  avd  (K^rerd  to,  ivhi'iiljfvrr  hr,  tlie  laid  Sir 
Will'.Am  Joh)tfon,  baronet,  (hould  be  impcxicrc.!  hx  his 
faid  majel^y,  the  kin'^,  of  '''rctit  Britain ,  to  ijLihliJb  the 
bcuKdr,r\  line  aforcfixid : 

And  whereas  the  faid  Sir  H'l/li.vn  J'jhnfcn,  baronet, 
h.i<;  now  at  this  prefcnt  eongrefs,  reminded  the  faid  Six 
Vnitrd  h'ntions  of  thflr  fuid  fi  omij\  :  ami  at  the  earnclt 
dellre  of  the  afoicfaid  traders,  by  tlicir  laid  attorney, 
ftrongly  reconinjended  to  the  faid  Six  Vniti'd  Natr,nSy 
to  make  them  a  reilitution,  by  a  gr;int  oi  a  tra<ft  of 
hind  to  his  faid  m«ijelh',  the  king  of  dreut  liritnin,  his 
hiirs  ami  fiicceliorsj  to  and fcr  iht:  cnly  uft\  henffit, 
and  f^-'hoof  of  the  Ja id  V^' WW, WW  Trent,  /'/  his  §\vn  rights 
and  as  attctney  a^  tiforruiid;  all  whi(  li  the  faid  Six 
United  Nations  having  taken  into  their  conlideration, 
and  being  heartily  difpofcd  to  agree  thtreinito,  as  an 
inftance  of  their  jiiftice  and  eonecrn  for  the  faid  lofles, 
do  therefore  by  thefe  prefents  lignify,  publifli,  :n.».! 
declare,  that  notwithftanding  thej(,'^rrtf</  and  gift  hereto 
made  and  given  by  them  unto  his  faid  majelh'  the  king 
of  Great  Britain,  and  fo  forth;  [to  and  for  the  only^uj., 
J  be\efity  and  hi  hoof  of  the  A;/(^  William  Trent,  in  his  oivn 

right, 


on  Start ~ 

r  to  ;ii;rcc 
rrnuiucr.t 
,  country, 
Ai  L    ar.l 

Hiul     OUl 

kiiu»    of 

lie  to  the 
/?,  b;\ron- 
,  vlu)  li.id 
r  «.'   1 1  !f  I' 

J  .\\:ti'Ks 
c  liiic!  Sir 
r<-./  /'v  his 
7.1 /'///'•'  '^^ 

,  b.ironcr, 
c  ialil  Six 
he  c;ii  ncli 
attorney, 
/  i\ati',nSy 
V  traft  oi 
itaitiy  his 
,  benefity 
vn  right y 
lit  ill  5;.v 
Idcraiion, 
ro,  '.IS  .11^ 
lid  lofles, 
ifh*  anvl 
[ft  h€rih 
:he  king 

rjllly^UJ.  y 

!  his  01V ri 
ri^hty 


t    85    1 

riyjity  and  as  attorney  as  afcre/.iidl  'I'ill  h'  in.-'i/Jtii 
ivithin  the  crlfrjtiy  f^ilr^  and  houndiiry  liut'y  which  ihc 
iaid  Six  Uniti-i!  .Wit  tons  P\iU  iind  •^vil!  ?;;.;',/■,  A//  an  J 
yr,i':t  to  thr  laid  kini;  ol*  (ircut  lUitainy  at  tac  ron- 
fcrtnci.'  afoiel'rul,  ho-x  hoUicn  at  J'ort  .V/,?- -.1  rv -irovc- 
laid,    by  the  laid  Sir  // i//;j;;i    "JchnUtiy    haronci: 

Yel  nt„vei  tlu  kls,  the  I'lid  Six  I'nitfJ  N<iiirns  have 
vt'ifl'rr  iiflti!^  <:'  n:,ni(ir:ff  y  t  i  < ,  1 1 1'n'  frr.in  him  the  laid 
S\i'  li'il/tarii  Jchr/liJ y  b.iioinr,  nor  //.;;;  j/';  'tl\r  prr- 
fr>>:  or  prrfcns  in  bvhalf  of  the  laid  l^ini',  of  l:r,\it  Hti- 
tiiin^  any  Cyn/'dirati  .•  foi  //•.•  /v  ri-/>\'  yir,  n  and  ;/  ant.  J 
preinifii  ^  neither  /hall  um  -'ill  the  j'.iid  Six  I'ltiJ  Aa* 
ticns,    not    t/\tr    h,i.'s    ri;    ././:./•. /,/;//j,    (and   bv   ihtle 


prclluii,    they,    the     laid    Six    i'i:i.'..l   WifionSy 


,,,/,, 


'li 


a,: J  ruttrtlv  h:tt'rdi't  aiii!  ,'-•  '■;.•'•;/  *h  ••;  //;•>;  lo  doinr,) 
iliuiiiiul,  nor  /{ttivr  /r  »>,•  ibe  laiil  hii!';  .J  CrcA  Bn~ 
Ijiny  Kor  trom  ^^is  iii,\  rjfrrsy  »'r  frm  Ids  or  their  wz/- 
vi/lcrs  cr  f'rrv.irtSy  any  conjiilt'i aticn  i^liatfievrr  or 
howioevcr,  i<)v  thi  h^/fhy  i^/.int.ily  b,irgaine<l,  or  now 
r;ivcn  preniik>,  (M- an\  jMit,  purpart,  or  [)arcel  there- 
of, fhc  la:iK  bving  f^'nr  "r.:  n  \^'linitar\  aFf  and  JciJ^ 
lolely,   aivd  hzna  Julc  dfjni>:t,!  and  in f ended  h\  r  as  a 

(cmf'rn/.^ti:.?:^   fati^faclicn  and  )  1 17  ihiiU'^n  foi    ili  ;  lOllls 


h\\\ 


idiedbvthe  taid  li'illiani  Tti>:t.  and  the  Indian  tra- 


ders   uoteiaid,    by   the    <.iepr«.tlations  t)f  the  .VA,;  ;r.;/<:^/f. 


Di'h 


awnt 


and 


llu 


rcn 


tribes  ot    Indi.nis  afoniaid,    i 


n 


the    atorelaid    year  One  rhouland   Icvlu  hundred  and 
iivty-three  : 

Novj  this   indenture  ivitnefftthy    i  Iiat  we  the  faid  ,V- 


tnahaniy 
Caaiat   a 


enngh'.is 


aquariftray 


1. 1: 


u-nanoht  ati. 


Ta- 


nd  CaujlaraXt  {  ^  hiefs  ajtd  fab  uis  of  the  faiJ 
Six  United  Nations y  and  being  and  e£l\  <  i".al!y,  as  afore- 
tiid,  reprefcnting  all  the  tribes  of  toe  Six  I  nited  Na- 
tions J  for  and  in  eonllderation  of.'/r  /:tni  of  iioht\''f:rc 
t'-'ufanl  nine  hundred  and  fxtt-'^n  yn:'  ./;,   ten  Ji.'iHii:(»\ 

aiid 


I  '1  ■■'■ 

■i ' " 


•'  d 


,;     1 


jij.   ij 


( ■■, 


'  «t  r 


■f 


';■  '!■!!  i' 


'     1 


1  ; 


[     86     ] 

<ir..f  ftj^'^t  fence,  l.xwfiil  money  of  thf  province  o{  Xe'^ 
Vorkf  {ihc  fiifyie  bt'ini^  the'  amount  of  the  goods  and  nwr- 
chiiv.dtzr,  U'huh  zirrt'  unjuftly  feized  and  takcn^  ns  afore- 
fiidt  hy  tht'  Sh.-i-vrejj'ry  Dchiu-.^ret  ^"^  Huron  tribes  rf 
IndiiXns  aforcf-tiJ,  i'l  urn  the  laid  Willi.jm  Trent,  Ro- 
bert C.illciidcr,  David  Fr.iuks,  Ji>kph  Simuns,  l,t\y 
Aiidrew  Levy,  Vhilip  Hoylc,  Jnlin  li.iynton,  S.uiiucl 
Wharton,  (fOorp^,.-  Morr^an,  Joli'pli  Spear,  Thomas 
Smalhnan,  Samuel  Wharton  idminiiiiator  of  John 
Welch,  JiccaiVili  Edmund  Motan,  Fa  an  M.elby,  Sa- 
mtiel  Pol^kihwait,  John  Giblon,  llichaid  WiiiOon, 
Dennis  Crohoii,  William  Thomplon,  Abraham  Miitli- 
el,  James  Dundas,  Thoma,  Dundas,  and  John  Orin- 
(hy,  in  tlic  aforelaid  year,  One  tlioufand  fevtn  hun- 
dred aiul  lixiy-thrce,  wfwn'-f  jiifl  and  ftiir  accourls 
have,  on  Datl\  and  allirniatiix^,  been  ptoJuccdf  intir- 
prctcdy  .ridt'xfdiiuitdt'tKi  .mi  >vliiili,  at  oui"  dellre, 
are  vv  lod  ^cd  .\nA  dcpolii^'d  with  the  laid  Sir  H'il/iiivj 
Jchnf'.n^  baronet:  And  loi  and  in  ronlidcration  of 
the  iiim  of  /t"t'<'  //'/V''//;:;  f,  lawhd  mon-.  y  atorelaid,  to 
us  in  liind  paid  bv  tlic  laiil  li'illiam  Trcnty  the  receipt 
whereof  we  do  hereby  acknowledge,  dn  givc^  grant ^ 
bnrgiim,  and  /J// unto  his  faid  majelty,  hi«.  heirs  and 
fuccefTors,  to  and  for  the  onh  ufc^  benefit,  and  behoof 
r>f\.\\t  fatd  H'llliam  Trent y  in  liis  own  right,  and  as  at- 
lorncv  aforefaid  ;  all  that  tract  or  parcel  of  land,  be- 
ginning iit  the  font  her  Is  fide  of  the  mouth  of  Little  Ken- 
h.ivea  Creek,  "U'vre  it  Lm/^ties  't/,lf  irto  the  river  Ohio, 
snd  running  frcm  thence  fjuth  a/i  fi  the  Laurel  Hill, 
thanec  ahnc  the  Laurel  tltll  until  »t  flrikes  the  river 
Mcnongehelii,  thence  dc'vn  the  ftreuvi  of  the  faid  ri'Ctr 
AlonofigeSeLi^  ccordtng  to  the  feveral  cGurfes  thereof,  to 
the  fouthern  hcjndary  line  of  the  province  of  Pennjy Iva- 

-rovi^b 


I 


t* 


•K< 


hs 


irfe  of  the  fa 


boundary    hue,   as  far   as  the  ftanc   fhall  extend^    nri 


trom 


-'  ii. 


of  AVv 

IS  dfore- 

tribes  of 

:nt,  Ro- 

vs,    l^vy 

Samuel 

of  John 
ilby,  S.i- 
WinAon, 
ni  Mitch- 
,hn  Orm- 
vcn  hun- 
■   nccotirts 

[)ur  (.hlni', 
V\v  li'illi^nn 
cration  ot 
>rfiaiJ,    to 
he  i-ctcipt 
■r,   gr.int, 
Ihcirs    and 
and  bchocf 
and  as  at- 
UukI,   /"'- 
itth  Ken- 
ivcr  OhiOf 
,n'l  Hill, 
the  river 
i.iid  rivn 
hereof,  t- 
•n/vlva- 


jL    and 


froir 


i    87    1 

frcm  thence  kj  the  /ytu-  ccurfe  to  the  river  Chic, 
thence  dc\ifi  the  /nij  river  Ohic^  acccrdlhg  to  the  fe- 
veral  courfes  thereof ^  to  the  place  of  he^innnifi  .  together 
villi  all  and  fingnlar  ilu  irtcs,  wood  .,  undtr-wood?;, 
nTints,  mintiaLs,  ores,  w.ittrs,  watcr-couilcs,  lilliings, 
fowlings,  huntings,  prolits,  coininoviitics,  advantages, 
ri»;lus,  Ijb.riies,  piivilcj',es,  htreditan\cnts,  and  ap- 
purtenaMccs  whaifocver,  to  the  faid  \\\\.0  or  parcel  of 
land  belonging,  or  in  aiiv  ways  appertaining  j  or  whii  h 
now  arc,  or  formerly  liavc  been  accepted,  reputed, 
taken,  known,  ufcd,  occupied,  or  enjoyed,  10  or  with 
the  fame,  or  as  pari,  parcel,  or  member  thereof,  and 
the  rcvtiTjon  and  reverlions,  remainder  and  remain- 
ders, rents,  iiTues  and  profu*;,  ot  all  and  lingular  the 
faid  premifes  above  mentioned,  and  every  part  or  par- 
cel thereof,  wiih  the  appurtenances:  And  aUb  all  the 
cftatc,  right,  title,  intcreft,  property,  claim  and  de- 
mand whaifoever;  whether  native,  legal  or  equitable, 
oi  us  the  laid  Indians,  and  each  and  every  of  us,  and 
of  all  and  every  other  ptrfon  and  pcrfons  whatfocvcr, 
of  or  belonging  to  the  laid  Nations,  of,  in,  to,  and 
out  of,  all  and  lingular  the  premifes  above  mentioned  ; 
and  of,  in,  lu,  and  our.  of.  every  part  and  parcel 
thereof,  with  the  appurtenances;  to  have  and  to  ho/J, 
all  and  lingular  the  faid  trat^t,  parcel  and  parcels  of 
land,  given,  granted  ai  i  bargained  premifes,  \\^th 
their  appurtcnanrcs,  unto  his  laid  qujcfty,  king  George 
the  Third,  his  heirs  and  fucccflbrs,  but  to  and  for  the 
only  tife^  benefit ^  and  behoof  of  the  faid  William  Trent, 
in  his  ciun  right f  and  as  attorney  afcrefaidy  hs  heirs  and 
^jf-g^^i  for  ever:  And  the  faid  Abraham,  Senoghois, 
Saquarifcra,  Chcnaugheata,  Tagaaia,  and  GauAarax, 
for  thcmfeUcs,  and  for  the  Six  United  AationSf  ai.J 
ali  and  every  other  nation  and  nations,  tribes,  tribu- 
faric?,  aad  dependants  on  the  faid  Six  United  Nations, 

and 


:(  ,  1I 

I: 


m 


t 

)ii ;.! ' 

f 

iV    1 

■(■!;; '  ■ 

■'[  ■ . 

^.  '    '1 

,,- .       1 

t  i                   T 

■  l>  t.'i  '' 


i> 


r 


1,1 

■)  ■  1 

i  ■ 

i 

I  ■ 

[    88    ] 

and  their  and  every  of  their  pM^critics,  the  fhid  (rati 
and  panel  ot  land  and  prcmifcs,  and  every  part  there- 
of, ai',ainll  them  the  faid  Abraham,  Sennp,hois,  Sa- 
tjiiariftra,  Chenaughe.ita,  Tagaaia,  and  Gaufbarax; 
and  againft  the  faid  Six  i'nitcd  Xiitions,  and  their  tri- 
butaries and  dependants,  and  all  and  every  of  their 
poilcriiies;  to  his  faid  njajeliy,  his  heirs  and  Aicccf- 
fors,  hut  to  and  for  the  only  u/'c,  hi'fwfit^  and  h'hocf  of 
ihs.\fiiid  \\ \\\\A\\\  Trent,  in  his  own  rii^hty  nnd  as  at' 
tornty  itjci  rfiiidy  his  heirs  atid  itJ/'i'jiSy  /liill  anil  will 
lu^i/riintf  and  /yr  eiur  ill  fend  I'Y  fhijcprt/cnts:  In  wit- 
nel's  whcreot,  "u-,  thr  /'id  ihi-'fs  and  faihctns,  in  be- 
half of  ourielves  rel'petiivcly»  and  in  h.  half  of  tlie 
whole  Six  i//iitfd  Niitioiis  atorel.iid,  have  hereunto  fct 
our  hands  and  feals,  in  tlie  prt fence  of  the  perfons 
fubferihing  as  witnefles  lu  rtunt(>,  at  a  ovy^trfs  hr/d at 
Fort  Stanwix  nfcrrfin!  •'•■•••  *^'>\\  il  ly  of  November,  in 
the  ninth  year  of  his  mauity's  itign,  and  in  the  year 
of  our  Lord  oik  ihouland  fcvtn  hundred  and  fixiy- 
cight. 

Sf.iled  and  dcUvn cii  iu") 

Willi.im  Franklin,  g.i'iruijr 

of  St\v  J<ijiy- 
I'leilcrick  ^nivtii,  iLitfJnf- 

t:  f  "f  I^fU'  'Jer/iy. 
Till  mas  Walker,  commjft- 

oner  for  l'ir;^U:i/i. 

f  of  the 

llichard  Pctiis,     i     c$uihd 

JanicsTilglintaii,  !  (jfl\.h- 

{_  lsh\:ma 

Jiilin  SkiiiDfr.  cr.^t.    :n  tht 

70/A  TI  I'ICht. 

Idkph  C.ni 


"J 


TIk  mark  ot  his  n.ttion. 
/\!.i..l,.im,  or  ■>,/;<•/ of      ,/,.S.)     tht  \/. 
'l)u!iai.tTcra,  J       hjvh.     *l  lie  llccl. 

Tht  mark  of  his  nation. 
Willi.im.  or">  i-w/  of     fl..  S.)     the  i;/..i- 
bcniighoi!),   J      <iui.     '1  lie  Itonc. 

I'he  mai  k  ot  his  nation. 
Hcruli  ilk,  gr  ■>,/.!;/ of     (I..  S.)     the  iVy- 
Saquarilcra..    J       mrtrji,     'Mie  cioU. 

Thf  mark  uf  Iii>  nation. 
Bunt,  or  ChcO  r/'ii/of     (I..  S.)     the  0- 


John  VVialheihcail,</^Vi» 
lotlt. 


iiau^hcAta, 


■} 


iijud.i^iii.  I'hc  mwunuin- 


Tlic  mark  of  his  n.it  ion. 


John  Walker,   c/TjVjim.;.  Taeami;!     S'^^<^J  ^^      (l-  ^-.1      tlie  r.'rfvj.jj 

v..  \-\u\\   of  C-.itucHuut.  lagaia,   ^  1  l.i  pipe. 


j;. 


I^honiai.   Walker,  jon.  of 


trj^iH 


UI. 


Ihr  mark  of  hit  nation. 


Itt  ifOW*-  4 


mtf  oi    (1..  S.)     the  S» 
i4i.     The  high  hill. 


«»■• 


On 


faid  tr.id 
art  thcrc- 
hois,   S;i- 
.luftnrax; 
their  iri- 
of    I  heir 
d   fuccef- 
J  bi'hocf  of 
\nd  t3i  at- 
and    will 
;    la  wit- 
>;j,    in  be- 
lt"   of    tlic 
icunto  fct 
he  i>crlons 

tt'fs   ht'Ul At 

veniber,  in 
n  the  ye.ir 
aiul    fixty- 


\  his  n/tiofl, 
S.)     tht  ^/^• 
|l>c  Ikcl. 

his  nation. 

)     the  0''«»- 
loiic. 

his  nation. 
i.)     the  li'J- 
Ihc  Cioli. 

|hi>  nation. 
S.)     the   0- 
ic  mvunvain- 

Ihis  nation. 

the  (.'(ivHjjJi* 
(e. 

u»  nation. 
Ih  bilU 


On 


[      89      ] 

On  ilie  ft'Vcnfh  vl.iy  of  January,  in  the  ytar  of  our 
l.oid  one  thuiif-mtt  I'even  hundred  and  iixty-ninc,  bf- 
fore  me  llaai  Jones,  tit];  mayor  of  the  lity  cf  VhiluJel- 
fhia^  eanie  the  Uev.  Uichurd  PctcrSy  Ut<!lor  of  the  two 
iMiitcd  thiiiciies  (.f  ChriO  CMiuJch  and  Sf.  Peters,  in 
PhiliTcitl;  huif  our  of  tlie  fulM".  i  ibing  Avltncfli  s  to  the 
uiihin-wriiti  n  deed,  and  made  oath  i.n  ihe  Hoiv  Kvan- 
j^clilhof  Ahuii»,hty  in)i.\^  that  he  was  pnfcnt,  an  1  did 
lee  tlic  within-nanuil  Altraham,  or  Tyahanel'cra,  a 
thief  cf  the  jM:ha\vks  ,  William,  or  SeJinghois,  a  (.hicf 
cf  the  Oneidds  ;  Henilriek,  or  Sa(|ari<'cr?i,  a  chief  of  the 
Tufcaror<:! ;  Bunt,  or  Chcnau!',lu.iia,  ci  ilnf  cf  thi 
Onond.igas ;  Tat>aaia,  <;  chitfofthe  C.i\ugas ;  and  Cau- 
Aarax,  aif'iif  cf  the  Stntai^^,  make  the  r».veral  marks 
in  ilic  within-wi  itii  n  deeii,  a»;ainQ  their  relpeiflive 
nanus,  placed  as  ilu- partii  ular  mai  k  of  eaeh  nation; 
and  did  alio  fte  the  faid  Abraham,  or  Tyahanefera; 
\Villiam,  or  Si  nni',hois ;  llendiick,  or  Satiuarifcra  ; 
Bunt,  or  Clu  nain'.hcata;  Tagaaia,  and  Gauftarax,  re- 
fpcc'^liveiy  fcal,  and,  as  theii  dii  and  deed,  deliver  in 
behalf  of   tluinfelves,    and    the  fevcial  nations  wliith 


tl 


u 


•ftlcl 


uallv    reprelemet 


I,    il 


\c   w  I 


thin- 


writtcn 


deed 


poll;   and   that  the    n4me    Richard    I'etcrs,   iiibferibed 

tfiercto  as  a  witntfs  of    (he  fame,    is  of  his  own  hand- 

I     \vriting  :    And  alfo,    th.u  the    faid  Richard  IVtcrs    law 

W.  Franklin,    governor  of  New  Jcrily;    Fred.  Smyth, 


chief  jtiilice    of  New  Jerfey;   Thomas   Walker,   t 


OI1I- 


loner  tor  \  irouiia;  Tamts 


Tild 


unan, 


of  tl 


te  coun- 


mill 

eil  of  Pennlylvania;  John  Skinner,  capt.  in  the  70th 
rcjj^iicnt;  Jolcj>h  Chew,  of  Conneflicut ;  John  Wal- 
ker, of  Virginia;  E.  Fitch,  of  Ci>nni(^tieut  j  Thomas 
W^alker,  jun.  of  Virginia;  John  Butler,  interpreter 
for  the  crown;  lubfciibe  tluir  names  .»"^  witneflcs  llkc- 
wifc,  to  the  signing,  fcaling,  and  <lclivery  ot  the  with- 
i-written   deed  poll.      Witncfk  n^y  hand  and  leal,    tlte 


n 


day  And  year  aforef^id. 


M 


I.  JONL5,     (L.  S.) 


Crant 


4:-':l 


li'jl 


^.!' 


.-  I  I 


n\ 


ih 


90    I 

Cr,jnt  /roPi  th  Six  L't:rt,J  ,\dticns  i:>  the  A/t/^  aj 

KnyJ.md,  • 
T  \)  .///  / ,  •:;/•.,•'.•  thrit  pn  fctits  P.\ill  (•'>;<•,  4)r  may  con 
nan:  \\  c  tli^  LuIkmus  aiul  rhli  t- »)t  t!u  Six  Con- 
♦ViKriuc  Nati(ui  ,  .niil  ot"  ilu-  Shtui»tiU",  nil.iwarts, 
Mini^ct?  't  Oliio,  aiu!  oih;  i  Ui  jKMi  l.ini  rrllH».,  on  bt- 
h.ill  ()♦'  J"  «lvc^  .\ik1  01*  tl\c  «\lt  of  t>ur  lv.v1r.1l  nations, 
tlict'  >  \\\k\  \..ir»iorsot  whom  a.  c  rjow  lu  iv  »  onvcncd 
by  Si.  ''///:  .'W  V  '■■.fr,:^  h.iioiui,  hU  ni.'.itt>y's  hijHi- 
inti  I'l.i'  I  ot  onr  .itr.iir  ,    iVnil  rroctiii"; 

'i/.'ittAs  liis  ni  111  Oy  v\.i'.  ^'vk  ioui'v  plcilcd  tc  /  rr.- 
f:fi-  to  us  111  tlio  w.i.  01. t.  tiioiila;,il  Ilmh  liutuircd  and 
lixtv-llvc,  ih.it  .1  /  ;/  ...'./rv  //■('  Dionltl  be  tixctl  Utwccn 
iV.c  Englilh  .iiul  lis,  to  .ilVirt.iin  aiu!  t  ll.ilvHlh  ''Ur  limits, 
and  prtMnt  ihok  intitillons  ..lu!  tiuioachnKnts,  ot 
vhicliwc  hul  lo  loru'  .iiul  N)ii  llv  c(vv.;>l.iint.\l ;  and  to 
put  .1  flop  to  the  m.my  f/\iiuI:iI'.Kt  ;./;  :>./.;r^Jwhich  h.nt 
been  fi)  otltn  l.ikcnotusi  -;  A/.  A /•,,';.. Or y  appc.iring  to 
us  as  a  wife  and  good  ineafini ,  we  did  tht-n  (Jiycc  to  <f 
fart  'jf  a  lini't  and  pioniU'cil  to  fettle  il\e  whole  hnally, 
whenfoever  Sir /r////Vjm  J'^hnfon  lliould  be  fully  iuipow- 
cicd  to  treat  with  us  for  that  i>urpofc; 

And  whereas  his  faid  m.ijelh'  h.is  at  length  givt  Sii" 
Wxlliiim  Johnp.n  orders  to  complete  the  faid  bound. ify 
line  between  the  provinces  and  Indiansi  inconfoinuiy 
to  whieh  orders,  Sh'  H  il/iinn  J^Jnifon  has  con\tned  the 
chiefs  and  warriors  of  our  ref  i>eCtivc  nations,  u'/"5  j;v 
i%c  true  and  ahf'^lutc  j^roprit'tors  of  tlw  lands  m  rjut'jli- n, 
and  who  arc  here  luiw  to  a  very  eonliderable  nun^b^i 

And  whereas  nianv  tmeafineires  and  doubts  have  »- 
vlfen  amongll  \\<,  which  have  given  rife  to  an  appre- 
lunfion  that  the  <'inf  iiiav  not  be  ftrie'tlv  obferved  on  thi* 
pait  of  the  linglidi,  ni  which  e.ife  matters  may  be 
worfe  than  before;  whii  h  appi  i  heni'ion,, together  with 
the   dependant    ilate  ot  tome  of  our  tribes,   and  othei 

circundlaocck. 


A/Tr  of 

•  m.\)'  ( on 
Six  CoM- 
lVl.iwarts» 
IV,  oil  bt- 
.\\  nations^ 
c I onvcncd 
h-'s    fupci- 

Icd  1c  IfG- 
LiDclicci  ;iiui 
tctl  In  two  en 
\  our  limifSy 
hnunfs,  of 
(.-il  i  .iiu!  to 
J  which  h.K? 
\>pcnriiH»  to 
n  arri'c  to  <: 
\oIc  tin.illy, 
lly  impow- 

h  give     Sii" 

11  bouiui.ify 

coiitoi  n.iiy 

|n^tncd  the 

IS,    If/.-'/    Ut 

\c  niiirlKi 
)t.s  h.wc   »- 

an  apprt- 
IvtU  on  iKi" 
Is  may  be 
tcihcr  with 

and  othci 
iitiillancc^. 


[   9»    ) 

iicuninanccs,  rttanhcl  thi-  fcttlcmi  nt,  nnd  bcc;inu  tl 


ic 


lubitA    of  Ionic    iltbali-;   Sir   //';/, 


Uiii^thfofiirj.itmfieJ  us  u/':n  it^  as  to  irulu 


'I'iiJTH  J'J>n/ln    /\is   itt 


«.  c  lis  to  come 


Ail  I 


\   H    now 


to  an    a/,i\.cnicut    tciiccrnin^    tf\- line, 
br()n.!;hi  to  \.\  condulion,    //•.•  ivh'Je  bftnyjully  I'xpLnr. 
{  /'  ^j    in  a  laii;c  alTcinbiy  of  our  j.coplc,     l>i/or<'  Sir 


liillirm  7  h'iiln,    .inil  in  tlw  pi  tint,  f  kA'  hij  Kxccllcnc) 


(lu-  (.DNnin-r    (^F  AVu    'Jrr/i'v,   (In 


<  '■nimiJ'y'Ufn  fi  oni 


the  pio\invt*;  oT /'inwrM  and  Pi'tinfylvanid^  and  I'lmdry 


otii'i   ruulfinnii   l>\  'v'lj  iint  Jo  anind 


II 


po 


n,  .1  con 


lldci  able  tract  of  country  al'  ng  j.vtr^il  provitui-^^  u  hy 
vs  itJiil  io  hii  Jaul  JKiiji/iy^  which  wc  aiv  indiu  ^  to, 
anJ .i-  he)  iby  ratify  and  •r^njlrm  t .  hit  /[nJ  vijji-;l ,y  i  koM 


a.  c  in 


Till    1  xiTCTAT  Ion  <inJcos\  IP;  ni  r  ur 

ro},'/  i^o'.Jnffiy  that  hi'  ili/I  ciiALioi  ^l.  y  COMPLY  'j.ith 


pL 


cut 


'       HI.  I.    Kl-    ULSTS,     As      IHL     SAMI 


AKI       LX« 


I'M  -.1  >  IN  THI-.  srr^CII  Ol  IML  SI  VIRAL  NATI- 
ON.., A'VJRISSl.  I)  TO  HIS  MAjr.SIY,  through  Sltt 
WiLl.  I  AM    JollNnoN,  ON  TirsDA  V     1  in:  1  IRST     HAY 


OK  Tur.  Tkisini-  mon  1  h  01  Nov r 


M  u  I.  k  1   w  he  rem 


'.ft  h, lit     Did.  AH  LP   OUR    I  XPrCTATlONS  t/"//*/*  rr///- 

tuiuauit  'h  his  nuijtj^/s  /,:-.  .r,  and  "^ur  dtjire  t^  .it  our 
nm  it/It  t//j  :grmrnts  lu  ohjc  w/,  and  our  affi^irs  at- 
tended to  by  '  -V  6/A.  '  r  who  has  the  m.uujy^emcnt  thereof^ 
enabling  hini  o  dilchargc  all  th.  ma  tci>  properly  for 
our  intcjcfl:  That  the  landi  aaupiid  hy  the  Mohockt^ 
around  their  villains,  a^  \^  1  as  by  an\  other  nation 
aftcctc»l  by  this  our  ccflion,  >ui)  efe.luulls  remain  to 
thctuy  and  to  their  j)olUrityi   and  that  sity  engagements 


regarding  property,  w 


hich  th, 


ev  may  new  be  under,  mav 


be  prorecuicd,   and   c>vr    prejrnt    grants*  deemed  valid 

on  our  parts,   w:th   ;       Jeveial  uthcr    huMhb   requejis 

i  ont allied  m  our  JaiJ  JPeech :  .     , 

•^       ^  And 

Thr  Isanti  ikliifh  the  A' »  \'4tiom  tho  maJc,  and  a/c /rrr    alluHrrf  to. 


•«'' ir  a«  i<)!|.)w ; 


IK  ( 


to  Ml.  Trent; 


(t<><>Co<g<   Cto^'tiaii,    t- ii(; 


M«.llr».  Dhin,  projtfuiMii  vl  ibr  j>rM«tKff  vf  k'tHi)|;h«tit«, 


4llU 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


2.    ..  itST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


■ 


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.  ,f. 


II- 


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V':il 


"*'* 

■""«;, 


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Aiul    u'h.rras    ;U  th     Iculing  of  l  lie  filJ  li  ic,    it  up-     \ 
pC.ircd  th.it  i'ic'  !ij  .!,•/,•  r t hrd  l'\'  his  vhyjcjiy^s  ordii  ^  was 


•  lot  CXtt.  p 


•1     U) 


il 


IC     llOl 


lliw.inl   of   Owii'v,   cr  to  the 


foil' 


I  rri  .It  K.^nkivjA 


wr 


wt  li.ivc  aarocil  to 


.itul  coiitmunl  thr /'>:,■  to  t!ic  n.'rthu'.inl,  on  ;\  Aippoll- 
tltiii  ih.u  il  w.is  oniitii-l,  hv  1^.1(011  ot  our  not  h.ivin.'^ 
conic  to  ,iny  ilcK  1  inin.iiion  lonci-rnnii^  lis  coiuic,  <:'  fhr 
coni^rt'Ji  h</J  ifhorr  thoufaiul  It  <>i'n  hiinilr,:d  itnd  fixty- 
ve : Alul    in.iliniich  as  tlK  lnw  lo    the  i^oithw.ird. 


/ 


lit. 


bvcamc  the  molt  nccolT.tiy  oF  anv,  ior  pit vi'iuiii!;  en- 
croachnants,  on  our  \cv\  towns  antl  iclidcnies;  and 
^v'c  have  given  this  line  more  hivoiu-ably  lo  Pcunf\lvii>:;a 
for  tlie  realons  and  coniiderations  meritioneil  in  the 
treaty  :---We  have  likewile  continued  \i  foutb  to  thf  Che- 
rokee fiver f  hecaufe  the  fame  is,  and  we  do  declare  it 
to  be  our  true  bounds  vitii  the  luuthern  Indians,  tiUiJ 
thiit  ive  have  an  vnJouhti  .i  right  to  the  e'Aintr\  as  far 
fouth  as  that  rivcr^  luhh  h  via.kes  oui  ceilion  to  his  ma- 
jejiy  much  more  advantagezus  than  that  prof  ofed :  A'c-c, 
therefore^  Know  Te^  tliat  we  the  facheiii*  and  ehictsa- 
forcmcniioned,  native  Indians  and  proprietors  of  the 
lands  hereafter  dcfcribed,  for  and  in  behalf  of  our- 
felves  a(id  the  whole  of  our  confedcricy,  i-ou  thf 
CONSIDERATION*  HFRtiN  bffore  mentioned,  and  a/j« 
for  and  in  confideratirn  of  a  valuable  prei«nt  of  the  fc- 
vcral  articles  in  ufe  amongil:  Intiiins,  which,  together 
with  a  large  fum  of  money,  aniouft,  in  the  whole,  fo 
thff  fum  of  ten  thoufand  four  hundred  and  fixty  pounds, 
fttven  fbiltings  ami  three-pence  ftirling,  U  us  now  deli- 
vered, and  paid  by  Sir  JVilUam  JfAkfin,  baronet,  his 
majefty's  folc  agent  and  fupevintendant  of  Indian  af- 
fairt,  for  the  northern  department  of  America^  iirthc 
>•  name  and  behalf  of  our  Sovereign  Lord  George  the 
Third,  by  the  grace  of  God,  oi Great  Britain^  France 
and  Ireland^  king,  defendar  of  tkc  faith  *»  t&6  receipt 

Wk  whereof 


r  93 


1 
J 


I  li  ;ic,  it  :ip- 
*j  ordt  I ,  w.is 
'V,  cr  to  I  he 
vc  agreed  to 
n  a  Aippoli- 
1-  not  li.ivin.' 
omic,  .J'  //" 
i/  .}1]J  lixt\'- 
;  norlhw.inl, 
cvt'nriii!',  en- 
dcntcsj  and 
PcunfyliiOriU 
KMictl  in  the 
th  i'>  thf  Chc" 
Jo  Uitlarc  it 

Ilul'uP.S,     iltid 

'Aintr\  iii  f^if 
n  to  his  ma- 
fofed:  A '(/".(', 
Hid  I  hicts  a- 
ctuis  of  the 
lalf  oi  our- 

i  OK    THF 

('./,   and  nlj9 
t  of  the  fc- 
|h,   together 
iC  whole,  /o 
xty  pounds^ 
s  now  dc'li- 
laronet,  his 
Indian  af- 
ica,  iirthc 
George  the 
n,  France 
he  receipt 
whereof 


u'hcicof  wc  do  hereby  acknowledge;   ive,   the  faiJ  Jn- 
dijns,   hcJi-r  f()r  us,   our  heirs  and  AiecefTorsi,  ^ranted^ 
Inirii'initdj  /;/,/,   rcla/td  and  ccnjinncd ;   and    by  thcfc 
prefents,    do  grants   hargr.in,  ffliy    relcafc  and  onjirni^ 
unto  our  faid  ibvercign  lord  king  Ceor^'c*  tlic  Third,  all 
that  tract  of  land  fnuate  in  Nonh  America,  at  the  h,uk 
cj  the    Britijh  /t'ttliturnt Sy   h'.!:!idjd  b\'  a    lint'  ivhiih  lua   \ 
kivi-    t!',u<    ai;ri'cd  upoiiy   and  do  hereby  elVablifli /jj  //»<?  ' 
BoUNDAKY  between  us  nr.d t>\-  "I'ltijh  <  '.hnies  in  Ame- 
rica;   beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  ChcfAce  or  Hogo- 
h:ge  river,   where  it  emptier  jnto  the    river  Ohiot   and 
running  from  thcnte  upwartls  along  tfic    fouih  lidc  of 
the  laid  riV||r   to  Kittaning^   which  is  above  I'oKt  Pitt\ 
from  thenc^  by  a  dirccl  line    to  the  ncareli  fork  of  the 
welt  branch  of  Si/ffnehaunay   thence  through  the  ^Y/A- 
gnny   mcv.ntainSi    along  the    foiilh  lide  of  the  faid  weil 
branch,   till    it  comeU  oppofiie  to  the  mouth  of  a  creek 
cailed  'T'hidaghtc>i\    theiicc  acrofs  thr  v.x ft  branch,   and 
aloiig  rhc  foiitli  llde  of  that  creek,   and  along  the  north 
hde    of  Burnt  Ps    Jlillsy   to    a  creek   called    .4u'andac\ 
thence  Uonu  the  fime  tothecart  branch  oi Sufrjiu-hannay 
and  acrofs  the  fame,   and  up  the  caft  tide  of  that  river, 
to  OiL'i'gy,    L  jm  thence  eaif  to  Delaware   river,  and 
up    that  river  to   oppolite  where  Tiannder.'a  falls  into 
Hufquehanna  ;   thence  to   Tianaderha,   and  up  the  weft 
iidc  thereof  and  the  weft  fide  of  its  wtfl:  branch,   to  the 
the  head  thereof;   aiid  thcncoby  a  dire(5\  line  to  Cana^    ' 
da  cr<'ek,  where  it  empties  into  tVocd  creckf  at  the  weft 
end  of  the  carryii^g  place  beyond  Fort  Stanwix  and  ex- 
tending eajiward  from  every  part  of  the  faid  linCy  as  fur 
as  the  lands  formerly  furchafed,  fo  as   to  comprcheiwl 
the  whole  of  the  lands  between  the  faid  line,  and  the 
furchapd  lands    or  fettlements,  except  what  is  within 
the  province  of  Pennf\ivania  ;  together  with  all  the«-he- 
reditaoients  and  tppurten^nces  to  the  iamc  belon||pg 

or 


L    94    1 


'I 


*tl' 


'i-'.i 


or  appertaining,  in  the  fullcfl:  and  moH  ample  manne^r, 
and  all  the  eftate,  right,  title,  intcrcft,  propcny,  pof- 
fcflion,  benefit,  claim,  and  demand,  cithfr  in  law  or 
equity,  of  each  and  every  of  us,  of,  in,  or  to  the  fame, 
or  any  part  thereof;  To  have  and  to  hoLl  the  ivhofr  JuuJs 
and  premifcs/'tT^^y  granted^  hargaineJ,  fold,  nUafrJ^ 
and  confirmed  as  aforef.iidy  with  the  hercdiiamciUh  and 
and  appurtenances  thereunto  belonging  i  I'ndi.r  i  hr 

KESEKVATIONS    MADE     IN    THE    TREATY,     untO    OUT 

faid  fovcreign  lord  King  George  the  third,  his  heirs 
anH  fucccflbrs,  to  and  for  his  and  their  own  proper 
ufc  and  behoof,  for  ever.  In  witnefs  whereof,  tv^,  the 
chiefs  of  the  confederacy ^  have  hereunto  fet  our  marks 
and  feals,  at  Fort  Stanfnx^  the  fifth  day  of  Novenjbr.r 
one  thouf«nd  fevcn  hundred  and  fixty-eight,  in  the 
ninth  year  of  his  Majefty*s  reign. 

Signed,  itulcd,  anddrli")  The  mark  of  his  nllion, 

vcrcd  m  ihc  pifftnc€»f  j         Abraham,  oi  "^  chief  of     (I,.S.)     ihcMo- 

'I'yahanfiera,  J      hmks.     The  (led. 
Hendrifk,  oi  ^  chkf     ^l--  S.)     of  the  Tu- 
Saqutrifera,   J      iraroras.     Thr  ftonc. 
„       .      1  r      f  chief     (1..  S.)     of  the  O- 

•  (^      neidas.      The  crols.    • 

Hunt,  or  Che- ■)  chief     (L.  S.)     ofth«0- 
naughcnta,    j   iiondaga«.  Tlie  mountain 
,»,  f  chief     (I..  S.)     of  the  Ca>u- 

^''"'"•i     gas.     The  pipe. 
r,     n  r chief     (!-•  ii.)  of  the  Sene- 

Gauflar.x.|     ,„.  Vhe  high  hill. 


Wm.    Franklin,    govennr 

o/JNVw  Jfjey. 
rredctJck  Smyth,  ch'uf  juf- 

tire  of  Nevf  Jcrfry. 
Thomas   Walker,   cammiip- 
OKcr  for  Virginia. 

reftht 
Richard  Peters,  J    ctuneil 
Jjifleililghman,  J  offnn- 


At  a  Congrefs  held  at  Fort  Stan-wii  with  the  fcveral 

Nations  of  Indians^  SaturHay,  Noveoi^r  the  5th,  1 768, 

Prefent,  as  at  the  ki/f  Meeting. 

j  The  deed  to  his  Alajejfy, one  to^A^  Proprietors  c/^ 

V'.        Pennfytvania,  2nd*the  one  to  the  Traders,  being  then 

laid  on  the  table,  wHre  executed  tn  iht  prefence  of  the 

Governor  ofNcw  Jcrfcy,  Hic,  Commijioners,  of  Virginia 

^■>      -'-U.'fd  *..  and 

,'-'«■ 

rmfmrfir  Kirrrni*,  tnd  (he  %toc  pcribai  is  M(b«^,  Wm»  «Nm  wltiiefl^ 
to  lU  above  4ec4  to  t|>e  Xiiy  «0d  Uteoac t!B  m prafniflvn of  JM^M. 


ample  mannc*r, 

property,  pof- 

either  in  law  or 

or  to  the  (amc, 

the  whole  Linds 

fold^   rcltaffd^ 

cdiiamcms  and 

I'NDI  R    I  HR 

rv,  unto  our 
i''d»  Ills  heirs 
ir  own  proper 
LTcof,  -we^  the 
et  our  marks 
of  Novenibrr 
eight,  in  the 


f    95    ] 


k  i)f  his  luRion, 
(I'S.)     the  Mo- 
'I'lic  (led. 
•S.)     ofthcTu- 
»•     The  (tone. 
i"S.)     otthcO- 
.     The  crofs.    1 
1'  S)     ofth«0- 
»*.  The  mountain 
)     of  the  Ca>u- 


'/'•• .-  '/A.   which   wa,  ;,  '  ,     "^^  °f  "ch  na,iorrccl'"; 

.  A...  c.,,.,^,  /wi ;,;  'V""^""'"  of  .he'd ' " 

-w^r*;:  rur  '■"•--St  ^f;-". 

••  fore  hU  '""""'  'o  him    I     ?"  "  "ffion. 

lore  his  counti    of  err,,  '  ^•'^  '^'J  them  k 

"  rnm..i-  "  at  heart       U^   i.  ^f*  ^ntere/l  s 

••  r.f".";;  "J" '"'  <■-.  "a„',-- "  '"w.  if 

.  ^.  ^^  *"  «noT»    i,        ^ 

The  ,l,-j  .      .  .-  " 

STaf 


f 


:%  -' 


% 


"t    I 


I...:  ■■  -I.'), 


.'^il  ^i 


iS 


:1    i 


I 


,1 :' 


'i   i 

'  i  i ' 

r  i 

'  '■  'i' 

■    ■     1*      i 

!    !'  , 

';■•■'! 
'4  '.i 

j-*^  ■' 

i 

■''1 ' 

f     Qf'     1 


(C 


<< 


(( 
n 

€1 
<( 
(C 


was  cxrriitrd  in  .i  public  mcdinq  of  tlu- qnMf<  f>  n„,r,- 
•♦    Wv  oi  ImLuKSj  that  has  cvfr  biiii  afTnuUKJ,    wiiliin 
'*    th-  tirnc  ot  our  renu-inbrancc,    aiul  tliat  all  who  lud 
**'  any  |)i\  tcuiions  ucrc  ihily  fuminoncil  to  it." 
To  \vhi(  li  thf  Six  X.^tio^s  .lurwcrdtl  ; 
*'     lirotlici-  dorjyh  li'j r;  jii^hiv.iifj-yy 
AVc    lie  now  met  togtihcr  in  iull  tountil,   to  an- 
(wcr  you  coiicirniijq  wiiat  you   hill  (pokf  to    us,    a- 
bout  tlic    A. '/•;,''/    h.ivi>ni  rcuiiwi  ')ur    drt-if^   atui  the 
;■/■  .^\J:  ii^s  ,;.^  t'.rt  Sf.mv.-.'Xy    vjitl:  his  ratification  oj 
//./.<  .'.V,  with  whii  !i  wc  arc  iiiL;IiIy  i)lcalcJ.      Wlion 
v..   Uici  yoii  It)  It)  rrtMi  .1    iuuuh.r,    in  fo  puhlick  a 
manner  at  l-'orl  Stunvjix,  \:e  Ihzitld  hjrdls  f^'ivc  u^UJ 
as  ire'  duly   unlifj  rr.e  /<uil  rccn  foljt'lj'nl  ,f  a    full 
"    RK;nT  so  TO  DO.      AVc  now  dclirc  that  you   may 
**    afl'urc   the  Kifn;^   that   it    v.'ns   cur  /^r^/rrfy  -a-t'  ;u/ily 
**    difpoi'Lil   of",    and     faat    wc   hail    lull    authority    io 
««    to  do." 

CoUNsr.I.l.pK   1)^GGJ.   ofLoNiK)N,  his  >; ////c//;  OU  liiC 
li:i!iii:i  iii\ii:i  oi  j-.ands  to  Jl'illiam  Trent  and  others. 

T^IIE  writers  on  jurilprudcncc  ayrce  in  i lie  propor- 
tion, "  That  rhe  original  right  to  all  kinds  of  pro- 
**  perty  arolc  horn  /r*  s*  r ?//><? ;uv,  and  that  in  a  ftate  of 
**  nature  every  one  miqht  polUrs  hinifelt*  of,  and  rc- 
*'  tuia  any  vacant  fubje(iL"  The  full  occupant  had  a 
rigiu  TO  grant,  cede  or  transfer  the  fuhje^Jt,  he  had 
polkfle^  himfelf  of,  to  fuch  perfons,  a»\d  upon  I'uch 
terms,  as  he  thought  proper;  and  if  before  fuch  grant, 
ceiTion  or  transfer,  the  occupant  died,  his  property 
defcended  to  his  children.  The  right  of  tranfmitting 
property  always  relided  in  the  owner,  and  civil  inflilu- 
tions  only  prcfeiibed  the  mode  of  carrying  that-right 
into  cliccl.  In  that  period  of  fociety,  when  countries 
were  formed,   aud  their  boundaries  fixed,  we  find  that 

different 


[    97    J 


tc(\  iHiin- 

.1,    within 

who  li.id 


il,  to  An- 
[o  us,  :i- 
',  am/  the 
fie  lit  ion  oj 
.  \V1kmi 
piiMick  a 
'live  uHiJ 

a  r  u  1.  L 
you   may 

we  jujily 
Uority    io 


'jn  ou  the 
111  others. 

propo  il- 
ls of  pro- 
la  ft  ate  of 
and  rc- 
\\i  had   X 
he  had 
|on  luch 
|h  grant, 
)ropf  rty 
fmitllng 
linftilu- 
it  right 
mnirics 
Ind  that 
IfFcrcin 


difT-rcul  diftriAs  were  ajjpropriared  to  the  native  o'.vn 
trs,  the  lu ft  occupants,  or  in  cafe  of  vacant,  ordcK- 
\\i\  lands,  to  the  hi  It  difcovcrcrs.  From  thtfc  ori  ^iiul 
proprietors,  caeh  country  was  tranfniiitcd  to  otli^r  -jro- 
prictors,  by  the  coiifent,  oi  by  the  conqutft  of  the 
prcftnt  owrurs. 

Ill  il>c  call   und(.r   confitli  ration,   I    am  of  opinion. 


that  ilic  In.a.ins  of  tiic  Six   \',itic)is  ai 


)ear  to  hi 


linens  appear  to  aavc- L>ccn 
entitled  to  tlu  lands  In  qucftion  from  preocct^Mncv,  or 
from  cotujurft;  but  however  their  right  accrued,  ihey 
are  acknowledged,  in  exprefs  words  by  rhe  deed  of 
refli»)n  to  the  cr()>s  ii,  m.ule  at  Vort  Stanivi.Xf  Novem- 
ber 5th,  176S\  /'v  fMi'c  lu'cn  at  that  time  "  i\\c  trua 
**  anJ  .ihfjiutc  j-r  jf^riefnrs  ofj^he  hinds  in  (^uejiijn  :^  and 
To  iJiey  Were  alio  acknowUdred  ro  he  in  the  publiek 
ncgociations  bitwe  n  EngiiinJ  and  France^  in  the  year 
fsC,  '\J^^\  I  '  ."lilo,  as  is  frated  ii\  the  eafe,  fcvcral 
treaties  of  pc  ice,  and  commerce  enrrred  into  with  par- 
ticufar  nation:^,  or  tribes  of  IndidnSy  by  the  Englilh 
nation,  confider  and  irt.u  the  nati\es,  or  occupiers,  as 
the  lawful  polleliljrs,  and  owntis  of  the  countries  they 
refpcwtively  occupy.  ^    ■    < .  .: "    .   .j^ ,    ,v  ■♦ 

The  deed  of  cefllon  to  the  crown,  on  the  5th  of  No- 
vember,  I7^>8,  was  made  in  confideratlon  of  10460/. 
7  J.  jrA  ftcrling,  then  paid  to  the  Six  United  Nntipns^ 
and  for  other  confiderations  mentioned  and  exprcflVd 
II  in  that  deed,  and  the  treaties  previous  and  preparatoiy 
to  it.  This  deed  o^  cdTion,  the  conveyance  to  Mr. 
Trentf  and  the  trr.uiis  in  1765  and  1768,  muft  be 
confidcred  together,  as  they  all  tend  ^o  fllnftrate  the 
whole  tranlUiflion,  an  !  explain  the  intention 
contracting  parties:  And  taking  the  whole  un 
fideration,  it  appears,  that  the  Six  United  Nat 
truly  fenfible  of  the  great  lofs  the  traders  had  fuftained 
by  the  treachery  and  depredations  oi  ibmc  of  their  tri- 


»' 


i  ' 


\   of.  the 

«*! 

ider  con- 

t    • 

ions  were 

» 

N 


biitiry 


>  '  ■  ■     ! 


*'i     "1 


"liiir 


.11 


^Y 


:^\ 


'  \' 


I" 


.*^ 


\       >)^       1 

l>ut.iry  or  lUpcihl.iiii  tribi-,-,  th..i  .\  r  v|iiit*ti(»ii  w.is  rn:.tr 
l(»  ilu  A.^x   [  >;./t.I  J\.il,     J   in  iM.ty,    I7^;,    tor  :i  gr.in 
ot  l.r.iil,    l>y  \\  Ay  (.It  I  (>ra,vi»l.iii;i",  in  Ioiik  tiK.iliiri    fo 
tin- il.iiii.i  V  1  tlu  ti  .u!i  is  li.ivl  r.ifi.iii.' J,    in' (In    iIl  jMiihi 
tioiii  ol  tlnir  ilij)  lul  111  Df  ti  i'uit.ii  V  /•;.';,/'' 1  ,    tli.n   iIk 
.S.'\  Ati/;'y;j/,  .ttV  r  Jtlibi'iMlUi;',  iiivi' i!k   .''.((m'Miv,  t!it  y 
\\fJ\tii  tin:,  ii  ijuilltiDii  w.i,  in.nlr,  to  tiu'  Mliof  \i.i^,t!uy 
.iiV^cnl  /6../  t/ic  ;,  /.../'   :/'//\-  //.-..'r.'-.r  /'■:///./  / c-  i  .^nptiid 
"..•iihy    mil    /''(V  ".<-■- .v.'.'  :v. .".•.'   t'-iU!    /''■.•(■/./•;»/.(  ;;<Mr  F'>f 


> ';<7  .  tli.'.f  .u  iIk  C'(M.  Mch  .uuI  Itl.mv  l.i  No\in;bcr, 
1  7f^^^\  'i>-''«!  -It  loit  .S />;•.;:  .'V,  |l;.A'!i.  '.,  ,i  i.i  S.ithcni' 
<'l  the  A/ V  r '///(./ A'.i//.;;.!  .ii'.iin  took  iHis  m.au  r  uiuli  i 
their  coniuk' ration,  anJ  upon  ii\.  lirft  il.iv  of  fl\;u 
month  cxprt'lUy  ihclainl,  ili.it  "  in  oi  Jo-  to  \\u  w  th.ir 
they  Unc  iunicc,  they  txp.i'u'i.1  that  the  ti.iilcrs  who 
iuflVjtd  by  loiTif  oi  ihcii  Jcp.  lul.ints  in  tin  w.u  \\\\ 
yc;irs  lincc,  uiii;ht  \\a\\  a  grant  (or  the  lamls  they 
*'  thi.M  gA\c  tl\tm  ilown  ChiOy  as  a  lUtlsfaclion  fui 
•'    their  h)ires." 

On  the  31I  day  of  the  l.une  month  ot  NovcnU)er,  ilu 
Six  Nations^  by  their  Saelieins  uiid  Chiefs,  executed 
the  conveyance  to  Mr,  Trcnty  which  proceeds  iiuon  a 
recital,  that  he  had  been  inipowered  tiyieNeral  letter;? 
ot  attorney  from  the  hitlerinij  traders  named  in  the  laid 
deed,  to  alk,  lolicit,  demand  and  receive  fron>  the  Six 
Nations  a  grant  of  a  tra^^i  of  land,  as  a  fatisfa^tion, 
compenfation  and  retributioil*for  the  goods,  merchan- 
dize and  etlecks  of  the  iaid  ll'ilUiim  Trcnt^  and  of  the 
feveral  traders,  which  the  faid  i/jdilwr/i',  DcLiware  and 
Huron  tribes,  tributaries  of  the  faid  .Six  iK'aticnSy  (con- 
tral'v  to  all  good  faith,  and  in  violation  of  thgir  repeat- 
ed promifes  of  fafety  and  proic<51ion  to  the  traders,  their 
fervants  and  ellecU,  while  trading  in  their  country)  did 
violently  feize  upon,  and  unjuiily  appropriate  to  their 
own  ufe.  .  ,^,  .     ^ 

y      -  .  -     A  The 


[\ 


'  >»    K)r  a  [;rnn. 

'">    I  IK.. I  lure  for 

''•■'•".  rlni  t!„ 
•''^'Miy,  r!i,y 
''"'^'  •■Vi.iy,tluy 

•'"''/f  z/^'./r  ^',7 
'•"  ^•'"\imlKT, 

^  '"■•nil-  nruld 

!  (o  IIk  u-  th.ir 
^   "uitrs  who 

'    ^'ll'    W.li     (^vc 

'><■    la.uls   tlnj 
tiiiiaction    foi 


o/  A, 


riic  (J. 


•cj  1 1 


(     99     I 


>,' . 


ifn 


<>  t  6 


•"^<(.nfs,  ti 


"^  i'oU,    ,) 


'  ■•  «.  I 


'•"  '"  «  onfi.j 


.11 


fi 


'"«■'*  /i.in.l 


'<-•  '-inic  ly 


lu-ful 


'*•'"    f'K-  t,,,J 


''^'•'>  wli.J 


'^■"■•«  the  an 


" '^''O    Oi    (I, 


I'Mtion  of  il 


)c 


^*>uiir  ,,f  ,1 


•^^  l>''oviiic, 


•I  ((Mini 


••niLi 


I   «'ll   O.I 


'"^    ''^    :'<orc/:u\l 


^^^^;VU„iuliiy,Vi,^.^, 


J(.  (Jl 


til  .((III  .,ij 


Wl 


>c  go 

'  tak 


Oils 


aru 


"■"ia(i,„)j,.,^|  , 


'^'^"^  jn/laiu!    f 


iiir 


\Vclc     1 1 


to  (I 


^''     ^'V///,,„;     -^^J^ 


'""    '^^'i!''!  aaif  il 


"^">»  ai.'cJ  whic' 


'^^^'  I>'-ocfucaf. 


''^■',  att/ 


■J'iu-  C, 


111  <■; 


//. 


AM  , 


for   fl; 


'^"/Ofi. 


ul  ,S,,,  I 


in'/jt.d  whh  a 


irii 


a; 


U'ni 


'''  '•*'^'  M)n/,M 


s  o 


inns 


;j  > 


V7';//c,  his  / 


J  id 


<.l-.tf|(),,v 


'  ''"    <aij  .V..V  / 


ijivc- 


and 


Jf  iiiiVl 


'^■'f'J  A;/. 


'"  coin],} 


in   J 


Kii 


V:'^^^_"Ma,uldcri 

'i^'fy,  i,is  J 


•"^''    '^"•g^''na.,d/.J| 


urs,    f 


'I '  ation 


iiiau 


o 


»^"  ''uM   //v//. 


'nd  ior    ,1 


)e 


./;/    '/•/■ 


l>is  M 


t] 


^^'  or) 


/, 


'y  11/; 


rc>!/. 


hh  h 
alK  c 

"lanu 


in    / 


Uii- 


»     '>'  Iklif 
lis 


ind    / 


'uyai 


llCCcii 


^>  to  hold 


and    hih 


ors. 


b 


unto 


leir 


iiu 


J  a/I 


;:^^"    'h\ln.   and 


"'^^  '>f"  the  iiiid 


^'^  to  and  f 


or 


'^■^"i=>   'o    have-  I 
t'l    in   f/ 


'^','is    ioi-  cv 


as  atti 


/////; 


^.//^ 


)(-«.]: 


""^■y  •l<oiviaid. 


'I    ill    f/ic    t»,.,,r  ^  '"^  n 


v;;;/i/5 


the  C 


v//;/.7 


'    •'^"^'    ''^\or.dot|, 


oners  fVom  / 


convey- 

J»uhiitJc 

'Over nor  of 


""«'-<-^''^",   and  arrefted 


•^.'■''"^•^•,    whit] 


i'i'nl 
On  t] 


by  ti 


tl 


'■''  ]"-i''ons  wh 


''.^"'■'^/.^  arid 


le  c 


xccu 


"  -tttcnded 


tmnity  and  Cm^ 


'-''  '"^'-^ns,  received 


''""  o^' this  con. 


ion. 


'"■'  j^h  <hty    Of   the  /^i 


^'  ^very  decree 


lO 


J^^«»  the  raid  Chief. 


f  cefl 
'ipon  the 

fwhicj 
h'^   the  orii 


^"d  .Sach 


'"«^  nionth  of  ^^ 


•""  ;o  J,i.  Maje/ry,   of 
nt' river  OA:.       ,       .  . 


Jn  tills  dce(i' 


^•ms  cxerntcd  ti 
•gt.'  trae^t  of 


ovemhci 


a  i 


u 


5cir  deed 
country 


o^'  ce/]Jon  the  7,;^, 


ovenXr'''h  '"\'''^'''"^''^  '"  ^^^' nii„utes  of  p"' """^^ 
,_  ^'\  sth,  v.i^ere  the  trad....  ..      ?."^  ^"".^'-cfs 


cr 


liiat   ti 
'^n  the 


Preft'tjf 


I'f'^nts, 


^^''^"^^tiu^nmadeJ^^rryT'"''^"^^ 


W 


I 


ICO 


] 


l»' ' 


■t 

lij 

'i 

'   .1 '' .          ' 

r     ■ 

i| 

'41 

I  r  '  , 


Jr 


■,  a  3 


Vitiui  en  tJ-nr  j^.uf^'^   and    tluy  convey    to   the   King, 
ii'»t  only    in  t  (.Milil,  I  atioii   o!    tlic    pnlcni    iluii  ni.idc, 


a  cl 


K'  ruDn, 


L     10460; 
in  tl»«.  d  ccl 


>' 


tl 


icn 


.1 


I'.iin       y  Ui^  Kiiiu,    auioiuitin^.;   to 
•    I  .>»  tor  tl'c  mlur  i  onlltLi  aiioiu 


)i  I.   nicin ion. 


.liH 


I'-  //. 


./ 


tac  Kin^^,  lii.^  iu'i'S  .ukI  Inv-t  T*" 
A  1  U)N    M  ADi:   IN    in  r.    \  h 
Cl  Hion  to   tlic    IC!n.'    vi.ri-.i,   i^ 
to  Mr.    Ttcnt. 


i;.j  ii.s 


/('-  '  tlum  IS  to 
/   ihi'  Kr.SLRV- 
. h.ii  il\c  deed  of 
he  cuiiVcyaiKc 


I't'on  ilu- \vli.>l*'    I    .un  (.1  >)|'iMii»n,    tli.ii  Mr.  Trent, 


In   lis  .)\v  n  ii:,in,    .nul  .is  .itiorncv  tor  tht  tr:ul 


I  rs, 


hath 


iJ  r/y^J,  l.iv.Jul  d):J  Jtijficifin  /;//r  to  the  l.iml  gr.intnl 
hy  t!ic  r.iitl  died  and  tonvcy  incf,  fiibjtcl  only  to  the 
Knii',';.  lovtr.ignty  over  the  lutlcnuiUi  to  be  titablifhcd 
thw-reon,   and  otcr  the  inh»ibiiHnis,   as  y-u^lijh  lUbjte^a. 

Henry  Dn^ge. 
Lincchi^s  If.}jy   March  io,    1775. 

Sc/jiu.:t  ('fyHf   the  late  Ri  coKDKR  c/  t/w  city  j/  I.cn- 

<yi//'j    Opinion. 

I  Entirely  conriir   with   Mr.  Dagge  in  l\is  opinion,    on 

tliis  calc.      The   property    of    the    foil  cor.\fyed  to 

Mr.  Trent y   for  himklf  and  as  attorney,    was  certainly 

ill  the    Six  A'titio:is,'  ind  as  incident  to  that  property, 

they  had  a  power  of  alicr^ating  and  transfeiring,  in  any 

manner,   or    to    any    perfons,    unle/'s  the\  had  been  re - 

/i rained  h  thtir  cxvn  laws.      In  this  cafe,    the  fuprenie 

power   of  tlie  country  rtfidcd  in  the  i'ellcrs,   who  had 

therefore  an    (ihfclute   poiver    of   alienating;   and    the 

tranfacPiion  being  fair  and  open,   and    for  the    exprefi 

pnrpofc  of  doing  an  a<fl  of  public  jullice,  mull  bind  the 

Six  Nations    in   good  faith.      If  wc  fvppofe,   that    the 

fovercignty  of  the  land  ftill  remains  in  the  Six  Nationsy 

the  property  of  the  foil  mt/Ji  be    in    the  grantee^  Mr. 

Trentf  and  cannct^  without  -violence^  an^  injufiice^  he 

.  ^  •        .   taken 


#1 


[     101     ]  ■ 

i.iken  fi  Qin  hjm.  The  very  av^,  however,  ot  ihc  fovc- 
icign  jumvlf  of  the  Six  Aatiom  admits  a  capacity  in 
the  i^iantce,  to  t.iki  uiulcr  the  iLcd  accoi  iling  to  their 
laws  or  ul'.ii'.ej  .;//./  tht'fi  is  no  /.i-u',  t/ut  J  cvvr  heard 
cf\  thdt  tfji  rains  the  fuhjects  of  I  In-  cro^vn  of  En^ldnd 
from  pur  ihjfii.^  in  fQrtign  dominions.  Tlie  intention  of 
il)f  parties  here  appe.trs  to  h.ivu  hccn  to  transfer  the 
fuvcrei<Muy  to  the  crown  of  EngUndt  by  the  i'.ime  in- 
Ihanient  \vherel)y  the  latiU  was  conveyed.  This  tranf- 
fer  of  the  lovereignty  is  ellc(Jli!.il  j  it  palFv-'d,  and  is  con- 
llrmi  J  by  the  deed  of  cellion  to  the  i  rown,  dated  two 
d  lys  after  j  but  fubjeet  however  to  all  the  antecedent 
riglits  of  property  i  the  crown  being  entitled  oni^'  to  the 
immediate  property  of  vacant  and  un.ippropriatcd 
lands;  but  in  this  e.ife,  the  lands  are  abandoned  by  the 
proprietors,  and  conveyed  to  the  i;rantee-  If  the 
crown  had  an  original  fovcreignty,  flill  the  foil  being 
the  property  or  the  S/.v  Ndtionsy  they,  and  <heir  alienee, 


rit\<  of  I.lK'     H     Ihoidd   be   prolccli'd   by  liiat  fovereii^nty  in  their  pr 


o 


pv.iiy.  If  the  crown  iicipiired  the  lovereignty  by  the 
!M  .int  to  Mr.  Ttcnt.  or  bv  the  deed  of  ccfiion,  the  title 
o'c  the  granue  is  then  under  the  protection  of  the  law? 
oi  F.mrl.ind. 

Upon  the  whole  I  am  of  opinion,  that  in  every  wav 
of  confidcring  this  cafe,  the  gratit  to  Mr.  Trent  ii good , 
lufjicient   and   laivfit! ;   and  ib    under  the  proie^fion    of 


the  laws  of  Enghwd. 

SrRjLANi's  Inn,   April  13,    1775, 


J'jhii  Glyni: 


■>'i  i 


^ 


H 


The  ingenious  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin^s  Opinion, 
AVING  long  fince  carefully  fbudicd  thefe  points, 
I  concur  fully  with  Counlellor  Z)rt^^^r  and  Serjeant 
6'/J72,  in  their  opinions  as  above  delivered.  ■  ,. 

•    Ji.  Frankiifi, 
Philadelphia,  July  izih,    1775-  r.  .v''<;  %  W"  ' 


_i 


•  ■^'. 


•'*. 


% 


r ' 


r?=^^ 


Ml!  ' 


1^ 


I 


n  \ 


f.    ^02     ] 

//r;  Excellency  Patrii  k  Hmry^   late  (^nifrnor  if  I 


ir^! 


tita  s 


o, 


Mmon. 


1711 OM   priticiph'Sy  ivhich  iippf,\r  tomt   Trt\   cUdr^    I 

concur  in  thi- above  opinihis.  P.  Hfnr\^   inn. 

Philatlclphia,  July  :9tl\,    1775. 


0»  J 


The  opinion  0/ Edmund  Pendleton  Efqitirc    formerly  //>r.i(  - 
tr  of  thchoiifc  of  ilcligiffs  cfCir^inittanJ oneof  its  rc- 
pvcftMUativcs  in    the  Coiigrcfs    of  the  L^nttcd  StiitcSy 
ami  at  prcfent,   one  of  i\\i:  judi^cs   of  the   high  court 
of  appeal  for  thAt  Ht.ife. 
T    Was    always    of  opinion,   that  .1  purcliafc   of    lauiU' 
made  by  a  liritijb  fuhject  of  tiic   liiJi.im  ^vlthont 
the  faniftion  ofgow  rnnient,  waswhullyinelVectual  topafs 
a  title;   mil   hid    Cjlone!  Cr^^hans   pure liafe  from  tl»e 
Six  Natictis  of  lands  on  the  Ohi^Am\  iis  l^ranchcs,  ftood 
upon  that  ground  only,    I  Hiould  have  thought,  he  ae- 
<]uii-ed  no  tide  thereby  i    but  wlien  jn  //•»  trrtit\  at  Fort 
Stanwix^    for  a   cellion    of    fonic  JnJi.in    lands    to  the 
crovHy    inrluding   thole  they  had  eontraftcd  to  fell  to 
Colonel  CroghjUf   the    Indians   tlileloled    that    contra«^t, 
aiu!  inhiled  on  a  re/'ervati->n  ofihatluul,    t'^whieb  the 
commijji'.nirs  for  the  crown  ccnfentcd^   and  were  witnef- 
fes  to  a  deed  which  the  Chiefs  thqn  executed  ior  con- 
veying the  title  to  the  Kini\f'r   his*ufey    this  made  it  a 
government   tranficiionf   and  gave   Air.  Croghan  a  iiood 
title  to  the  land  againji  the  cro'wny  i^  whom  the  title  of 
vacant  lands  was  then  fnppofcd  to  be,   and  from  whom 
all  land  titles  were  to  be  derived  to  the  members  of  the 
community,   and  of  courfe  agaxufi  the  community  them- 
f elves. 

1  am  therefore  of  opinion,   that   the  title  of 'C§lonet 
Croghan,   or  thofc   claiming  under  him,   cannot  be  im- 
peached,  without  efliihlifbing  principles,   \uhich  mufi  de~ 
firoy  every  ether  grant  from  the  crown,  under  the  former 
conjlitution.  '  ,  Edmund  Pendleton. 


Virginia,  July  ly,  1777. 


'* 


The 


/*'il"tt:'> 


u)t  jun. 


om'2/  its  rc- 

high  court 

L"   of   l.uuU' 

'■'}(  without 

ctualtop.ifs 

c  from  llji: 

dies,  i\aod 

ght,  he  a(  - 

tity  at  Fort 

luls    to  ihc 

1  to   fell  l(» 

contr.i«^t, 

'/  whit  If  tit. 

\'c  witncf- 

1  ior  con- 

mailc  It  a 

han  a  y^ood 

t]»e  title  of 

oni  whom 

CIS  of  the 

nity  them' 

I  of'C§lonct 
\nci  hi  im- 

\)  muji  dc~ 
\ht  former 
idlit^n. 

The 


I 


//«•  C^imon   r,f  J.uihs    Alfrnry    Ffi|i   a    Coiuiftllor  At 
Law  in  I'irginiii,    and   one  of  tlie    iatc  Di/iy^utts  in 
C:ni^n'fi,  for  that  State. 
I  JPOX  lonlkleraiion  of  the  deed  t)f  coniirmatloii  of 
the  .|th  of  No\tinber,  1768,    from  .V/';-.//'.rv»,    Ty~ 
iihanartfira  and  otlieis,  lix  Chiefs  of  the  Six  Aaticns, 
to  Colonel  O'loriu   Cronhaiu   for  three  tradh  of  Ian  '  on 
I\7onotigihc  lii  and   6/;/6,    and    confideiino    the    lircuin- 
ftantis  attending  of  making  futh  a  iU<d,   to   wit,   that 
it  wRs  made  at  a  publie  treaty  at  Fcrt  Stanwixy   in  pre- 
fcncc  c/  the   Ccmviif/icncrs  of  the  Ci'jwn^  who  attend- 
ed the  execution  of  the  deed,   and  approved  the  fame, 
that  the  Chiefs  did,  by  a  /iz/^:  publlclcly  delivered  to  the 
laid  CcHuuriflloners,   dechire,   that  the   vljolc    of   that 
treaty  liiould  be  eonfidered  as  void,    unlcfs  his  Majt  rty 

did  conlirm  ihtir    deed    to   Colon'l  Croghan^ 1  am 

clearly  of  opinion,    that  ColoMel   Croyhan  has    ay    un- 
dcubtt'J  titli'  to  the  lands  eontained  In  the  deed  aforc- 
faidi  picvidcd  thiy  lu  in  I  iryinui ; — and  my  opinion  is* 
founded  on  principles,  whitii  differ  this  cafe  from  the    { 
cafe  of  Mr.  Hendtrfon  and  others,  which  are  now  com-   \ 
bited  by  this  State.  ^ 

//  is  ackiiQVjUJgedon  a U  hands ^  that  Indians  by  their 
Chiefs  have  a  power  to  fell,  and  convey  their  lands, 
;iccordingly  government  has  heretofore  uniformly  trea- 
ted with  Indian  Cntefs  for  the  purchaje  of  the  lands  of 
their  nation,  and  have  purchafed  ami  accepted  deeds  for 
the  fame.  The  policy  of  government  has  however  difputcd 
the  right  of  individuals  accepting  grants  from  Indians, 
the  legality  of  this  principle,  or  its  policy  need  not 
however  be  now  coniidei^d,  as  1  conlider  CoIoneiCrog- 
han^s  deed  from  the  fa£ls  above  ftated,  free  of  any  ob- 
jc^ion  that  can  arife  irom  either;  for  this  deed  being 
made  to  his  Majefty  his  heirs  and  fucceiTors,  there  is 
no  doubt,  but  there  is  a  grantee  capable  of  accepting, 

and 


i 


# 


iil 


\:'." 


'i- 

r 


«n 


i  I 


I'M 


ii! 


!!  '  .H 


l.'tif'    ''! 


rt>     ',.  lit 


[       1 04      J 

.ukI  its  being  nr\Ac  ;\t  .1  i)ul^ric  luaty  villi  ilic  knoTV- 
Kiloe,  iiul  iinprob.itioii  oi  the  cominifllvjntrs  in  whom 
the  crown  w.is  npii  Icntcd,  any  objection  from  policy 
mull  tail,  however  thib  Jc«  il  lias  flill  lurtlur  lupport 
from  the  act  ot  lii^^  Majcfty.  Its  (outcnts  were  reported 
amoni'  tlie  oilur  r-roc Cellini's  oi  the  treaty,  and  the 
tiilk  atorcmciitioncd  alfo,  by  which  the  whole  treatv 
was  to  Ik  ikuixd  2<oiil^  imlels  his  Majefiy  did  confirm 
//•/f  tl'.tJ.i  1''^  IMajefiy  approved  the  treaty,  and  pro- 
mikvl  t>)  I  oin.ily  w  itli  it;  lurtly  then  this  deed,  as  part 
11  ..-J  ( .  jh  u:,  .!,  liowc  vei  1  ihj  not  conlichr  an  exprci*^ 
en;V.i;'<.  nu  ni  ot  hii  Maicl'tv  to  lullil  this  dceil,  ^isnrcrl- 
fny  .':  /'f  {  f^val — lor  as  he  knew  ot  the  deed,  and  ilu 
conditions  annexed,  un'els  his  Majeliy  from,  fome  pub- 
lic a*n  otnotorieiy,  iHjiipprcvcJ  the  trccityy  imd  deed, 
I  am  ot  opinion  he  thereby  contented  to  confirm  the 
deed,  and  hold  I'u  laitds  therein  deferihed,  in  tritjl 
for  Cclop.^l  Cro^h.in  iiaon/i/iLi  to  the  tcrnu  of  the  dc-cd. 

James  ALiCtr 
July  2  2d,    1779. 

On  the  2jth  of  July,  I  77(^,  Colonel  Cf-^r/^r /Jfor- 
gan  received  a  limimons  to  attend  John  Harvy^  Charla 
Stmnify  Jama  Hood  and  .Ihrahiim  Hite^  Efqrs.  Com- 
miflioners  appointed- by  the  Convention  ot  I  irgiyiia^  to 
attend  them  at  Pittjlntrgh^  the  2d  of  September  fol- 
io-vLng.  Thefc  Commiflioners  were  authorized  to  col- 
ledt,  and  commit  to  writing,  evidence  in  behalf  of  the 
ftatc  of  Virginiay  agaijjjtl  the  leveral  perfons  claimirq 
l^nds  within  its  fuppefcd  territory  and  limits,  under 
deeds  and  purchafes  from  ll>e  Indians. 

On  the    I  ft  of  0«^ober,    1776,   the  Propr'riors  of, 
Indinna    (or  the  traders  grant)   tranfmitied  the  follow- 
ing  memorial   to  the  Honfe  of    Delep^aies  o^  Firginiai 


•V    .«    '    •    T       ■       ♦, 


•i;tl    ' 

I     ! 


••"*-, 


\-.i'-. 


"li^vv 

,   .-■.•flK--v4     , 


-  < 


n 

\ 


51,,'  ^-. 


f     '^5     ] 

The  Memorial  of  the  ^  Aflcmbly  met.      . 

or  tuf  rroprictort  of  a  traifV  r.r  i«    i 
the  ^yj/o.  caiu.i  /  J  Of  land  on*^ 

•n/"  of  protcftioo  to  the  p"2,°   f""'"  "'^'•«'  P™'  ^  ■• 
of  fuch  trade,,,  a,  ftouU  f      ,  *   ^"'""'  "«'  «««• 

fuftaioed  by  the  dl'or^rt    •   "P"""""  "f 'he  damage, 

>  treaty  held  at  Fort  sZ^L^   f  "S"""":.  at 
*onnde™ticnofthefumofr8c^.r^'""'7«8.  '«  • 
of«he  value  of  the  dara.eff!ffr.'  'T  «•"»««"»>« 
«oft  .utheatic  documen  f^ele  t;;"'"^  ^'  '^^k  *«    ^ 
"ce  of  them  allowed    .od  J.   P™'*""''.  and  th«  juf- 

^jy.he  faid  .^  :.:!)w42^,rthf.'^  •''r-'"*-- 

°;rvi"'  pwpri«or, .«« of;  Lt '™'  *f*^^^ 


v^ 


T^x: 


^ 


■IM^y 


%■ 


.  'J 


>  I 


"i    ! 


lr:i;f 


■i\ 


its 


l-l 


A'M 


I     io6     1 

thtTicc  along  the  l.aurtl  l/i//,  muil  it  firikes  the  rlvci 
M'iii:ngehcLi  .  ihcncc  down  the  ft  ream  ot  the  faicl  river 
/^hnaii^chtltiy  accoi\lini;  to  tin.  fcvcral  com  lis  thereof, 
to  the  loiuhcrn  bouiularv  line  of  the  province  o(  Pcuu- 
fylvanlu  ,•  thenee  wcllerly  along  the  00X11!"'  of  the  faicl 
provnicc  boiindary  line,  as  tar  as  the  Tanie  ihall  ex- 
tent!, and  from  thence  by  the  !'amc  courfc  to  the  river 
Chio,  thence  down  the  laid  river  (5^ii?,  according  to 
iho  fcvcral  eourfcs  therc<?f,   to  the  place  of  beginning. 

That  the  laid  giant  \v.;s  obtained,  after  mature  con- 
fideration  of  the  grantors,  nndtr  the  immediate  fuper- 
In tendance  of  iiir  ll'illidm  'j'.hnjjn^  and  executed  ni  the 
prcllncc  of  the  Governor  of  Nc'v  Jerfey^  and  others, 
among  whom  was  the  Commijficnttr  then  attending 
the  general  treaty,  in  behalf  of  the  colony  of  r;>^//;i«7. 
AH  which  will  appear  manifeil:  by  a  reference  to  a  copy 
of  the  deed  annexed  to  this  racmorial. 

That  your  MemorialilU  having  thefe  fae^h  before 
them,  could  not  obferve  but  with  concern,  that  the 
convention  of  Virginia  had,  by  their  rclolvc  of  the 
24th  of  June  lalf,  laid  11  foundation  for  calling  in 
qucftion,  among  others,  the  validity  of  the  title  of 
your  metnorialifts  to  the  lands  To  fairly,  antl  with  lb 
much  jufticc,  granted  to  them,  and  for  obftrudling 
them  in  the  fale  and  difpofition  of  their  own  property. 

Firfb.  Becaufc  the  retribution  made  to  your  memo- 
rialifts  was  made  in  the  molt  public  and  lolemn  man- 
ner, and  could  or  ought  not  to  have  been  a  matter 
iinknpwn  to  the  convention. 

Secondly.  Becaufe  it  originated  not  only  in  the  firm- 
eft  principles  of  juftice,  cftabliflicd  by  the  laws  of  na- 
ture and  nations,  but  in  the  foundelt  policy* 

Thirdly.  Bccaufe  it  had  been  made  by  the  perfons, 
who  have  been  acknowledged  in  all  public  and  general 
treaties,  and  truly  were,  at  the  tirfic  of  the  grant,  the 

folc 


:s  the  rivci 
\c  faicl  liver 
fcs  thereof, 
cc  (^f  Pent:- 
of  the  faid 
le   ihall  ex- 

to  the  ri\ci 
cconling  to 
"  beginning, 
niiiture  con- 
JiAtc  Tupcr- 
cutci-l  m  the 

.\nd  others, 
n    aticndint! 

of  f''r<j//;i.7. 
ice  to  a  copy 

facts    before 

n,   that   the 

Volvc  of  the 

calling    in 

he    title   of 

and  with  fo 

obflrufting 

n  property. 

ur  memo- 

lemn  man- 

n  a  matter 

in  the  firm- 
laws  of  Da- 
le perfons, 
Ind  genera) 
[grant,  the 
folc 


L     107     3 

folc  owners  and  proprietors  of  the  lands  granted,  and 
of  confequence  having  full  right  to  grant  the  fame.--- 
And— 

Fourthly.  Becaufe  at  the  limc  of  the  grant,  there 
was  no  fublilhng  ftatute,  law  or  ordinance  whailbcver, 
prohibiting  perfons  fron\  accepting  a  grant  of  land 
from  the  natives. 

And  yet,  if  afier  what  has  been  OiTered,  the  title 
of  your  inomorialiAs  ihould  notwithlhmding,  at  any 
future  lime,  be  called  into  dikulhon,  conlcious  of  the 
equity  and  validity  of  their  right,  they  Ihall  never 
hclitate  to  fubmit  it  lo  a  pro|>t.r  judicatory,  nor  to 
defend  it  in  the  ordinary  courfe  of  jufticc. 

Under  thcfe  circumll.mces  your  mcmorialiils  con- 
fide, that  the  k''iflature  of  the  colony  of  rirrinia  will 
not,  by  any  ad  or  profeeding  whatcvci,  impeach,  or 
in  any  rcfpe«J\  prejudice  the  title  of  your  mtmorialifts, 
fo  well  etlablilhcd  on  ihe  principles  of  realon,  equity 
and  policy. 

Our  reailers  will  now  have  i\cn  the  title  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  the  trac^  of  land,  called  huiiandy  deduced 
from  a  treaty,  on  the  part  of  the  King  oi  Great  Pritnin 
with,  and  grants  from  the  Six  United  -Yations  of  /ncfi- 
itnSf  as  well  to  the  King,  as  to  thcfe  Proprietors,  and 
all  circi'.mft.inces  attending  the  fame.  They  will  alfo 
have  colle(Sled  fron*  tl  e  foregoing  pages,  that  the  ftate 
of  I'irginia  fcts  up  preienllons  to  <j//the  lands  compre- 
hended within  the  boundaries  of  the  country  purchafed 
trom  tlic  Six  nations  by  the  fame  King  at  Fort  Stanivix  ; 
and  alfo  to  all  the  tcrritoi-y  extending  from  thence  to 
^he/out/)  fca.  The  legiflaturc  of  Virginia^  after  coun- 
cil had  been  heard  in  the  boufc  of  delcrdtcst  on  b(  half 
of  the  proprietors  of  Indiana^  {\\\t  fenate  houfe  refuf' 
ing  to  permit  council  to  fpeak)  pafied  an  ^x  fojl 
fd^^laiVy  and  declared  their  title  to  be  ve/</,' and  of 


y 


•    '1 


•i 
I 


h?'. 


mi 


'  ti 


'  ii 


liili  fi 


.:','; 


St 


.!' 


i'.  ,'      J 


^ii  t 


«t 


- 


I      io8     ] 

M>   r^/*'^. Colonel  Crcr[^r  Aftj/otif    a  member  of  the 

houll  of  delegates,  (with  auoiher  gentleman  who  ilid 
not  att^  were  aj>pointed  '*  /^  mafutge  the  ivttrrjis  of  the 
*'  rrv/w^'nut-.i/z/j  5/ /'/>/»/;/ j'^/' upon  liiis,  occafion  j  and 
the  fuhnantial  }»;irts  if  his  ihitf  argimients  (as  taken 
in  writing  b\  \  /ciirhir  tn*  who  attended  the  houfe) 
wt:  :  a:  ''.llow.  lUii  buforc  wc  enter  into  the  examin- 
ation of  them,  wc  earncflly  dclire,  that  it  may  be  un- 
dcrf^Tiod  by  the  good  people  of  that  ftatc,  we  do  not 
tncan,  by  any  obfcrvations  we  fhall  make,  to  caft  the 
flighted  imputation  upon  them,  or  upon  the  gentlemen 
who  fo  honorably  dif^inguiflied  themfclves  in  the  houilc 
of  delegates,  by  propofiug  mcafures  for  doing  jufiice  to 
the  proprietors  of  Indiana,  This,  we  declare,  is  tht 
farthefl  from  our  thoughts,  as  we  entertain  the  hightit 
rcfpcft  for  the  rcftitude,  wifdom  and  virtue  of  the  good 
people  of  Virginia  at  large  j our  ftridtures  are  in- 
tended and  fliall  only  be  pointed  againlt  the  arguments 
of  a  very  few  artful,  ftlf-interellcd  and  deiigning  men. 
Colonel  Mafon  infifted  greatly  xc^on  political  e xpedi- 

tncy  Sind  the /alus  populi. Thcfc  are  very  dangerous 

poHtions,  and  were  mod  arbitrarily  fupportcd  againfl: 
every  principle  of  rca(bn,  juftice  iind  law,  by  the  houfe 
of  delegates  of  Virginia^  inftittuing  itfeif  into  a  court, 
for  the  determination  of  private  propertyy  (refufing  at 
the  fame  time  to  let  the  ordinary  courts  of  juftice  hear 
and  decide  it)  and  fitting  Asjudges  in  a  CAky  where  they 
were  plaintiffs,  giving  judgment  againft  the  defendants, 
and  caufing  an  ex  pojlfaBo  law  to  be  made,  vacating  the 
title  of  the  proprietors  of  Indiana,^  This  was  defpotifm 
in   the  higheft  degree,    and  cfpecially,   as   tha;  houfe 


m 


^  •  miriMm  Trent,   Efq;  one  of  the  Members  of  tlie  Ilouoniblc  Ilouft  of 
A(^emh\jjatthcSt%tte{NevfJerfijf.  .     ^^ 

t  Whoever  violates  frivstt  frtftrty,  or  l^tut  or  aidangen  it,  «P"'°" 
Scnfc  fayi.  thit  he  i»  »•  enemy  to  hh  country;  and  l*ublick  Spirit  fayJ, 
th*t  he  fhould/rr/  itt  vetlgHUce,     Cordon,  *ol.  %. 


ri^ 


r  -T.^. 


■:(j« 


« -■^:- 


iii 


rmber  of  the 
man  who  iliil 
utt-rr/Is  of  the 
►ccafion ;    and 
nts   (as  taken 
d   tht  houfc) 
)  the  cxanun 
t  may  be  un- 
c,   wc  do  not 
c,   to  cafl:  the 
the  gentlemen 
sin  the  houTc 
oing  jufiicc  to 
cclarc,   is  tht 
lin  the  hightit 
ic  of  the  good 
itures  are  in- 
:hc  arguments 
efigning  men. 
iiticat  expcdi- 
ry  dangerous 
rtcd   againft 
by  the  houfc 
into  a  court, 
(rcfufing  at 
juftlce  hear 
|,  where  they 
defendants, 
vacating  the 
as  defpotifm 
that  houfc 

loKiUlc  lloufe  wf 

fri  it,  0$»xnon. 
Ilick  Spirit  iay»i 


iiibchalt"ofriV/J//;/.;,  rc'tiipucLilmio  iht  landbinqucflion 
and  were  of  courfc  parties  tJictuf".  Ives  tothccaull,  which 
they  thus  padcd  jinlgnuiu  upon,  .\ui\  thtri-hy  dcliroycd 
private  riglit,  as  far  as  their  power  extcniled. 

From  the  baneful  doctrine  of  j'^clilual  expiJii-vcy 
have  arifcn  evils  of  the  grcateil  niagnirt;de,  in-  every  aj;c 
and  coinitry.  The  motives  for  Ci\K.  Jliinip  aH  Aud  tlic 
■prefint  ujr  can  be  accounted  for  upon  ihe  fame  j^rin- 
ciplc."It  is  a  doctrine,  whiih  harraiVed  and  grievoufly 
opprelfed  the  fubiccts  of  EngLindy  in  tlie  reigns  of  El'^- 
zahi'thf  James  the  Firft,  and  Cl\2r/r.<-  the  Firfl;— — it 
gave  birth  lojhip  money  Awdjhir  ihamhcr  iinprifonments 
and  numerous  other  cruel  ai'^s  of  tyranny  and  impofi- 

liun; it  generated  Syl/AS  profcriptions,   made  Cafar 

perpetual  dictator,   and  produced    the    prcl'ent  ex  pojl 
facixj  law. 

Mr.  Humcy  when  treating  of  fubjecls  cxuiTHy  fimilar 
to  this,  jufbly  remarks,  that  *'  though  fome  in- 
conveniences mav  arilc  from  the  maxim  oi  ADiir.KiNO 
STRICTLY  TO  LAW,  vct  thc  advantages  /c  much  over- 
balance  theviy  as  J octuld  render  the  EngViJhfor  ever  grate- 
ful to  the  memory  of  their  anceflcrSf  who  after  repeated 
conteft«,  at  lujl  eft ablijhed that  nolli' principle i"—o{ ih\i 
Opinion  too  were  the  freemen  of  Tirginiiiy  in  I'jydi 
for  it  is  cxprefsly  provideil  iti  the  Declaration  of 
Rights,  "  which  ought  to  belong  to  them  and  their 
pol>erity,  and  ought  to  be  regarded  as  the  founda- 
tion and  I>ajis  of  their  government;'*  (Rights  which 
*fte  citizens  of  the  feveral  ftates,  though  ignonuniouHy  . 
called  and  treated  -Ai  foreigners ^  are  entliled  to  by  the 
articles  oi  confederation)  that  **  in  controverfn  rcfpe^' 
ing  property^  and  in  fuits  between  man  avA  man,— 
the  antient  trial  by  jury  is  preferable  to   any  other, 

AND  OUGHT  TO    liE  HELD  SACRED  i-'-~and  inthp,. 

c^onfiitution,  or  form  of  government  of  Virginiay  made  "''■ 


4i 


.IS, 


.i      ^ 


f~ 


the 


^'■:-^'*^ 


>:::.\ 


[ 


1  10 


J 


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I 

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t 

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i 

1^- 


the  6th   of  May,    1776,   it    is   dccUrcd,   as  one  of  the 
reafons,   wAidx  induced  the  people  ofth.it  ftjtc  to  fc- 
pciMte  from  Gr/'at  Britain,  bccaufc,  they  -.verc  deprived 
*'   of  the  benefit  of  proceeding  by  jury."— And  Mr» 
Hume  furt  her  remarks, ---  among  all  civilized  nations ^ 
it    has  been  the  conjLint    endeavour    to    remove  every 
\\\\v\f^arbitrAry  and  l-uriial^  from  the  dfci/ion  of  property. 
and  the  celebrated  Mr.  Locke  fays,  that  it  is  a  mijiake  to 
thir!:,  the  fupreme  or  lc}»iHative    power  of  any   com- 
monwealth CiJn  do  11  hat  it  ivill,   and  di/po/e  of  the  fuhjefls 
property  arhtrarily,   or  take  away  part  cf  thrni  at  piea-% 
fure.      The  Icgijlativc  pouter ^   he  fays,   ;/  to  govern  by 
promulgated,   ejlahhibed  laivSy   NOi    to  bl  vaRiiid  in 
particular  cafes ^   but  to  have  one  rule  for  rich  and  poor,, 
for  the  favorite  at  court t   and  the  ^ouniryman  at  plough. 
The  rcafon,   he  fubjoins,    why  men  enter  into  foci- 
cty,   is  the  pre fervation  of  their  property ;    and  the  end, 
why  rhey  choofe  and  authorize  a  Icgiflative,  is  that  there 
may  be   laws   made,   and   ruks    fet,   as   guards    and 
fences  to  the  properties  of  the  members  of  the  focicty; 
;ind  it  is  alfo  very  aptly  obferved  by  a  learned  author,' 
that  the  mofl  cautious  man  in  the  world  cannot,  with 
all  his  circuml'pei^ion,  provide  againft  a  law,  that  may 
he  made  afterwards.     If  it  be  once  drawn  into  pra^ice, 
to   deprive  men    of  their  properties  hy  latuSy  ex  p((ft 
facioy  there  is  an  end  ofjuftice.     When  Magna  Chart  a 
fays,  Nemo  amittat  feudum  fuum,   nifi  par  judicram 
parium,   aut  leges  tcrrae; — Let  no  nun  lofe  his  freehold, 
hut  hy  the  Judgment  of  his  peers,  or  the  laws  of  the  landi 
it  means  the  fettled  common  la-w  of  England%  not  fta- 
tutes  rr.ade,  to  take  away  private  property,  or  to  punifh 
after  crimes^     Thefc  arc  the  laws,    our  author  aflerts, 
that  we  arc  to  have  a  regard  to,  and  no  one  need,  in  a 
well  ordered  government  (and  indeed  cannot)  extend 

#  his 

•  Vindication  of  the  fahjv^^s  right.     Io«<{(?n  printed  in  1  )o6. 


■'■     UiS^ 


\h 


^f.  - 


[ 


1 1 1 


his  caution  beyond  them.  The  law,  fays  my  Lotd 
Cckff   is  the  furcft  r;in(!liiary  that   a  man  can  take,   and 

tl»c  ftrongcil  fortrcfs  to  proi(x't  ihc  wt.ikcft  of  all. 

Lex  cji  tutilJi.Ad  QiiJfiSy  ct  fub  cly^t\>  let^is  nemo  dcLipitur.* 
In  the  l.iNVb  abroad^*  it  is  a  Ictilcd  maxim,  tliat  wc  \\{c 
no  caution,  but  what  the  promtilgatcd  laws  picfcribc. — 
In  Ihori,  adds  our  author,  he  is  n  wife  and  cautious 
man,  wlio  is  as  wife  and  cautious  as  the  law  rciiuires 
him  to  be  i  for  he  that  is  not  fine  of  the  inheritance^ 
which  he  has  in  the  law,  ecinnot  be  /aid  to  live  in  a  fet- 
tled ond  ft  ec  pair  y   or  under    the    I'.overnment  of  law, 

I'xijiing    at    the  time  he  acquired  hii    right And  it 

WMS  declared  unanimouily  by  the  Congrefi  of  the  united 
colonics  oi  North  America^    in   17/.),    that  the  inhabi- 
tants ol  them  avL  entitled  to  Hjcy   iibcrty  ami  pro/^erty^ 
and  that  the  relpct^ive  eoU)nies  arc  alio  entitled  to  the   1 
common  law   ot    Euglandy   and    more  efpcciallv   to   the 
great  and  ineftimable  privilege  of  being  tried  by  their 
peers  of  the  vicinage,   according  to  the  courfc  of  that 
lawj — -and  in  the  addrels  oiCongrefs  to  the  inhabitants 
of  the  province  of  i£//i'^rr,   it  is  obfervcd,   that  the  next 
great  right  is  that  of  trial  by  jury.      This  provides,  that 
neither  /{/V,  liberty y  nor  property  can  be  taken  from  the 
pojfejfory   until  twelve  of  his  unexceptionable  countr}'- 
mcn,   and  peers  of  his  vicinage,   upon  a  full  trial  had, 
fliall  give  in  their  verdift.-— Was  the  happy  revolution 
m^dc  to  diminifh   **   this  great  and  ineftimable  privi- 
legeF^-    God  forbid. — It  was  made,  among  other  things , 
to    give    the    greaicft    fecurity    to    ilie    people,   in  the 
enjoyment  of  it.      Learned  and  upright  judges,  with 
a   JU17    of  twelve   men,   are  the    fureft   defeace,   and 
protedlion,    againfb  all   encroachment   upon,   and   hi- 
vaiion    of  private   proixrty.--— — The   excellency   of 
.-,•%■    •  .  .^-, -. .    K ■        .J-  is  ;  |his 

•  Coke,  id  rart,  fuHo  $6.  f  Majctui  ie  4vec>7tia. 


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this  part  of  the  conQitution  Hiincs  wiih  the  brightcft 
lulhe,  vhcn  it  is  coniulcicJ,  that  the  people  are 
thereby  delivered  froinil\e  niifcrable  fituation  of  ihofe, 
whofc  rii)ht  has  been  fcar.daloufly  invadeil  and  adjudg- 
ed hymen,  acting  i\om  Jltitfuatitni  and  local  politukst 
difcrttiont  or  ixpidinny.  My  Lord  Coke  pathetically 
**    ADMONISHED    Parliament s^    that    inlUad    of   this 

OHDlNA'^Y     and      PRECIOUS      TrUll^       PAR     LEG!   M 

TERRyF,  .hey  briny  not  in  abj'olutc  and  partial 
*'   Trials^    nv  niscui.  rioN." 

But  we  forbear  to  cite  further  authorities, .--enough 
have  been  produced  to  Ihcw  th'  total  iniccurity  to  all 
property^  whertver  the  pernicious  and  ruinous  do^Ttrinc 

of  expediency^     and    ex  pcjl  fa3o   taivs   prevail. 

And  we  tr\ift  our  inVpariial  readers  will  agree 
with  us  in  faying,  that  the  validity  of  the  title  of  the 
proprietors  of  Indiana^  ought  not  to  have  been  de- 
ciilcd  by  modern  ideas,  but  luch  as  prevailed  at  the 
rime  of  its  creation;  and  as  it  was  good  under  the 
crown  of  England^  it  ought  certainly  to  have  had  the 
fame  efFe<Sl  under  the  republic  oi  ^'irginia.  A  contra^ 
made  in  Chinas  or  any  other  foreign  country,  would 
be  determined  in  a  court  of  juflice,  by  the  laws  of  the 
country,  where  the  contratft  took  its  rife.  In  like 
manner,  the  grant  in  queflion  ought  to  have  been 
fettled  by  the  laws  in  being  at  the  time  of  its  being 
made,  and  not  by  an  ex  pojl  fa^o  law. 

Colonel  Mafon  alfo  infifled,  that  the  commonweMth 
oiVirginia  had  the  right  of  pre-emption  of  all  lands  within 
its  chartered  boundaries. -""We  anfwer,  there  is  no  aft 
of  the  legiflature,  that  gives  that  (late  ftich  a  right.— 
There  is  indeed  a  law,  that  fays,  purchafes  (hall  not  be 
made  of  tributary  India*Ut  but  the  Six  United  Nations 
having  never  been  tributary  either  to  the  colony,  or 
Jlate  of  Vyrginio    this  aft  of  courfe  cannot  dcftroy 


\c  brighicft 
people  are 
>n  of  ihofc, 
ind  adjudg- 
al  politicks ^ 
pathetically 
ad    ot    this 

^R     LEGIM 
and  partial 

s,. --enough 
curiiy  to  all 
JUS  do«^iinc 

iicvail. - 

will      agree 
;  title  of  the 
ive  been  dc- 
ilcd   at   the 
under  the 
lavc  had  the 
A  contrail 
try,  would 
laws  of  the 
e.     In  like 
have  been 
its  being 

lonwetlth 

»«ii  within 

:e  is  no  a£l 

a  right.— 

kail  not  be 

fd  Nations 

\cohnyf  or 

»c  dcftroy 

any 


any  ccffious  made  by  ihcm.      On  the  contrary,   a  moft 
ih'ongly  operates  to  the  acknowledgment  of  the  validity 
uf  their  grunts;   and  as  to  boundaries   derived  from  a 
charter    made  one  hundred  and  fixty-nine  years  ago  to 
the  London    Company,    **   to  the   dijfolution    of   which, 
"  they  filcnily  acqute/ctd  A.ut\fubmittedy^*  it  is  too  ridi- 
culous to  dcfcrvc  itrious  notice.      Where,  however,  is 
the  original  .  barter  ?   Can  Virginia  produce  it  to  found 
her  claim  upon  ? — No.      It  remained  in  Englandy  and 
was,   with    the  original  court  books,   taken    frrm  the 
"  company  by  the  King  and  Privy  Council  of  that  king- 
dom, aud  never  again  returned  to  them."f 
Mr.  Stith,   a  n.itiNe  oi  Virginia,  aUb  fayj.  in  his  hif-  ^ 
tory  of  that  colony,   printed  'ji\*WilUamJhurgh,  in  1737, 
that  of  the  two  firft  of  the  iFollowing  charters,   {\\z. 
the  charter  of  1606  and  the  one  of  1609)   1  have 
fccn   I-  o  u  R  copies ,-   one  among  the  oldeft  records  in 
"  the  Secretary's  office,  tnu$%- mangled  and  defaced, 
another    in   the    council  jQjKce,   tolerably  legible;   a 
third  in  a.  very  fair  book  orrecords,  which  belongs, 
as  I   take  it,  to  the  houfe  of  burgefTes)  and   the 
fourth,  moji  correSi^  I  found  among  Sir  John  Ran- 
dolpi^s  papers,  tranfcribed  b/  his  clerk,  and  collated^ 
asl/uppofe,  irom  different  copies.     Howeven  lean 
yenture  to  aflVre  the  reader,  that  the  edition,  which 
I  have  giveti  by  the  help  of  the  two  laft  mentioned 
copies,  is  ftill  fuller  and  more  corre^,    than  any  tf 
ihitft'     Of  the  third  charter,  I  have  never  diet  with 
but  one  copy,  likewife  In  Sir  John  Randoiph^s  ^ol-  . 
**  k£tion  of  ftate  papers.     It  is  pretty  corrtply  tran- 
fcribed, and  I  hope  it  will  be  found,  with  th^ 
NECESSARY  ^WB-HH  hriQ^^i  I  have  ntadt  in  it^vtrf 
cnmpleat  and  exaA.     Thefe  are  all  the  Kim^s'tkar'* 
tits  to  theCoiivAsT,  that  1  hkve  been tdlc to Undf 
*  P     ;^  **  aAk^A 

•  bM»  Uiftorf  of  Virpnis.  t  i^m. 


a 


<f 


(I 

CI 

II 


II 

ft 

<{ 

<i 

ci 

ic 

(( 

(( 

k< 

<i 

<i 


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« 
■( 


V*  j)    fit.- 


I 


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[     'H    j 


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•1     'lit 


'i^  I'ii  :i 


r 


•H'.J 


V.-.    ',. 


**  nlthoup^h  thfy  are  certainly  not  all  he  granted ;  foi 
**  many  things  arc  mentioned  in  /*«•  rompany^s  rfconls^ 
**  as  drawn/rcm  (heir  charters^  which  arc  ncverthclcfs 
•*  not  to  be  found  in  /A<fm."— -Which  of  thefc  r-J/zV/  0/ 
charters  does  yir^inia  rely  upon  ?  Is  it  the  one  dcfcrib- 
cd  by  our  author,  as  much  mangled  and  dt faced}  or 
on  the  one  tolerably  legible  ?  or  the  one  faid  to  be  found 
in  a  fair  copy  of  records  ^  or  the  one  tranfcribcd  and 
colhitcd  by  Sir  John  Randol/h's  ilerky  (as  Mr.  Stith 
fuppofed)  irom  different  copies y  and  which  he  affirms 
^vas  rnojl  ccrre^^  or  the  one,  that  this  gcntknian  w- 
marks,  with  the  nci  effary  ev:endations  he  has  made,  very 
compleat  and exafl.— Here  then  is  a  choice  of  dilliculticsl 
Wc  fubmit  the  dccifion  of  that  choice  to  thofc  whom  it 
may  concern  y  it  being  of  little  importance  to  the  candid, 
honeil  or  judicious  citizens  of  Virginiay  or  of  any  of  ih( 

other  dates  in  union, for  **  either  ri/^j/a'a  Aands  in 

**  fucceflion  to  the  London  company,  to  whom  the 
charter  was  granted,*  or  to  the  crown  of  England. 
If  to  the  London  company,  then  it  becomes  her,  as 
an  outlet  in  the  matter,  to  fliew  who  they  lucre^  and 
**  likewife,  that  they  ivere  in  pojftjfion  at  the  com- 
**  mencement  of  the  revolution.  If  to  the  crown, 
then  the  charter  is  of  confcqucncc  fuperceded;  be- 
caufe  the  crown  did  not  poflefs  territories  by  char- 
ter, but  by  prerogative  without  charter.  The  no- 
tion of  the  crown  charteripg  to  itfelf,  is  a  nullity; 
*^  aod  in  this  cafe,  the  unpofleiTed  lands,  be  they  little 
*'  or  much,  arc  in  the  fame  condition  as  if  they  never < 
'*  lAd  been  chartered  at  all ;  and  the  fovereignty  of 
•'them  devolves  to  the  fovereignty  of  the  United 
«*  States."j  Colonel 

•  Mr,   StUh  obftrrei,  that  the  ^^lut'iM  tf  the  company  **  was  in  event 
'Certainly  of  hftufit  and  nuvantatt  to  the  country,  (Vngma)  as  wc,  in  A- 
fHtric*,  6nd  by  experience,  that  it  i»- better  to  be  under  a  royal  gofcrn- 
ipcnt,  than  i»tbe  ban^i  of  froprutan  in  wbatfitaft  or  mtmterjotvtr." 
t  PtASt  Gtodt  prmt  ii  1 781 . 


(c 


« 
« 


■\ 


granted ;  f'ii 
iny*s  rfi'onhy 
;  ncvcrthclds 
hefc  o/'ifs  of 

•  one  dcfcril)- 
ihf.utdi   or 

J  to  be  fouiul 
infcribeJ  and 
(as  Mr.  Stith 
h  he  affirms 
icniUnun  n- 
\s  made,  vfry 
of  diilicultics! 
hofc  whom  it 
to  the  candid, 

•  of  any  of  iht 
<inia  Aands  in 
to   wliom  the 

of  Enrlatid. 
[omcs  her,   as 
\cy  wcrff  and 
at  the  com- 
thc    crovjtif 
crci'dedi  be- 
rics  by  char- 
ir.     The  no- 
is  a  nullity; 
|be  they  little 
they  never 
I'creignty  of 
Ithc  United 
Colonel 


r*  WM  an  tvtnt 
Si  wc,  in  A' 
royal  gotern- 
rjotvtr." 


[     "5     J 

Colonel  Mil/on  next  infiilid,  thiit  the  King  had  a. 
right  ottly  /'>  punh^ife  as  a  trujlcc  for  the  ufe  of  the  flute 
cf  i'irginia,  and  the  faie  to  the  proprietors  of  Indiana 
was  hadt  as  it  was  made  to  Foreic.nkhs.  Our  in- 
dignation iii  provoked  at  fuch  an  invidious  cxprcflion. 
It  was  very  early  indeed  in  the  rtvolution^  totind  fuch 
injurious  dillinctions  made  between  the  citizens  of  yif' 

^inui  and  thole  of  the  otiur  Qattsj and  efpetially  in 

a<rial  of  landeil  property,   in  which  freemen  of  the  fe- 
vcral  governments  of  A7;6i/«'  Ijliind^  New  Yorkf  PenifyU 
vaniii  and  Marylandt   were  concerned.      Did  not   the 
gentleman  know,   thai  by  the  articles  of  the  ioiijcdcr- 
ation    and    perpetual  union,   it    is  exprefsly  provided, 
"  That    the   better  to   fecurc  and  perpetuate    mutual 
"  fricndlhip  and  iniercourfe  among  the  people  of  the 
*'   ditVercnt  Hates  in  this  union,   the  frer  inhabitants  of 
"   all  the  (tates  iLall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges  and  im- 
**  munities  of  free  citizens  i/i  the  feveralfiates  .'"  AVill 
he  venture  to  fay,   that  at  that  time  thefe  articles  were 
not  compleated,   on  account  oi  Maryland  \t{\(i\n^  the   ' 
unwarrantable  claim  of  rirginia  to  all  the  back  lands?   ' 
Had  not    the  latter  ftate  then  figned  the  articles,  and  •  • 
did  ir  not  afTent,  by  it*s  delegates  in  Congrcfs,  to  a  vaft  <; 
variety  of  acts  done  by  that  honorable  body,   in  pur- 
fuancc  of  them.  * 

The  following  fadts  \rill,  however,  ftiew  the  appella- 
tion o(  foreigners  was  not  a  cafual  axpreflion,  but  that 
the  ftate  of  Virginia  confidered  the  citizens  of  the  other 
ftates  in  confederation,  as  much  foreigners  as  the  fub- 
jefts  of    Great  Britain,  or  thofc  of  the  Great  Mogul 

are On  the  i6th    of  0<^ober,    1779,  Lieutenant 

Colonel  Charles  Sinims,  a  Virginian,  prefcntcd  a  peti- 
tion to  the  houfe  of  delegates  oi  rirginia,  fetting  forth, 
That  he  had  a  claim  for  2961  acres  of  land,  on  the 
^  river  Ohio  and  Raccoon  creek,  yrhich  proceeded  horn  a 

-  '         purcha& 


J- ' 


• 

1 

►' 

) 

1' 

»* 

» t 

^ 

••r* 


'i; ' . 


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■i^  t. 


.          , 

^ 

,j 

'■'■'    '( 

^  • 

••  1  ' 

}■■ 

,.  i  ■'■ 

■1        )              '. 

1 

1 

■■iV( 

fl 
1' 

1 

1 

1  I 

i 


[      "6     1 

ftirrhifc  from  Cforr^f  Crtirluin  ;  and  his  (tl»c  l.ittcr's) 
iillt:  \v;\s  foundt'il  \\ynt\  a  j',iaru  from  the  5i.r  Mat  ten  i 
of  It}  U,in\.  (It  is  cx.u^lly  fiinilar  to  that  of  the  pro 
prlftors  of  Induindt  and  ftriurd  hy  the  treaty  ot  Fort 
Stiinwix.J  Mr.  t.r^t^hitn  ronvoyid  thcfc  lands  to  ,/- 
hxtjtuiii  R^fs  and  H'lltitm  Dunhtir,  and  thcjr^  folil  thcn» 
to  Colonel  Sinims. 

On  the   19th  of  Oc>obrr,   thr  Conn-nittcc  of  Prcpo- 
fitions   an<l   Grievanrrs   of  yirt^iniat   Rfsolvi[>,    and 
♦he  Houfc  of  1")*.  1 00. He --I  of  tliat  (late  agreed  to  the  fame, 
**  That  it  is  the  opinion   of  this  Conunittce,    that   the 
**   nu'inorial  of   Lieutenant    CoUmk  I    Simms^   praying, 
**   that  hit  title  to  20^1   acres  of  laml,    lying    on  the 
**   Ohio  rivir,    (which  he  piirchafed  of  .ilexander  Rofs 
•*   and  inifiam  DunhAr )   may  be  cofi/irmdif  having  been 
"   prevented  from  improving  the  faid  lands,  as  by  law 
•'   is  required,   by  being   in  the   continental  army  ever 
•*  finee    the    year    I77(»i    aiid    that    he  might    obtain 
•    ♦*  grants  for   the  faid  lands,    upon   paying    the  ufual 
"   compofition    money,   under   the  former  government, 
"  ♦*   is  rea/onable"*— And  accordingly,  an  A£i  of  aflem- 
bly  paflcd  under  the    title  of  an  **   j4n   for  granting 
-»•'  warrants    to  Charles  Simms,   Gentleman,   to  furvey 
■ -vV  ^/"^    "'**  tirtain  /rtw^x."t— Here  wc  fee,  that  Colonel  JimmjV 
^  ^>  * '  purchafc  of  2961     acres  of  land,   derived  from   Mr. 
.   k*^  Croghiin's  title  from  the  Six  Natiohst  was  conHmied  to 
him  i— and  encouraged  from  hence  to  believe,  that  the 
fame  juAice  would  be  rendered  to  others,  holding  un- 
der the  fame  right,  Mcflrs.  Bernard  Cratz^  Jofeph  Si- 
mons, Edmund  Mi ine   \i\d  Michael  Cratz^  citizens  of 
'  the  Aate  of  Pennfyhania,  on  the  loth  of  November, 
'779>  presented  a  memorial  to  the  houfe  of  delegates 
qf  Virginia,  fetting  forth,  that  "  they  have  claims  in 
f*  certain  unappropriated  back  lands,  by  pufchalc  from 

"  Cforgi 

f  Jp^rnall  (if  t)U  Hmifc  of  Pclc|atC«  of  ytrgm^l       f  li^ 


>.. 


's." 


:t- 


1 


*• 


..V'i> 


I     "7     J 


l.ntcr's) 
Ail  f  ions 
the  pro 
r  ot  Fort 
Is  to  .f- 
jlil  thcin 

f  Prcpo- 
L-p,    :\nil 
he  fiitnc, 
that  the 
praying, 
on  the 
]der  Kofi 
'ing  been 
IS  by  law 
rmy  ever 
it    ubiaio 
he  ufual 
rnment, 
f  aflcm- 
granting 
furvey 
Simms*s 
m  Mr. 
irmed  to 
that  the 
Sng  un- 
'fpk  5i- 
zens  of 
ember, 
legates 
ims  in 
from 
iorgi 


<4 


•*  Cf'irt'f  CrcghiVU  whole  pm\h.irc    is    foumleJ    in    :i 

•*   pui'ihafc  from  the  Chiefs  of   the  Six  Xuti'snit   anil 

*'    piMyngi   that  tlic    (aid  claims  may  be  conlirmctl."* 

On  the  25th  of  N(jvcn\ber,  it  was  1  cptvi'dhy  the  houfc 

oi"  delegate;,    '*    thai  the    mrtnori.ii  o(    Hirnard  (Iratz^ 

**   ill  behalf  of  himt'clf  ami  others,  be  REjrcir.  i>,    for 

**   that,    if  they  have  any  tci^ai  or  cpiitablf  cl.iim  to  the 

*'   iiimls  conveyed  hy  (leori^c  Cr^jghan^  Juch  claim  Jhould 

**   he  inve/iiqatedf  and  determined  in  a  ccurt  of  iaw  or 

*•   fquity.''i'- 

The  houfc  of  delegates  Jir/i  form  a  bill,  and  that  is 
enacted  into  a  law,  (Appendix,  No.  2)  declaring,-— 
V  That  all  falcs  and  deeds,  which  haviv  di-:en,  er 
'*  /hall  he  made  by  any  Indian  or  Indian Sy  or  by  any 
•*  Indiiin  national'  nations  oi  Indians^  for  lands  within 
**  the  faid  limits,  (to  wit^  of  the  chartered  territory) 
to  or  for  the  feparatc  life  of  any  perfon  or  perfons 
whatfoever,  Jhall  /»<•,  and  the  fame  arc  hereby  declared 

"    utterly  v'dd and cf  no  effci}.^'* And  then  the  houfc 

of  delegates  rcfAve^  that  Mr.  CratZy  &c.  (hould  have 
rhcir  claim  invcftigated  and  determined  in  a  court  of 

law  or  equity. What  a  mockery  of  jullice  was  this? 

What  a  Ihamcful  diQin^ion  was  here  made  between 
Mr.  iS/mm J,  a  Virginian f  and  Mr.  (hatZy  a  Pennfylvu- 
nian}  and  both  holding  under  prccifely  the  fame  right, 
deduced  from  Mr.  Croghan.      Why  hud  Mr.  Simms  a 

special  aft  ^)aircd  in  his  favor? and  why  wjis  Mr. 

Gratz  referred  to  the  ordinary  courts  ? Bccaufe  you 

perfeftly  knew,  Gentlemen,  the  mouths  of  the  judges 
of  the  courts  of  law  of  equity  were  clo/ed  by  your  ever 
memorable  <?jc /o^ /<i^!j  Any,  of  June,  17^9.  (Ap- 
pendix, No.  2.)  It  was  cruel,  Sirs,  thus  tofport  with 
fgreigners  i-^—yoM  ought,  at  Icift  for  your  own  fakes, 
to  have  prpfcrve^  a  little  more  ofteni^ble  Ihewof  mode- 

,  ratroQ 

^.jQ«rn4fa!QftlicliM<««ffD9lefatctolVSrtiau.       f  lOeas, 


> 


M 


■! 


rr- 

! 

i  , 


m 


1': 


'.«' 


p.: 

r  i   • 


J  ■ 


f,' 


■1: 


fc 


hi 


1 


1 


t     "S     ] 

r.U'.on  nnd  cqr.ity,   than  you   Jirpcnrcil   to  Mr.  Craiz^ 

u|ion  this  occufion: But  i*.  fccms  it  was  /^clitiral  ju/- 

tii\-  to  protci}  the  title  of  Cv>I«>ncl  S'mw.'y  aw^  pclitica! 
t x^rJiL'ncy  io  rejdl  \\\c  'ncniori.U  ot  Mr.  ^/ij/z,  and 
ictcrhim  to  a  :ourt^  \vhicli  you  h.iil  prcvioujly  Ji/ptali' 

JicJivinw  doing  him  juftice.  * 

\Vc  proceed  farther  to  exaniine  the  pofition,  thai 
ihc  J^ing  had  a  right  only  to  pvri  />.;/'«•,  as  a  trujicc  for 
the  life  of  ihe  ftate  of  VirpiKxa.  In  what  record,  or 
law  '^ook  did  Colonel  Mar.n  find  that  the  A'/^r  was 
thus  limited  ?  It  is  not  to  be  found  in  any  of  ilie  .  /..t- 
icrSy   fo  much  depended  upon,   \\\^  it  ii  certain,   that 

^  the  colony  of  Virg'xn'iA  never  prcfumed  to  hold  th.it  lan- 
guage,   or  fet  up  thiji   extravagant   pict.  nlionj liut 

patiently  fubmitted  t(i  every  diflribution  of  I;  uls,  the 
Kings  or  Queens  of  ^w^Aj;?*/ thought  proper  to  make. 
And   private    fubje^fls    of  J'trglhiiJy   frequently     pplied 

immcdi.itcly  io  the  crown   foi  grants  of  land; And 

the  legillaturc,  and  people  c  '  that  colony,  always  o- 
beyed  royal  proclamations  and  inftruflions,  as  we  have 
abundantly  fliewn  and  ftiallflicr  in  the  preceding  and  fol- 
lowing pages,  particularly  rcfpc^ling  the  acquiring  and 
feating  lands,  and  the  payuicnt  of  quit  rents  for  them, 
to  the  crown  of  England.  Were  not  Maryland^  part 
of  Pcnnfylvanidf  and  lord  Fairfaxes  grant  of  the  nor- 
thern neck  taken  out  of  the  allcdged,  chartered  boun- 
daries oi  I'irginiay  and  were  not  lord  Ihiltimorc;  and 
lord  Culpepper  (whofc  daughter  married  Thomas  lord 
Fairfax)  at  the  time  of  their  obtaining  their  rcfpe£tive 
grants,  as  much  Foreigners.^,  as  the  proprietors  of  /n- 
diann  are?  Did  not  the  Ohio  company  in  the  year  i  748, 
after  the  Lancnjier  and  Logg^s  Town  treaties  were  had, 
.     .  *  .  •  prcfiffnt 


I- 


*  •'  The  national yWf«  are  no  more  than  the  mouth  that  pronounces 
"  the  words  of /i^e/iiu';  mere  paffive  heingi,  tMcapabie  9S taoilemting  either 
»'  its  force  or  rifor."     Montelquieu,  vol.  I.  i 


'.  CrntZf 
tical  jiif- 
pcliticiil 
1/2,  and 
dij'juali'' 

on,  thai 
ujicc  for 
cord,  or 
'ir,g  was 
ihc  .7\;r- 
tin,  thar 
that  Ian- 

; But 

uls,   the 

to  make. 

V'     pjiliid 

--—And 

Llway?  o- 

we  have 

and  fol- 

ing  and 

3r  them, 

df  part 

the  nor- 

d  boun- 

rc ;    and 

nas  lord 

fpe£tivt 

S  of  III' 

1748, 
re  had, 
prefiffnt 


s 


[     "9     ] 

prcfcnt  a  petition  to  King  (ieorgc  the  Second,  in  thcle 
words — '*  John  Hanbury  o(  L'yuJon,  in  behalf  of  him- 
fclf  and  Thcmtu  Lccy  H\\;  a  member  of  his  Majefty's 
council,  and  one  n(  {Ucjuili^t's  of  the  fuprcmc  court  of 
judicauirc  of  his  IM.iicrty's  colony  o(  l^'irginiuy  Thomas 
NelpVy  Va\\\  of  his  ^^aje^y's  council  oi  Tirginia,  Co- 
lonel C'rr/Jcp^  (JoliMitl  H'llHam  Thornton ,  IVilliam  Nini- 
moy  Daniel  CniJ'.p  Jr,hn  Curiijliy  Laivrencc  IVaJhing' 
t:ny  j'iugiiJliKC  ll'aJhingtGny  Gtcrge  Fiiirfax,  Jaccb 
(•'ifrSy  j\t:th.i':it'/  Chapman  and  James  H'ccdrocpy  Efijrs. 
all  of  your  Majclly's  colony  of  I'irginiuy  and  others, 
thiir  allbtiatcs,  for  Jettlmg  the  countries  on  the  Ghio^ 
and  extending  the  BrltiJb    trade  beyond   the  mauntainSy 

ON   TIIF.  WES  rr  RN  CONFINES  OF  Vl  R  G  I  N  1 A  .'*'— And 

in  confequtnct  of  this  petition,  did  they  not  obtain  a 
royal  inlUuclion  direifled  to  the  governor  of  rirginia, 
for  granting  thea\  five  hi'.ndrcd  thoufand  acres  of  land? 
Did  not  a  committee  of  that  company  io  the  year  1761 
by  petition,  renew  their  application  to  the  King  for  a 
grant  of  tlie  faid  lands, --and  if  it  {hould  be  alkcd,  who 
figned  this  petition.  We  anfwer,  the  fame  Colcntl 
Ceorgc  Mafuiy  who  was  appointed  to  manage  the  in- 
tcrefts  of  the  Commonwealth  oiVirginia^  and  who  faid, 
the  King  had  a  right  onl^  to  purchafe,   as  a  trujite  for 

the 

*  }If  rf  V  c  fee,  that  one  of  ihc  jud^n  of  the  i-premt  court  of  judicature, 
&c.  and  anothc  mcmlier  of  l\\t  council,  with  a  numhcr  of  confidertblc 
pcr,')ns  in  the  rohmy  if  Vugmia,  concurred  in  acknowledging, — that  the 
Allegany  Mountains  u^tri  the  -wtftim  confines  cfVirrinis,  and  in  conformity 
to  this  idea,  the  preamble  of  the  above  petition  to  King  Geor»t  th«  Cccund, 
was  in  thefc  words  :  "  That  by  the  treaty  oi  Laniafter,  and  aUb  by  deed 
"  bearing  dntf  Xhe  idof  j\ily,  1744,  the  torthern  Indianj,  by  the  name 
"  of  the  ciix  Nations,  (who  claimed  ail  the  landJ-wtJT  ©r  Viroinia, 
and  alio  to  and  on  the  waters  of  the  MiMpfi  and  the  Lakes,  by  right 
of  cofiqueft  from  feTcral  nations  of  Induns,  who  formerly  inhabHwd 
that  country,  "id  have  been  extirpated  by  the  SixNation^  dW  yield 
>ip  and  make  over,  and  for  ever  quit  claim  to  yoar  Majefty  and  your 
Aicceflors,  a^i.  thi  said  tANDi  wist  or  Vif ginia,  with  ail  their 
right  thereto,  a$  far  as  your  Maj^fty  ytoaW  at  any  time  thereafter  h^leaf- 
^  et/ 10  BXTCNO  THE  tAiD  COLON T." — ^ plain  proof  tlut  Joige  LtttuA 
nis  aflbciates  were  of  opinion,  tnat  the  AUtiaa)  Mcuntsini  were  the  vr/f* 
'<*  httndariti  of  Vitginui. 


.1 


I' I 


I  .n 


'ill  •  •'>iii 


m  ..■'?? 


li^i 


I: 


Ml 


w  ■ 


II 


It,..'. '■  '' 


III 


iH 


.  i  .  ■,  ^ 


■  J ', 


■^   .J. 


//;.'    ?//>   ft/*   /Af     //,;/<•  cf  Viiriiuiu    and    /'/'//,    Z,ut/.    Lee, 
Jayncs  SinU^    /.    M.  / .  <  r  w/<./  Ihomas  Ludl.    Lre  of  the 

famf  n.iti  i .iiul  <liil    nut   .iilo  Colonel    J/<7/^n,    lub- 

f*.ril>c  a  letter,   iiiitu  iht    yil»  of  iScpicmbci   l~^I,    aJ- 


<lr. 


tU 


to    govci  iioi     IJunu-iiliUt'    111 


.A// 


Lend. 


ru    toi    (I 


purpoft   of   ,''ttrJ\i/tr^  LviJi  upon  the  6A/5,    trtim    thff 
King  of  En^'JajuP. Let  the  following  fa»!;t  iLtiJ^. 


ni 


'AS   wc  m.iy  ex  peel  .1   peace    next  winter,    and  l.a 


no  doubt    H'.rth   Jnuru>2    will    bi     in  iirnl  to  ihi 


Bntijb 


iiovtrninent,  and  Lint  rty  \iili re  (1 


n  rran 


f,'J 


to  his  Mnjvjiy^s  fuhjctfs  IN    rm  si    coi  onh  s,   to  fcttl: 

on  tkc  L:>;..^   ■  1:  ,''•'  C//;.c; We,   the  committee  of  ihc 

Ohio  coipp.my,  ;'  ink  it  a  propel-  time,  as  foon  as  pe.uc 
is  conchidi'i!,    /-  ipfhfr  a  grant  of  the  hands  intended 
us,   b>    his  Mni!  fiv's   imtiuJtions  to  Sir  H'iliiam  Cocch^ 
and  have  for   that  purpi)l"e  fcnt  over  a  petition  10  Im 
Miijefl:)-,    and  .»  lirge  and  full  Ihitc   of   our   calc  ;   and 
have  employed    Mr.   Char/ton  i^ahner^   a  man,  we  are 
informed,   of    great    capacity    and  diligence,   10  folic  it 
our  caufc,   and  cndeav.ur  by  all  means  lo  GUT   us  a 
PATENT  IN  Enc;i  x.xD.      Hc  will  be  dlrctftcd  to  apply 
to  our  members  in  Lo/n/sw,   for  their  advice   and  afllft- 
ance;   and  as    no  pcrfon   knows  the  affair  better  than 
Mr.  Dunwiddiey  nor  can    it   be   imagined   any  of  the 
company  have  fuch   an  acquaintance   or  intercfl  with 
pcrfons  in  power;— let  us  beg  you  will  plcafc  to  exert 
yourfclf  in  getting  us  a  patent  by  natural  bounds,   on 
the  bcft  terms  pollible  ;— -for  raM^r //'^n  b*  remitted  10 
the  government    here,   luhc  fromJeaUu/y,  or  feme  other 
cau/fy  have  ever  endeavoured  to  difappoint  us  in  every 
defign  we  could  form  to  fettle  and  improve  the  lands  i—w  k 

WILL  AGREE  TO  ANY  REASONABLE  CONSIDERATION 
FOR    SUCH     A     DEED     FRO    .  £nGLAND.       fiut  if  thls 

caDnut  be   obtained,  that  the  inoi\  plain  and  pofitive* 

^in/iru^inili 


«i«- 


i^^j^^jifc^ 


mAJim 


.uJ.  l-tf, 
re  of  t^c 
C-n,  lub- 
•M,   .iJ- 

ron*    tht 
,  .  t 

nl  to  iIk 

,  to  fittU 
ICC  t)t  ihc 
J  as  pt\uc 
,  intended 
am  Coo: hi 
on  to  his 
pile ;  and 
u  wc  arc 


[ 


121 


1 


% 


injiruni'.ns  lo  the  Govtriior  oil'iryjni.i  he  procure  J  on 
fcrnisthc  molt  .iLl\.uuai>coiis  to  the  company. 
Wc.ircSji,   v<c.  iSignctl, 

James    Scott. 

7.    Mei\er. 

G.   JNIason. 

Ihomas    l.iuL    Let- 

Philip  Lit  J.  Lie. 
Here  wc  find  Colonil  JM.VjT.  and  l\is  afTvKiatcs  ex- 
{.-rt  fling  their  txpcdt.iiioii,  ''  tliat  lihertywill  be  granted 
^'  f:  his  M.ye/iy's  /ubjeRs  in  ijt.si-  colon  ifs,  to 
**  fettle  :k  the  LASDii  en  the  Ohio.''  Colonel  .V./^;/  did 
uot  then,  as  he  docs  now,  im:igii\c,  that  thcV  were  the 
cxi-huivc  property  of /'.vt;?;,'/.:,  or  tlwit  tlic  rltizcns  of 
that  liaic  were  cn/y  to  pollllsthcm.  The  foregoing 
letter  affords  tl\e  ftroni^ll  proof  to  the  contrary,  of 
the  latter  opinion  by  his,  and  hia  airociatcs  *'  endea- 
*'  vouring  by  a\\  rneans  to  get  a  patent  in  England r  — 
**  fcff  they  f.iid,  rather  than  be  remitted  to  the  govern- 
**  mcnt  here^  (Virginia)  .S:c.  ".if  \i'ill  agree  to  any  r^a* 
*'  /enable  confideraiion  for  fuch  a  deed  from  England'* 

If  the  King  liad  only  a  right  to  purchafe  lands,  as  a 
trujiec  foT  the  ufe  of  J'irginia,  as  is  pretci.  ed,— — why 
were  Colonel  Mafony  &c.  fo  folicitous  to  pay  their  mo- 
ney to  this  b^ing  for  his  patent? — and  why  did  he  and 
,his  afTotiates  admit  into  their  con)pany  iho{c  foreigners 
John  Hanbury  and  Samuel  Smith  of  Londortf  Arthur 
Dobbs,  Efqi  of  Ireland,  and  afterwards  of  T^orth  Ca- 
rolina, &c.  dncefaLs  were  "  bady"  which  were  made 
to  "  foreigners  J**  The  truth  is, — Colonel  Mafon  well 
knew,  that  the  Governor  and  Council  of  r/rjf»«m  could 
not  authorife  the  Secretary  to  pafs  warrants,  nor  could  the 
Governor  grant  patents  for  any  lands,  but  where  pre- 
vious liberty  had  been  generally  or  fpecially  given  by 
the  crown  for  that  purpolc;  otherwifc  ColoDcl  Mafmy 


I 


1    -"t    , 


K'  ■ 


'r 


1^ ' 


.M 


•ly  { 

■  'I  K    i, 


^■rU 


i     ■ 


h 


*(,( 


■1 


1  :  li  '';| 

Illi-i 


•     1 


fr 


[       122      ] 

fts  1  lawyer  of  eminence*,  would  not  have  cnJeavourc J 
to  puKhilc  h.ilt  .1  niillion  of  .icrcsot  land  for  hinifdf 
and  .illbciatcs,    tron\  the  h'ingj  or  dcilrc  tlicir  agent,  in 

failure  of  getting  a    patent  in  Hnt^LjtKf,- to  jmoi  \iic 

*'  //-(^  tucji  plain  tinJ pcjitivc  injlrurfions  to  the  Govft  nor 
**    o/   Virginia^    en    turns  the    mo//  .:Jvantagcoui  to  the 

**    compiiny.''^ If  the  King  was  onh,  js  a  trujtif  foi  the 

ufe  of  I'irgitiiay — why  apply  to  him  for  a  patent,  or  in 
failure  of  getinig  one, — to  pr(Kurc  injb uttions  to  his 
Covtrnor^.  Was  this  condu(5t  viccent  or  dutiful  to  the 
government  of  Virginia^  fuppofmg  it  lo  poirefs  ilic 
right,  of  enjoying'all  lands  purchafed  by  the  King  whol- 
ly for  i/j  «/<•?— But  Colonel  Majon  knew  the  fa^  was 
not  fo,  and  that  the  King  had  the  fole  power  of  gran- 
ting lands  as  well  in  rirginni,  as  luejiward  ofthe  Alle- 
gany Mountain,  (after  they  were  ceded  by  or  conquered 
from  the  natives )  cither  immediately  by  patents  figned 
by  his  proper  officers  in  the  kingdom  of  Englandt  or  by 
his  Governor  in  Virginiay  in  virtue  of  general  or  parti- 
cular orders  for  that  end  j and  let  the  forty-fifth  in- 

/IruSiion  to  the  Earl  of  Dunmoi  e^  the  lall  Britijb  Go- 
vernor of  that  colony,'  -exprefs,  whether  the  King  had 
a  right  only  to  punhafe  as  a  trujieg  for  the  ufe  of  Vir- 
ginia. "  And  when  yen  iliall  have  made  a  careful  and 
**  diligent  enquiry  to  find  out  the  prefent  pofleiTors  of 
**  lands  withii*  our  faid  province,  claimii^g  to  hold 
**  under  grants  derived  from  uj,  ot  our  predeceJforSf  in 
*'  cafe  any  of  the  faid  grants  fliall  appear  to  you  to 
**  have  been  obtained  frauduUntly,  and  that  the  quit- 
rents  and, other  conditions^  upon  :vhich  the  grant:> 
were  made,  have  not  been  paid  or  complied  wi%h ; 
or  in  cafe  any  perfon  fhall  have  taken  out  grants, 
and  not  fcated  or  cultivated  the  lands,  nor  paid  quit 
**  rents  for  the  fame,  agreeable  to  the  terms  of  their 
grants  i  in  fuch  cafesj  you  (hall  give  public  notice  to 

"  all 


«< 

(C 

« 


« 


.A- 


cnJcavouicd 
itl  for  hinirdf 
Inir  agent,  in 
—  -to  procure 

I  he  Coveinor 
t'\{^rous  to  the 
rujicc  fur  the 

patent,  or  in 
111  ions  to  his 
luiifiil  to  the 

0  poiFels  ilic 
c  King  whol- 

thc  fa(fl  was 
wcr  of  gran- 
i  oft  he  y^lU- 
)r  conquered 
atents  figned 
glandy  or  by 
:ral  or  parti- 
3rty-j[ifth  in- 
Britijb  Go- 
he  King  had 
:  ufe  of  F/r- 
i  careful  and 
pofleffbrs  of 
ing  to  hold 
edeceJforSf  in 
•  to  you  to 
lai  the  quit- 

1  the  grant:, 
iplicd  wi%h; 
i  out  grants, 
or  paid  quit  I 
'ms  of  their  |f 
lie  notice  to 

"ail 


^^'^-  «^  their  havin.  ^o^^;  '^'  "'^  ^^'''n'  'and.  by  v  ^ 
"  'he  naiurt,  and  circiJn.  '''"ftions  therein 

**    cnc  IviZ)^  of  Pi  '  ■ 

fiJcr  his  MaiefL  ^-  ••  )  that  thcv  d'^    ^    ^' 

ftat«?  ^f  ^^ajcfty,  ^j  ^„ ,  facy  did  not  con- 

/■  ■  ■  the 


f( 

it 
*( 
it 
«( 
<( 
<< 

n 
ti 

i( 
t( 

4( 
(( 

it 

€l 

if 


''-  <  M.  ^ ' 


■^T-  — 


ff^" 

1 

V; 

\       1 

. 

I*' 


*"'J  I' 


;K  ■^.  5 


f^ 


''!!i 


I     '^4    J 


thf  foinny,  a^  to  haw  ."i;-p!ic.l  tor  n.  f;r,int  of  tn'O  niil- 
lioiis  ,111(1  \\\<-  hunclrtd  thiiuriiii'  irrc"'  <>t    lin  !,    wij'iirx 
(  «s  CoUukI  M.ih'<  allirmcJ)  tlu*  .  I^u*i>,.l  l".,.-.ijrtfs  cf 
r/'rf7»///.;  .---In-liiks  di'.l  run  the  houfcotlniri^i-lli,  of"' Ii.it 
colony  in  till   vrii      I  701),    recoj^jiizc  tho     rij'Jit  oi' f he 
l.iia; .  IxMJplu   by  tlu  Kinj.' .It  Toi  t  A/.?'/  c/a,    to  1)1    in  ilu 
*-!■    •         ':"   J'l.yjjnii:     Did  they,    by  tlu*  iliL^htclt  intin\.i- 
^"  ■•        '^^V^j.V  *^»  that  his  M.ijc  i'ty  w.i'^  '^nl;  ns  ,7  tniji.i    For 
t  i      M     'M   t]ic'  ftati-  »•(  I'irr^iiiiti,    Skc.    t)n   the   roiitrarVi 
liia  t'liy  iiui  l«)ii(  it   trom  liitn  furf/wrtnilu/jniits,  *'  In 
i'lLir'Uiir    the     r:,hi:\'i    /'wJ^i/irs"    ami    lijuthnt, 
that  a  i!;!-cat  part  of  th;^t    valua'olc   conntrv  lyiui;  on 
the  ^A/c,    hclow  ihi. mouth    of    {\\c(>n:t  A ^ /;/'•./ -;<•,/, 
A?/. A'  cCilJto  his    Majr/ly    by  ihcNorthfin  h'.Juiu.t^ 
would  be    fcparatcd   and   divitlcd    from  the    liiitijo 
tcnirory,    on  the  upper  part  of  Ifo!/U-n*s  river,    th< 
(ht\it  Kcnh.iw.iy    anil  the  SA,/,    and  thai  thi,    It-tik- 
ments,    which  ihay  he  attcniprcd  in    tlulc   quartets, 
will,    in    all  probability,    be  utterly  deltroycd;    an.l 
tliat    great  extent  of  country,    from  the  moiuh   ot 
**    KenhiiWii    to    the  Cherckre    river,  &c.   /'o  vcr\  Litety 

**   ceded  to  his  Mnjefty^   would  be  abantloned,    8cc.'* 

If  the  houfe  of  burgclfes  of  F/r^w>na  had  conceived  the 
King  had  a  right  only  to  purchafc,  as  a  truftcCi  &c. 
why  did  they  give  themi'elvcs  the  trouble  of  mentioning 
thefe  loiles  and  inconveniences?— for  if  the  novel  doc- 
trine was  true,   as  is  now  fct  up, the  grant  made  at 

Fort  Stanwix  to  the  Xing,  as  foon  as  it  had  pajjedy 
from  the  Six  Nations i  —  vejied  \mmci\\^ic\y  in  the  legi- 
slature of  Virginia,  , •  * 

To  conclude  and  finally  to  difmifs  this  fubjcifl,— wc 
fhall  only  cite  the  declaration  of  Mr.  Preiident  Blair 
and  the  Council  of  that  colony  hi  October,  1770,  to 
the  Earl  of  Hili/borough,  fecretaiy  of  ftate  to  George 
|l^c  Third. — -"  We  do  not  prefurae  to  fay,  to  whom 

\  "  oiir 


«( 

4< 
4( 
<{ 
<{ 
*t 
«i 
it 
4t 


f 


'  Oi  two    Tuil.. 

l'u-"ijnt-s  cj' 
•gflVt  .c)ri!i;it 
ii}',lit  (It'  fhc 
to  1)1  ill  iIk 
litcit  iiuin\,i- 
7  tnijf: ,  fol- 
ic rontriiiVi 

il     li'McllIlt, 

iti'v  1  villi',  oil 
.'/  S.t'/:h,ru'.i^ 
c'lii  /','./.'ii/;.r, 
the  /hln/h 
's  river,  the 
t  thu  Ittik- 
le  quart*.  IS, 
roycd ;  ati-l 
c  inoiuli  ot 
7  I'ery  Litefy 
a,  i^c."-— 
)nctived  the 

mentioning 
:  novel  doc- 
tnt  made  at 
had    pitjjedy 

in  the  Icgi- 

ibjc(5l, — wc 
fident  i5/(fl/> 
,  1770,  to 
B  to  George 
',  to  whongt 

«    oiir    ' 


'^j 


J 


'"■^■'"'•^-■..un,|.;:  ,;^;:.;f''>- 


aiiee  for  m; 


cVc. 


'^'  l"-^^'"ne  ,0   ,,i,,  _„; 


ui'inion    upo/i. 


(  1  I    '  "^  "I  UK   I  iiiniiv  Oi   II  I 

n.eaiiav."  '*">    ^^'    '^    ^^'''^   .i,ul  p,,,j  ,,, 

^'•^•••'vorA,...,;....    ....:.'    V'^'"^'     ^^V.;/,   that  the 


r 

'S 


"' '  "i"'-.    Wc  .uc-;.,    ,'■'"'?",  "'■  "/'■  of  they/./ 

'-''•■.■-#.«..„  /../;;;;„,•;:,,•"""";''  ''•'"•  '■'••^■'>  <iut  .i,c 

0-"K'.T  ro    TMK    wrsrl  r        "'    '"'"'  """• 
'"•'""■y   Cover  >l.cmou,   1?    "'''';  "'•"  !'^"'  "^  "'c 

»''-h.  nothing  c'on  ci '  "n;;':'';''""''  ''"--"'- 

^^c  mo.1  amply  p,„„j  by  „,     '  "  '/'""  "■""''  ■■'=  can 
Tl.e  real  and  oJly  obicfl  o    r\'     ''^'"  "°"  ''-"S-- 

for  lands  ,„  ,/..  ...„^X  o>  "'  '"  "-'-<!  ,.ay„,c„t 

->d  A'.o/.W..-.and  <he  h°  e  T?  ''"i"'''  "^'"S'"'- 
"■••■m  to  .heir  full  ra,i,faaion        "'°7  ^""Orably  paid 

of  ;"-^-«/.  .old  ,he ./.;:;;:''"  /';/7,-ffio»- 

/>./,.«„  FirginU  and  you  .-.t  ,  f„,       ''**""  "  "'* 


**  people, 


.■^lA 


Ti^rrm 


'f   'I 


'^  I 


»!  >l 


'    I      1^0     ] 

*'   pfopir,  "  trhom  yn\i  compl.iin  of,  ,irr  /.7/A./."-  And 

adcl.cl, **   We  will  give  you/.nr  hundrt\I loundif 

**  Penv.f^lvani.i  money,  n^^  c^ihiitt^.r,  fh;it  noh  iiniiic- 
*'  di.urlv  m.ik/'  n  drni  rt\c{^tnzutr  t'u-  An  i^'s  rty'  t  to  all 
«'  thr  hn<!,  fl\ii  jr,-,  r.,  JJ  i//  /,-,  h-  /v;  Maj  ,:)\  .//>- 
*♦  pointmrr.t^  IK  tf-c  co>'ti;;r,f  I':;  ^::t  ,"  Ifoiii  i  cMclcis 
will  be*  pUafc.l  to  rcfur  to  pi;;f  :.'.  :  ^,  thry  wi'I  lit, 
th;it  this  reccr^nition  rtlatiil  {\n\\\\  10  tlu'  ^/'.v  .\,iti:iis 
Ijaving  put  ihc'n  hnds  ?//,./fT  /A  pi  jtt-^ti?)!  o['  the  iiown 
oi Efi<^!tin.I :  and  this  .ijif-  mis  alio  fiMin  t!u'  trc.ifir.  IkKI 
>vith  tiuMii  ill  I75;>,  hy  tlu  II()i)oiM!>le  liU'iin:  tjifi.ix 
2.1  li'ini  hi/?<rt  ^nil  (Icncral  li'.t/iirrj^i')  (th  11  .1  Major 
in  the  (cr\  ice  o^  J'trdlni  i  )  .it  /.'.)'  -j  7":^ .;//.-- -fiMU  tlie 
trc.uy  hehl  at  Cirlijh-^  in  the  n\t)nth  oi  Sejueniher, 
unci  OAober,  175^,  hy  Riih.uJ  Peters,  J/ujc  Acrris 
;'nil     Hi'vjjmir     Franklin^    J'Tips.    Cummiflioners    for 

J\'nn/y!vafiiiif   witli   the  Six  \i!ti:Ks,    ^'e. from  tl\c 

r9>rf/ inlirudlions   to  Sir  D.ini<ci  s  Ofl-^jnic  in  17;:;; 

fri)!n  the  crcvn  conunillloncrs,  tlieir  declaration  to  the 

Six  J\\ific':s  at  .-^Ihauy^    in   I  7 'I,    in  thcfc  words, 

**  for  although  //';•  i.jtnl is  under  the  K'in{*'s  gr.2'ernmenty 
'*  yet  the  property  of  Jelling  il  to  ixn\<  rf  his  Mijjejly^s  ful>- 
**  JcflSf  having  authority  from  him,  we  always  corjider- 

**    edr.s  vejied  in  ycUf    (the  Six    Nations) mu\  which 

**  (country)  weeverdidyM^AdoJlillacknowlege  to  belong 
**  toyoUi  lilth'jugh  within  y^ur  father  the  king  of  Great 
*'   Britain^ s  dominion  A  n  n  u  n  1^  r  R  h  1  s  p  rot  E  c  T  ion  ."* 

That 


:  ( 


"t'';l- 


•  The  King  of  Fuj^huJ  never  rftecniCfl  liiTr.filf  in  any  other  lijjlit  than 
4i  an  ,7//y,  bound  to  piotc^  the /i.V,  for  tlic  ia  Satti/m;  and  that  when 
they  fuhmitted  t<)vir  cnnntty  to  hit  prcletlion,-"h  gave  hioi  no  title  to  il. 
as  he  well  knew,  that  no  engagement  hy  one  ilate,  to  guaranty  anotlm 
Hatoin  its  polletTjons,  conid,  hy  any  mode  of  conftruOim,  be  made  ta 
imply  a  right  over  fu(  h  pofFefllons.  It  is  fit  alfo  to  be  obfcrved,  and  rc- 
rricmbcrcd  ^hat  by  the  above  fpecch,  the  right  of  the  Six  Sations  to  the 
property,  or  /ionhuium  ntt'r,  of  their  country,  was  recogniztd  and  offtrtei 
Jn  the  liiongeil  mannpr  by  ao-wn  ctmmijfiimtn  from  alniolt  all  the  Ameri' 
ft'i  governments  alTemhIed,  and  a^ng  uodcr  the  immediate  authorityt 
and  in  the  name  of  the  King  of  BMgUml. 


■'  t 


fii.ir-  Atui 

><>u  iii)nit'- 
f  riy/t  to  all 
('1/  .:\''  .//>- 
Dill  rc";ult'ts 
uy  \\i'I  111', 
>/.v  i\iiti'jns 
the  tiowu 

flMfii   >    IkIiI 

;^>.'  /  ji'  f.iX 
11  .J  Mi:j(,r 
■  •  'fi  'in  tlie 
Si-ptc'inbcr, 
l.uic  Acrris 
loners  fOr 
— from  the 

117; '; 

itiun  lo  the 
ivords,— -— 
overnnu'utt 
<jj(jly*s  fiil'- 
lys  corjtih'r- 
-and  luhiih 
y  to  belong 
g  of  Great 

LCTION."* 

That 

her  lit' lit  than 
nd  that  when 
I  no  title  to  it, 
iranty  anotlm 
n,  be  made  ta 
irrvcd,  and  rc- 
Sations  to  the 
J  and  affirted 
all  the  yimeri' 
ktc  authorityt 


f 

/rXJt  ,f;;,,;'',^^;'"  ','"'''.1;"'  "'ci.-  I.mds  „„J,,  „,, 

"  '■"■'■I  huh  „,/,„,,  ,,;■■,;;  ;  •  "•■  '>""-v=r/,.  ,„d 

;^c.--fVo,„  Colonel  ^^.^jtr,  ^,::'""*''.   ^^'''--". 
/"■■'  l.y  .he  King    of  ^'^  ;  j!^^  ^"'"vc  .rea.y  „as  ..„. 

»h.  n  he  delivered  a  fp  eeh  f       ^•:,. ^'""'"  '^'onckton, 

"f  October  .hey.h,  ,-6;    f'"™ '■>' ^^^-'P'ocIamauL 

'-'d»  .0  .he  w/-../^:;S«''^'°"; '-.ling upon 
declaring,  ■•  ,har  ,1,,  /  ,  ■^""•^ '^''"'""w.-  and 
"    '■  ,1.      .  """'""''""^andtrii 


<( 


»  with  whom  we 


UNDER  OUR   p 


are 


-"-*K  OUR    PROTECTION   "    (C  \r 

Pofc  the  treaty  at  ^/W  and  C        'f^  ^^  ^^- 

ftrua 


^«  of /«. 
connefted,  .„d  ^^,  /.^,^ 

is  pur- 
;iin. 
:ioi)s 


:.^    >!■ 


I'A 


r'f 


<'      'f; 


«m   ' 


•{li 


5 


^^ 


if)' 


Ci' 


i  li.      .1 

■fJI 

Ji 

1 

■J                                                     ' 

•' 


1  .    .. 

1%  ' 


h 


I 


12.^      5 


•  t 


(innf lions,  c^'c  )  *'  lliouKI  not  be  inoKi'cd  in  fnch 
*'  p.uts  of  our  iloiuinion  ;inil  fen  iioriis,  ns  ir* 
*'  A.KWA^i;  hi'ii  (till J  /'/  .';/•  /^tii cl<.'/'i(i  hy  :/>,  fhould 
**  be  rrlVrvnl  to  tlum,  o:c."---lioni  ilic  ii..iry  at 
frhnfn  If,:/lt  in  I7('^!  .iiul  1-6;,  lidcl  bv  Sir //>///,•;;: 
J  ''nfouy  rj.iroiut,  with  tlu  Si\  !\ati.i:i^  tor  the 
iVftllnj^  of  a  houhtinrx  linCy  btiweeii  their  eDViiUi  y,  aiul 
tliit  of  the  V.'u^g  of  Fnc/.n,\i,  auil  to  jnit  **  :\  final  endtj 
'*  ifil'liitr.s  l.ciuetii  /•/.  jHt^i^h  aiul  )()«i,  ;inti  to  ihj  you 
*•    ■iii.'l  itiUiie,"    <*vr. —  I  hi-,  ^\a'^  a  /•/!  >'if'ii::.i>  ;  treaty, 

je(|>ei^tit)Mi!(* /•.•.'.•././/> It  \vill  appear  aho,    liuit  tlie 

Six  I\,iti:iis  h.ul  only  put  i!u  if  laiul*;  muli  r //•r//-7r.7/  v 
of  tl»c  rrrwn  '.f  EnrJ,!  i!^  aiul  liad  Kot  iold  ihcni— fi  oiii  (//■; 
Cdiyi  letter  to  the  governor  oi  Prnv/yl-ii'ri.i  u^  i-oM. 
Froi\i  the  nuflaj;r*  ot  !^';<  j^o^'crnor  to  the  general  aireni- 
blv  of  that  nn)\ince,  and /Af /V  anlwer ;  5cc.— -.roin 
the  fpterh  of  t!>e  .V  .v  \,:fi';ns  to  ilie  A7>.<;'.f  deputy  lii- 
perintendani  of /'/(/.(i/;  afl'aiis  at  />/ /  /V//,  in  Mav  fol- 
lowing:  I-Vcjr  />'\  //<7...'- ;?/ r,/7  7,'^;/,"./'.f  ihUrr/s^  May 

3  iff,  in  the  I'anu  year,  /:  the  r:in  i  il  (iv.J  h'Aiff  -^f  Ihtr- 
^rjjt^  of  thai  ( oioiiy,  wheitin  lie  faid,  **  Thiii  a  let 
**  of  m<Mi,  repardh  is  of  liic  laws  of  natural  jufriee, 
**  immlndful  of  the  duties  they 'jue  to  fouetv,  an«l  in 
"  contcn-.pt  of  royal  proclamations,  l\JVi'  durt'd to  fittlt 
•*  thi'TfU'ilviS  vpon  the  liindif  )u\ir  lit  d  Stent'  Crcck^  nnd 
J,**   Cheat  Rivert  w men  akk  i  in.  i-Rori  rty  oi    i  iir. 

**    iNiHANS." And   it    will  moreover   he   apparent 

from  the  treaty  at  Fort  Stuniuix  1768,  held  (in  purfu- 
ancc  of  orders,  from  the  king  of  Great  Jiritain)  by  Sir 
"William  "Johnjcn^  the  Govt  rnor,  and  chief  JujiiceofMeiv- 
Jcrfeyf  njui  commijpioners  for  Virginiaj  and  Pennfyha' 
nidy   with  chiefsof  the  5/.V  Nations^   DeLiivarrs  Shaw- 

vrfey   ar. That  the  crovjn^  at  that  time,  purchafed 

for  the  confideration  of  ten  thoufand  four  hundred, 
and  fixty  pounds  7/  3</  fterling,  and  other  coniidera- 

tions 


1-i 


«'*:! 


in    Tnch 
,     (IS     v* 

,    ihouM 

lu.iTv  at 
ir  H  lilti^m 
tor  the 
tUi  y,  aiul 
inal  end  to 
to  do  yoti 
f.  ;•  tn.ny, 
,    ti»at  the 

-iVom^""' 
,/  in  I  "<>'»• 
•ral  alVcin- 

. .  I oin 

Jcputy  lu- 
ll May  lol- 
Inii,  May 
/;  /  liui- 
li  It  a  fet 
il    jurrice, 
y,   uMtl  ii\ 
fdfo/.ttlc 
rcrkt   nr.tl 
or  1  in. 
apparent 
liii  ptuiu- 
\n)  by  Sir 
•eo/Nt'iv- 
\entifylv^'' 
•s  Shaw- 
irchaicJ 
Lundred) 
)n(idera- 
tions 


[       129      ] 

lions  incntioncil  in  the  grant  from  the  Six  Nati^tjs  td 
the  King,  all  the  country  dcfcribtd  therein,  to  wit.  — - 
from  the  .'fl/t^i^<vi,'  Mountain  to  the  river  Ohic^  8<c.  cx- 
ttptinj'  that  part,  which  is  the  property  of  the  pro- 
prietors ot   Ituliiuia. Having  llujs    by  this  liinunary 

train,  ncalUd  tlu fc  iniportant  LviXs  to  the  attention  ok" 
oui  iiitlcis,  we  hojie  il  will  have  been  reniavkeil  by 
llicin,  thai  not  tht  rma!LI\  notice  was  taken  of  the  l.iin~ 
i>i/lfr  tri-tity  ;--AuA  that  it  was  not  even  once  mentioned 
or  referred  to  by  any  perfon,  adting  under  authoriiy  of 
the  M'f^  of /V/?.''/.i//(/:--eitlicr  by  his  C'Ciwrals,  ftiperin- 
tt'nJ.uits  '.f  hh\ian  i^iihsy  or  any  of  liis  dot'crncrs  of 
proviiHi «,  and  ilKrcfore,  we  apprcliLiid,  we  might  be 
ixtufcti,  it  'vt  palled  (ncv  in  lilonce,  the  afieriion  of 
('ohful  Alaj'ry  that  the  triat\  fjf  l.ancajler^  confirmed 
by    thiit   '//  L^jii{s  Tcit'n^   tran^fi rred  the    lands  for  the 

v/i  '■f  the  jiiit.r/yirpinia. However,    wc  truft,    wc 

Ihall  he  parihrni d,  if  wc  take  a  (urfory  review  of  the 
treaty  of  A\C.',''^  T'::^';,  fei  up,  ;is  w'cll  as  that  of  Lafi- 
».://</•  upon  the  prettnt  occafion,   10  afiV^t  the  rights  of 

the  proprietors  of //.7//rt;/<z. Liiher  the  two  treaties, 

of  Lanio/ifrf  and  i\i:g^s  Tcuvy  are  not  good,  or 
they    do    not,   as    we  {h,\\\   fliew,   militate    in  the  Icafl 

againll  that  right. With   refpeft    to  the   firll,   after 

what  has  been  cited,  and  the  obfcrvatious  we  have 
made  upon  it,  we  (hall  only  fay,  that  i^thefc,  are  not 
abundantly  fufiicieni  to  deflroy  it,   the  treaty  from  it's 

generality  is  certainly  void. It  has  no  certain  bounds, 

wh.ich  all  deeds  from    I\idians  have,   that  arc  made  on 

fair,   and  honorable  grounds: And  there  never  was 

an  InAance,  where  the  Six  Nations  did  not  bound  their 
grants,  by  natural  land  marks,  as  Mountains,  Rivers, 
Creeksy  err  .--of  by  fome  other  plain  defcription,  w  hich 
they  could  ealily  recoUe^l,  and  teach  to  their  chil* 
drcn.'^— In  ihc  body  of  this  trtfaty^  the  commifliondr* 

R        . 


ul 


''fs^' 


i.'  i 


r' 

\i. 

V 

I''  '< 


111 


•I- 


L     130     :i 

0/  l'iti;inia   obfcrvoJ,    we  will  now  proccfd  ro  /rttL-, 
what   wo  arc  to   g".\t'  yoii  for  any  right  you  have,  or 
have  h.iJ  to  all  tiic  lanJa  fQUth-warJ  anJ  ux /iuftni  of 
4MjfyltVul  juJ  I\nn/y/:'t:>iia  :'-"Wh\c\\  at  any  rait,    ib  a 
gooil  dLlcri|)rion  tor  halt*  iht   WorUij   anU  ihi-n,   they 
icll  the  IniiiiV.s^  that  th».y  will  give  tluni  ^)Oo  / ,  Prnn- 
fylvaniii  money  if  iluy  will  excccntc  a  dccvl  **   rcioijfii?- 
ing  the  ktnpj^  right  toall  thclauils,  that  ;ircor  ihallbr 
by  his  !SLi}tjlj\  al^puntm.nt  in  the  ahn;  ^/ I'lrrinj/* 
Ah  the  ICin|;,    in  no  inll.incc,  tliai  we  have  hccn  able 
to  find,   ever  claimtvl    a  rij'hi    to  ihc  lands   of  the  Six 
tWitionSy    but  in   confciinciuc    of  /  urihu/e^   and  as  this 
claufc  refers  to  their  having  put    their  lands,   undrr  the 
crown  s  protcHioH^  it  woidd  be  a  w.ifte  of  time,  to  makt 
farther  remarks  upon  it; — for  if  the  treaty  of  Lanca- 
ficr  had  not  been  confidered  by  the  King,  as  a  nullity, 
certainly  fome  of  the  many  treaties  made  between  the 
years  1744  and  176^,   would  have  at  leait  once  men- 
tioned,  or  referred  to  it :      And   if  the  defcription,   of 
all   the   lands,   that    his    Majefty  '*  had    appoint ed^  cr 
**  /bould  appoint  within  the  colony  of  Virginia  "  intend- 
ed any  thing,   it  meant  to  give  the  King  a  right  to  bound 
that  colony,   Wherever  he    pUafcd.      What  then  be- 
comes of  boailcd  chnrtur  pretenfions  and  boundaries.— 
For  the  words  **  had  appointed  or  Jbould  appoint  "  can- 
not rcafonably  be  \uiderOood  in  any  other  fcnfc;   than 
that  the  king  pu&,iTcd  the  undoubted  rigtAt  of  limiting 
and  bounding  Virginia^  which  he  afterwards  did,  by 
the  Jiit'gany    Mountain,   as   may  be  feen  by  hit  royal 
proclamation  of  1 763,— by  his  indruAions  to  feveral  of 
his  governors  of  that  colony,— —and  by  extending  the 
boundaries  of  yandali^y  eaftward  to  the  Allegany  Moun- 
tain.'-^-U  SLtij  doubts  however  (hould  remtin   of  the 
infufficiency   of  the  treaty  of  tancafler,  the  treaty  of 
I'Og^t  Town,  and  the  orders  given  to  the  commiffion- 
^-^..     -  .>  ers. 


R  •  i^'i 


d  to  fettle, 
)u  have,  or 

ji/Iwnrd  cf 

y  rait,    is  ,\ 

il»i'n,   tlicy 

lO  /  ,  Pfun- 

it  or  ih:\ll  V'- 

c  been  able 
oi'  the  Six 
uMiI  as  this 
i,    under  thi 
DC,  to  make 
^  of  Lance- 
ts a  nullity, 
X'twccu  the 
once  mcn- 
ription,   of 
pointed^   or 
"  inicnd- 
ht  to  bound 
t  then  bc- 
indaries.-— 
\tint  "  can- 
[nfci   than 
)f  limiting 
[s  did,  by 
hit  royal 
Ifevcral  oi 
[ding  the 
1^  Mwn- 
of  the 
[treaty  of 
imiffion- 
crs 


[     '3'     ] 

frs  of  ri/f»i»»rt  would  fufilucntly  clear  up  the  matter.— 
The  (i>>viiii()r  of  that  colonv  in  thclc  orders,  fivs,  that 
**  as  /i,»»i^  douhts  hive  arifen  iih'Ait  thr  treaty  cf  Lane  all  cr 
**  and  fur  mi/ft  have  been  fprcail,  as  if  the  Six  Xationt 
**  th'ju^ht  thitn/ehes  impofed upon  hv  ;7,"— He  therefore 
diretfled  tlic  conuniHioncrs  ui  h.ivc  tlu  treaty  fully  cx- 
plaiiu  J  and  to  ••  obtain  a  confirmation,  if  poflible."— — 
this  Ihcws,  that  a>.  loon  as  the  Six  IWxti'.ns  iinderrtood 
the  treaty,  and  iIl  jd  made  at  LanrA/iery  their  apprehen- 

lion  ot  tmpojitr.n^    was  fully  eftablilhcd It  alio  proves 

that  the  dovernor  thought  fo  too,  or  'jvhy  aflc  fr)r  the 
C'jnjirmition  of  a  thing,   which  jlhotild  be  good  without 

it.' When  the    half    King    of    \\h-  Six  Nat  ions  ^ 

<3e.  reiiding  upon  the  Ohio^  aic  pred'ed  for  a  re- 
cognition of  the  treaty  of  Laneajicr^  ihcy  make  t!ic 
following  anfwers  j  which  furnifh  the  cleared  evidence, 
that  in  the  opinion  of  thefe  NaticnSy  tliey  had  been  de- 
ceived i  and  when  the  commiHioncrs  produced  the  Lan- 
eajier  deed  avuX  treaty,  and  fpoke  to  the  half  King  6c.---' 
They  replied,  the  Onondagi.  -.  ouncil  never  told  them, 
that  they  had  (old  further,  than  the  warriors  road  at 
th:  foot  of  the  Jllegany  Mountain,  and  they  would  con- 
firm whatever  they  had  done.  On  the  loth  of  June, 
the  commiifioners  again  ftrongly  folicited  them  to  give 
a  deed  of  confirmation,  and  the  Indians  next  day  an- 
fwcrcd,  **  Brother  the  Governor  of  Virginia,  we  arc 
**  well  acquainted,  that  our  chief  council  at  the  treaty 
"  of  Lancajier,  confirmed  a  deed  to  you  foh  a  qju  an- 
it  T-jTY  OF  LAND  IN  ViRHiNiA,  which  you  havc  a 
*'  right  to;— and  likewife  our  brother  Onas  has  a  right 

"  io  a  parcel  of  lands  in  Pennfylvania We  are  glad 

*'  you  have  acquainted  us  with  the  right  to  thofe  lands, 
**  and  afTure  you,  we  are  willing  to  confirm  any  thing 
*'  our  council  has  done,  in  regard  to  the  lands;  but,  -we 
^*  never  underfioody  before  you  told  us  yejlerday,  that 

"  the 


*-■.•-' 


k"  .      .      , 

-^'- 

I,'     - 

i 


1^ 


i>', 


w 

J  * 


t 


.••<J 


'1 


::Mi 


,   1 


li 


II 


^^1l 


'Ml 


i .-.  *■ 


;o  -i' 


•♦■w^- 


^■^' 


id 


V^-K 


[  ^32  1 


'*  f*fc'  /<snrf;  thfn  foiJy  "vucre  to  extend  farther  to  the  fun 
"  fittihgt  than  the  hill  on  the  other  fide  the  j4ilegany 
**  /////,  fo  thai  wc  can  give  you  no  farther  anfwcr/*— 
The  Indians  then  dcfircd  the  Governor  of  Virginia 
**  vtouid  build  a  Jlrong  hoiife  at  the  forks  5/  Monong-htla 
"  to  keep  fuch  goods,  powder,  IcaJ,  &c.  in,  as  fhould 
**  be  wanting-,*'— and  **  as  to  lands,  which  the  0hi9 
**  company  wanted  to  fettle,  the  Indians  only  obicrved, 
**  that  they  might  build  a  ftrong  hoitfc  op/cr/ ;*'-.— but 
with  rcfpccl  10  ihufc  (lands )  which  the  coniiTjiflioners 
had  allccd  for  at  Monongehcb^  **  they  (the  conimif- 
**  iioners)  imagined  the  Indians  had  given  up  the  lands 
'*  upon  that  river;— but  they  only  meant,  ground fuf- 
*^  fcient  for  the  fort  to  fland  upont  ^s  appeared  by  % 
•*  private  convcrfation  with  the  Half  Kingy  who  faid, 
**  that  was  all  that  was  intended." 

June  the  13th,  the  Indians  remarked,  "  We  have 
heard  what  you  faid,  in  regard  to  the  King's  delign 
of  m .iking  a  fettlement  of  his  people  on  the  waters 
of  the  river  Ohio ;  you  likcwifc  told  us  that  you  had 
'*  a  deed  for  the  lands,  figned  by  our  council  at  'he 
•'  tTC2Lty  of  Lancajfer.  Wc  alVure  you  of  our  willing - 
^*  i^efs  to  agree  to  what  our  council  does^  or  has  cone , 
^*  hut  "ue  have  not  the  full  power  here,  in  our  hands  t  m 
*<  Ohio,  We  mud  acquaint  o'u*  Council  9,t  OnondagOt 
••  of  the  aflTafr;  and  whatever  thft  bid  us  do— 
^*  WE  WILL  DO}  snd  in  regard  to  your  reguejitet  huild 
**  aftrong  houff  at  Monongehela,  you  told  u»,  it  would 
<*  require  a  fettlement  10  fupport  it  with  provil^nt 
*•  and  ncccflarics,  and  it  is  trucj  hut  w*  wiUtaki  ^rt% 
f*  that  there  Jball  ht  no  fcarcity  of  that  kindt  UK^  ire 
•*  can  give  you  A  fULL  answer.**— -Is  H  pbffible  to 
eonccire,  if  thel:iinds  on  the  Ohio  had  be«ri  conveyed 
by  the  treaty  of  lj>^?ieafter^  that  the  in^*«ilf#  vtojweM. 
feftlc4upoa  theta»  aod  cfpeciallj  the  Uiftff  Xhspui^^, 


n 
<( 


'M^'. 


'\.  .;^ 


.ii-jfji 


to  thf  fun 
'e  /flUgany 
infwcr/* — 
)f  y'lrginia 
lonong'htla 
,  1%  fhould 
\\  the  0hi9 
f  obicrveU, 
irt  ."—but 
iHuiflioncrs 
c  conimir- 
p  the  lands 
ground  fxif~ 
:arcd  by  a 
,  who  faid, 

'  We  have 

n^i  dellgn 

I  the  watersi 

lat  you  had 

ncil  at  'he 

ur  willing - 

has  cone  ; 

handsi  at 

Onondago, 

vs  DO— 

efitii  build 

s,  it  would 

provii^nt 

#«^/  fijlr/| 

ffible  to 
conveyed 


[     ^33     1  - 

ibofe  of  the  Six  Nations^  (hould  be  ignorant  o^  it. 
Their  idea  of  this  treaty  was  only,  that  their  chiefs  had 
conveyed  a  quantity  of  land  on  the  other  fide  (the  eaftern 
iide'^  of  the  y^llegany  hills.— And  it  is  evident  befidesy 
from  tlic  following  fpcech  of  the  comniffioncrt  at  Logg's 
Tov/nt  to  the  Haff  King,  &c.  that  they  had  no  other 
dcdgnf  with  rcfpeft  to  the  lands  upon  the  (Jbio,  but 
of  taking  them  and  the  Indians  yunder  thi  Kin^  s  pntecJtion  : 
Thi»  appears  alfo  from  a  part  of  the  treaty  of  Lancaf- 
ieff — the  treaty  at  Albany  in  1754,  and  General 
Braddock*s  inftru^ioiis,  &c.— ? — The  fpcech  above  al- 
luded to,  was  as  follows: 
**  Brethren, 
"  We  asslre  you,   tha-^  the  King,'  our  Fa-. 

**  ther,  BT  PURCHASING  YOUR  LANDS,  HAD  NEVER 
'*     ANY    INTENTIONS  01    TAKING  THEM   FROM  YOU, 

*'  but  that  we  might  live  together  as  one  jHrople,  and 
**  keep  them  from  the  French^  who  would  be  bad  neigh- 
"  hours:' 

If  this  was  not  the  intention  cT  the  commiflloners,  it 
is  a  clear  acknowledgment,  iliat  the  Indiant  were 
either  deceived  or  defrauded,  and  effe«5lually  deftroys 
the  tre'ty.  Notwith(landin3  they  repeatedly  informed 
the  commiffiopers,  they  had  no  authority  to  confirm 
the  treaty  o^  l^ncafler%  and  that  the  right  was  in  the 
Onondago  council, — yet  the  commiflloners  periifted  in 
"^refliog  their  requefty  a^d  the  JnSans  continued  in 
pefttfingy  till  taken  aiade  by  Montour^  \ht  interpreter, 
(at  dniokso  and  proftituted  a  perfon,  as  could  have 
betpfpund  in  all  the  colonieti  far  the  purpoie)-<i^who 
pctvaitcti  upon  the  Indians^  contrary  to  their  reiter- 
.  At€d,fi0r<|rapcet  oi  want  of  power,  to  iign  the  deed  of 
'  coafirmatioDi**— But  what  avails  a  ^ttd.  for  lands  ob- 
,>;.t»bedr^€iire  foggeftions,  and  ^m  peri^ns  too,  who 
dcfdfir^  aflio  i|ii4  k^gain  they  h^d  no  ^Vthoritf  rehltiye 
to  Ikfll^.?  .  the 


ti 


•^ 


.«i. 


»    < 

I 


;   1 

■■y4 


•'i?*^ 


#-< 


I' 


\L  : 


I'' 


,•»'     ;l 


11''^ 


Jt ,/. 


>     ' 


If 


>■■! 


C    134    ] 

The  purchafc  by  the  crown  of  the  country  on  the 
fouth  eajhrn  fide  of  the  Ohio,  in  1768,  at  Fcrt  Stati" 
ivix,  is  the  ftrongcft  proof  of  the  infufficicncy  of  the 
treaty  of  Lancajiefy-iov  why  buy  the  hmii  again, 
which  it  is  alledged,  had  been  purchafed  by  that  trcary? 
Docs  not  the  contracting  with  the  fame  Indian,  admit 
the  owncrfhip  to  be  in  them^  and  did  not  the  King  of 
England  accept  a  grant  from  them  at  Fort  Stanvjix? 
wherein  the  Six  Aations  were  at  that  lime  acknowledg- 
iCd,'~-the  true  and  ahfolute  proprietors  of  the  country** 
And  did  not  the  King's  purchafing  under  their  title, 
confirm  the  right  of  the  Six  Nations  to  the  country, 
of  which  the  lands  fo  bought,  were  a  part?— Verbal 
acknowledgments  coil  nothing,  but  a  valuable  pcvuiriary 
confideration  (to  wit,  /  10460  :  7  :  3  fir*  in,  Vc 
fum  paid  to  the  grantorsi  and  other  confiderauons  ex- 
prcfled  in  the  proceedings  of  Fort  Stanwix)  is  never 
given  as  the  price  of  any  thing,  without  a  full  con- 
,  vi<Jlion  of  th:  fellers  abfolute  property  in  it. — If  the 
treaty  of  Lnncajlcr  conveyed  aii  the  lands  within  the  char- 
tered  boundary  from  Jea  tofea,  as  is  the  prefcnt  doflrine 
In  Virginia^  why  did  not  Mr.  Walker,  commiflioner 
for  that  colony,  who  attended  the  treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix, 
frotefi  againft  a  purchafe,  whicb  circumfcribed  it's 
boundary  ?-«-And  why  did  not  the  general  aflcmbly  of 
Virginia  remonftratt  to  the  throne,  againft  this  in- 
fra^on  of  their  charter  ?"-but  the  plea  of  charter  and 
immeafurable  boundaries*  were  not  thought  of  at  that 
period.— AH  were  then  humble  petitioners,  foliciting 
indulgences  for  a  more  extended  boundary,  than  was 
fuggefted  by  the  board  of  trade,  and  *'  they  did  not 
**  prefume  to  fay,  to  whom  their  gracious  foTereign 
«  (hould  grant  his  vacant  lands,  on  the  back  oJ^ 
**  VinGiNiA.'*— At  all  tvents,  if  the  treaty  j»£  £411 
cajler  was  a  good  onei  does  not  a  fnbTeqiieM  treaty. 

COITCCi* 


« 


f 


try  on  the 
Fort  Stan* 
ncy  of  the 
mis    again, 
hat  trtary? 
arS'  admit 
he  King  of 
Stanwix  ? 
knowledg- 
e  country** 
their  title, 
ic  country, 
?— Verbal 
c  pecuniary 
r*'  in\      '^'C 
rauoiis  ex- 
:)   is  never 
I  full    con- 
lit. — If  the 
inthe  char- 
It  doftrine 
nmifGoner 
t  Stanwix, 
ribed     it's 
fembly  of 
this  in- 
rter  and 
of  at  that 
foliciting 
than  wait 
did  not 
IfoTcrcign 
ACK  Of 

trenty 
correft* 


« 


[    -'35  1 


I  orre«rt,  alter,  explain,  or  fet  afide  a  preceding  one  ? 
This  is  the  conAant  and  invariable  practice  of  all 
nations.  '*~ 

It  was  further  infiflcd  upon  by  Colonel  Mafon^  tbdt 
if  the  houf(  of  delegates  gave  up  the  treaty  of  Lancaftett 
they  'would furnifh  the  neighbouring  states  ^oith  the  h*fl 
arguments  ^  for  a  share  in  our  back  lands  .-'therefore^  it 
is  expedient y  that  this  treaty  fbould  be fupportedy  as  the 
intercfls  of  the  flate  are  concerned  in  it ; -"and  the  only 
vjay  to  prevent  other  states  from  claiming  the 
BACK  LANDS  wculd  be  to  infiji  Jlrongly  on  the  right  cf 
pre-emption. 

We  fliall  make  hut  a  few  fhort  obfervationt  upon  . 
thcfe  curious  arguments.  Right  or  wrong,  it  fecms, 
however,  the  treaty  of  Lancajler  was  to  be  maintained. 
It  has  been,  we  hope,  incontcftibly  proved,— that  it 
conveyed  no  property  to  the  crown  of  England,  fave  a 
fmall  quantity  of  land  to  the  ea/i-ward  of  the  j4lUgany 
Mountain; — and  that,  as  well  by  various  fubfcquent  I*"** 
treaties  and  tranfa^ions,  as  from  its  generality,  it  was 
abfolutely  void.  It  is  evident,  we  prefume  alfo,  that  ^* 
the  King  did  not  efteem  the  treaty  of  Lancajler,  of  any 
the  fmalleft  validity,  having,  in  no  inftance,  ever  re* 
ferred  to  it,  either  in  his  negociations  with  the^King  o£ 
France,  or  in  any  treaties  held  pofterior  to  it  with  the 
Six  Nations;— B\it  Colonel  Mafm  grcitly  depended 
ctpon  the  treaty  of  Lancafter,  and  faid,  as  has  been 
ftated,  "  if  it  was  given  up,  it  would  fumiih  the 
'*  neighbouring  ilktcs  with  the  b^  arguments,  for  a 
**  ihare  in  our  back  lands.** — ^This  fliews  the  extreme 
feeblcnc;is  of  the  claims  founded  upon  fuch  a  treaty, 
aa^  that  abetter  mfoas  cquld  be  affigned  to  ▼indictie 
%  thtti  tlim^«|lkS<i%  hcve  bfeii  mentioned, 
jv     £;S^^^^  androojfl  deilrtiaive 

mfpJlXkdmpFhuaf^rtperti^  init  thefcfore 
ild^ol  diit  reptoachfol  tranfadion^    As  to  the 


■^/ 


1 


w 

I   ^  ' 

la"  . 


hi' 


I 


m-- 


I 


pii 


K   ■ 


n 


nu 


.li 


II. 


H 


■fi^ 


\: 


i 


*^. 


'\ 


i:- 


'.%■ 


n 


!l-.W 


fli 


[      '36      J 

right  of  pre-emptiortf  to  prevent  the  other  itatcs  froni 
claiming  the  back  Uniis%  it  cannot  be  neceffary  to  fay 
more,  'han  if  the  tfcaty  of  Lancajier  has  been  (hewn, 
as  we  truft  it  has,  to  be  of  no  efl'cd,  except  only  as  to 
fomc  lands  to  the  cajiwardof  the  /^//r^aw^- Mountain  ; 
a  clainft  from  fuch  a  fourcc  as  pre-empt  ion  ^  is  not  of 
the  lead  importance  to  the  undoubted  right  of  the 
Untied  States^  or  that  of  the  proprietors  of  Indiana, 

Colonel  Mil/on  next  iniifted,  that  countenancing  the 
grantf   to    the  proprietors  of  Indiana^  •would  exclude  Or 

fundf  vjhich  might  befccured  to  the  Sate,   by  the/ale 

We  admit  it,  and  fo  it  ought The   cftaic  of  lord 

Jr,,^/'*x,  Colonel  Ala/on^  or  any  other  rich  perfon  in 
FiV^  would  (if   it  was   thought  expedient  to  pafs 

anothci  ex  pojl  fa^o  law,  and  declare  their  title  void) 
fell  for,  and  produce  a  very  large  fund  to  the  trcafury 
oiyirginiiU  The  liift  objection,  made  by  Colonel  Ma- 
foUi  which  we  think  of  fuificicnt  importance  to  take 
notice  of  was,  **  that  Do^or  l^'alker  fubfcribed  the 
**  grant  to  the  proprietors  of  Indiana,  as  a  bye  Jiander" 

Doctor  Walker,  it  will  have  been  fcen,  was  appointed 
tinder  the  feal  of  the  colony  of  Virginia,  a  commijfioner 
••  TO  SETTLE  a  boundary  line  between  that  colony, 
**  and  the  colonics  of  Maryland KCid  Pennfylvania,  and 
•^  the  feveral  Natioris  «/  Indians  concerned)  dfc,**  and 
for  this  purpofe,  he  was  required  by  his  cpmmiffion 
**  to  attend  at  a  Congrefs  at  Fort  Stanwix,  to  be  held 
**  under  the  Dire^hn  of  SWiniiiatn  John/on,  agreeable 
*'  to  his  Majefty*s  inftru^ions:  &c.^  And  it  willappear 
alfobythejournalsof  this  rretty,  that  he  aififted  in  skt- 
LiNC  the  fame,  and  joined  Sir  William  Jcknjhn^  and 
the  other'^rown  ctmmifSoners  in  declaring  to  the  Six 
Nations,  "  you  now  fee  the  govimor  of  thoi  Jtrf^ys, 
«  the  entmifiomri  oh lielj^f  ^f  tfiej|OY  ci^or  t^FiV- 
"  ginia,  nhd  comml(R0iMr$fimPiiUt/yh^        in  or- 

•«  det 


her  rtatcs  froni 
cceflary  to  fay 
s  been  flicwn, 
t-pt  only  as  to 
«>•  Mountain  ; 
'^«,  is  not  of 

right  of  the 
of  Indiana. 
tenanciuL'  the 
tld  exclude  a. 
y  thefale. — 
^aic  of  lord 
ch  pcrfon  in 
^icnt  to  pafs 
r  title  void) 
the  trcafury 
-olonel  Ma^ 
"ce  to  take 
ftribed    the 
y^Jiander," 
s  appointed 
'ommij/isner 
at  colony, 
vania^  and 

*r.**  and 

^ommiifion 

to  be  held 

agreeable 
"^ni  appear 

'»>«4  and 
o  the  Six 

Mi,  it  or- 


t    ^i7    ] 


^ome  Of  the  articles  of  .^..L'^,    ^^  ^-"owing,  are 

That .,.;;,  of  the  ;»r.W,;,,/ ,"*"  ''  '^'  ^ing, 
^ny  attempt:    on  t\^Z^:):2'T.''''''''^  "-'^c 


<< 

(( 

If 

4( 

f( 

f( 
(( 
<( 


•i    /        .       'f**    ""  "Hir  (the  /m^        n    ."'"'"  ">aicc 

"'  ""^ny  of  ,1.0(1  .hi,,,,.     ^;:' •"  '•'«  -y"  Nations  f.id  » 
«;■■»'.   '-<•   /..vyVr.,    WE    ,v.  '  '"  °''^"    'O 

'^^  y-'-.go,   in.y  have  "'tr;  "'"'■""""-* 
7^"  give  .lK,n  ,lown  ,he  ^fe       '^"^  "'^  '»»ds.  we 

'-^  "7'-.y/.  U,a,  i,  ,,,„   b  "^''  *°"'d  .t  fo  happen. 

dcfired."-I„  ,he  deed  oVceffiol.     ^  "»"'«  been 
;  land,    c,,,  .„  ,,;„  „t'.';*^^f  y«.o„Uho,d.hc 


f^ 


i'.' 


fc 


(C 

c 


r   138   ] 

anit    Mr.    U\ilkcr,    and    the    other    commiifionerfy 

**    STRENC  THEHED     RATIFIED     AND     CONFIRMED 

the  heuHiUry  jiiJ  ML  iransactions  ncce&saRT 
THERETO,"  and  ihcn  told  the  Six  Nations,  that, 
he  confidcrfd  ihe'iv  i^coJ  intentions  towards  the  tra- 
**  ders,  who  had  fuftaincd  the  lolTcs,  and  their'dcfire 
to  fulfil  all  thtir  engitgemcntSt  as  injfanccs  of  their 
integrity.**-— \ad  immediately  afterwards,  addrefs- 
ing  hiinfcU  to  Mr.  IValket ,  and  the  other  Commilion- 
crs,-— Sir  li'illiAm  obfcrvcd,  "  That  agreeable  to  his 
**  Aldji'Jly^s  inllr;i«lti()ns,  he  took  the  liberty  of  recom> 
•'  niending  it  ftroni»ly  to  *heir  fcvcral  provinces,  to 
**  ena^l  the  moft  eft'e^lual  laws  for  the  obfervance  of 
**  the  line  i  and  the  relidnce,-.—hc  added,  which  the  In- 
**  dians  had  on  theih  justice,  from  the  afTurance 
*<  he  had  given  them  ort  that  head,  had  proved  great 
'**  inducements  to  the  fettlemcnt  of  it,** — To  which  Mr. 
IValker,  in  behalf  <  'irginia,  joined  the  governor  of 
Jerfey  and  the  com  .liffioners,  in  faying — *'  That  110- 
"  thing  fhould  be*-  wanting  on  their  parts,  to  the  ob- 
**  taining  fuchficurity  for  the  boundary,  as-was  deemed 
^<>  necefiary  on  their  return  to  their  rcfuc^tivc  colonies.^ 
Can  siny  man,  or  body  of  men,  fuppofe,  after 
reading  thefc  fa£b,— -that  Mr.  Walker  figned  the  deed 
to  the  traders  or  to  Mr.  Croghan^  ••  us  a  bye-bander  i**— 
but^t  is  6t  to  be  known,  that  he  declared  on  oath,  be- 
fore the  houfe  of  delegates  of  Virginia^  at  the  hearing 
before  that  houfe,  on  the  part  of  the  proprie^rs  of 
Indiana,  and  when  he  thought  he  had  only  fubfcribcd 
the  deed  to  thefe  gentlemen,  as  a  c&mm4n  ivi/s^,— that  * 
he  would  have  done  it, ,  as  QfrnmiJ/ionei' for  Virginia,  if 
he  had  b«cn  called  upon  to  do  it,  in  that  charaRer, 
4U  Sir  Wittiam  Jobnfon  told  him,  the  boundary  line  could 
not  ^e  got,  without  the  grant  was  made  /«  the  trtd^i 
The/aA  however  is»  that  Mr.  fji^#r  ^^^  ftibf^^ribe  fh 


( 


,.-r.# 


grant 


;^^t 


-f 


nnj{fioner«f 
N  !•  I R  M  £  n 

ECESSART 

ionSt  that, 
ds  the  tra- 
Lhcir'dcfirc 
cci  of  their 
s,  addrcfs- 
bmmi^on- 
ablc  to  his 
y  of  rccom- 
rovinccs,  to 
afcrvancc  of 
>hich  the  In- 
he  aflurance 
droved  great 
3  which  Mr. 
governor  of 
.«*  That  no- 
I,  to  the  ob- 
-was  deemed 
vc  colonie*'** 
pofc,   after 
(cd  the  deed 

oathi  be- 

|ihc  hearing 

ipricyrs  of 

fubfcribed 

ifB*/jf,-that 

Wirginiay  if 

charaflfrt 

line  could 

ibf<fribetli<: 

grant 


tc 


C     '39     3 

giant  of  Indiana^  and  the  ouc  to  Mr.  Crcghan,  In  ihcfc 
words.  *'  Thomas  Wii  ktr  commismonek  ior 
•*  V  IRC  IN  I  A,  as  may  be  fcen  by  the  original  deeds, 
**  new  in  P/'i!iiJt'//hia:—hui  enough  has  been  obfcrvcd 
upon  this  fiibjcdk  to  Ihew,  that  the  government  of 
Virginia  was  a  partj  to  all  the  tranfa^lions  of  the  treaty 
of  Fort  Stanwix,  and  conl'cqucntly  bound,  and  con- 
».ludcd  by  the  a«^ts  of  its  ccmmijfioncr ,  for  **  in  public 
**  compads  with  fovercign  princes,  or  other  confliiu- 
**  lional  governors,  made  by  their  de/futies  or  agents, 
the  law  of  n.itiuT  (and  nations)  is  the  fame  as  in 
promifes,  \»'hich  individuals  make  by  proxy:  —what 
the  deputies  ^;,  under  authority  of  therr  public 
commirtion,  binds  their  priniipals,  even  though 
they  exittd  fonic  private  inllrudlions,  which  tlicir 
principals  had  given  them."* 
Colonel  Mafcn  concluded  his  nrguments  againft  the 
proprietors  of  Indiana^  by  faying,-i-If  we  have  in  this 
cafe  deviated  from  the  rules  of  JiriB  dijlributive  juflice, 
the  falus  pcpulit'—io  which  I  have  (o  often  referred  in 
this  houfc,  has  been  the  incitement,  and  it  has  been 
expedient  for  the  good  of  the  commonwealth.  He  then 
moved  the  houfe  to  come  to  certain  refolutions,  and 
June  the  17th,  1779,  the  legiflature  oi  Virginia  paflcd 
a  law,  refpe£ling  the  right  of  pre'emption^  and  therein 
declared  the  title  of  the  proprietor!  of  Indiana  to  be 
utterly  void  and  of  no  effedV.     See  Appendix^  No.  2. 

After  what  we  have  remarked  on  political expedifnry, 
falus  populi,  and  ex  po/ffaBo  laws,-— >we  (ball  only  add» 
that  deviations  from  <*  firi^t  didributive  juilice,*'  in 
the  decifion  of  private  property  are  do^ines,  which 
have  not  only  a  dire£l  tendency  to  looftt}  the  bonds  of 
government,  to  render  all  tidet  wholly  inTecnre,  and 
too  often  dependant  ufon  the  pleafure,  polky>  refent^^ 

ment| 

*  Sm  laAitMcs  9t  NMunl  I^r,  vol.  XX.  ^  .^^^ 


•  f 


.;.':!! 


Bl     ■ 


::•   ( 


C     140    ] 

sneiUi  or  caprice  of  a  few  ft^iout  men,  but  are  iiiTa- 
^vc  of  the  province  ot  a  juryi  and  Hxrd  and  learned 
j  Ji»c5;— — wht>  arc  **  difccrncre  per  legem,  quid  fit 
juilum." 

Juibcc  Crook  well  obferved  in  the  cafe  of  the  illuf- 
tricus  Hiimodcn^'"^\\\M  judges  mvift  nj^  give  theiry«r/^- 
ments  according  to  f  oticy,  or  rules  o/^fiatc\  nor  conve-' 
niences^  but  oJy  accurding  t9  Axix;.*— In  fine,  the  doc- 
trines of  folitii'al  fx/ciiitncYt  &c.  arc  loo  frequently 
pretexts  to  fubvt  rt  the  funJ.iPR'iual  laws  of  a  country, 
^ndcr  the  fpccious  pr'tence,  ih;u  thi*  necejftty  of  the 
eajt\    and  the  ^5a^of  i^ovcrnmcnt  rciiuircil  it  — 

**  It  is,  f.i)s  Mr.  Hume,  the  na;urc  of  this  w/</;^/v, 
**  to  abol:Jb  xW  iaiu,  and  by  irrelillible  violrnce  to  dif~ 
"  /olve  all  the  weaker,  and  more  artiiicial  tics  of  hu- 
**  man  fociety.**— 'But,  furely  the  ft  ate  of  yirginia, 
claiming  unnumbered  millions  of  acres,  was  not  in  fo 
necejfitoui  a  condition,  ns  to  juftify  a  replenilhing  of 
its  treafury,  upon  the  ruin  of  hundreds  of  ufcful  citi- 
zens, poor  widows  and  helplefs  orphans— -To  conclude ; 

Upon  every  view  of  the  treaty  of  F^rt  Stanwixt  the 
conveyances  to  the  King  and  to  the  proprietors  of  Indi- 
ana,— it  will  be  manifcftly  evident,  ti>at  the  right 
of  thefe  proprietors  and  Air,  Croghan  ftands  upon  the 
broad,  and  folemn  bafis,  and  is  an  eiTential  part  of  a 
public  trc&ty, ^tnce  abundantly  ratiji$d^  between  i^o  fo- 
vereign,  and  independant  Nationn  That  the  obje^of 
it  in  the  firft  inftance,  was  to '  procure  juftict  for  dif- 
treiTed  fubjeAi,  who  had  been  rdbbcd  b^  dependant 
tribes  of  the  Six  Nations i  and  to  efttblifli  a  point  of/0- 
licy  among  them,  which  would  probably  leflen  fuch 
fobbcriet  ip  fu;ure,  b^  authorising,  i^  4fiDaiy|  frcni 
tiicii  chi^efs.  It  was  not  a  hafty,  or  precSphate  mea- 
fure. — It  was  begun  at  a  public  treaty*  between  Sir 
milim  Johnfrn^  the  ^ijf  A^Mtftif  iMid  by  arficUs  «/ 


.     ^ 


» «<'^ 


.*-*■ 


but  tre  inva- 
d  and  learned 
gem,  quid  fit 

'  of  the  illuf- 

V;   nor  convg" 
ine,  ths  doc- 
oo  frequently 
)f  ;i  couDtry, 
fcrj/ity  of  the 
lit.— 

"this  mrrj/ity, 
oUnce  to  dif- 
tl  tics  of  hu- 
of  Virginia^ 
'as  not  in  fo 
)Ienif])ing  of 
>f  ufcful  ciii- 
ro  conclude : 
Uanivixt  the 
:tors  of  Indi- 
it  the  right 
ds  upon  the 
al  part  of  a 
ireen  two  fo- 
the  obje£l  of 
Uce  for  dif- 
^  depeodant 
point  of /&• 
kflen  fuch 
nia^  froni 
ipitate  mea* 
between  Sir 


t    14 


} 


t'M,  on  behalf  of  ihe  D  •/,. 

'7«5.  <Thcaocun,c„t    St«r'  *"  '"   '^'^^-d 

'7^8,   by  a  deed  ,o  ,),c  A,  '"  •^''"'"■'*    in 

""«  <o  the  cron„,  was  m^  1      •  '^"•?*'"'-l"'ie  i„„vcy. 

•o  'here  ,„,,,,,,;,  7„7';^;.  *4-</...  „;<,„  „.  ,,:^^ 

°f  E'ghty    five  Thoufand     .^i        .     '''"""•  "  ""^  fum 
Care  .hccin  ,ha,  nci.  .ct  1:''  ""'  ''"■  S'""'""  d- 

*'.aUvcrforthcIa„d'f;;„":'    '^°"'''    pay.  any   f„„ 
'^"x^y  do  no,  belong  ,„  mT:;  ^'"'  "'"'■«=q"Cn.ly. 

««a.y  of  For,  J/.«-.,V  ^Ij  ^u  '" ^'"'""■■■•bu!  .be 
Th'     "'7"--  -"'"^    a  l7"'f  ""-""-fled 
•he  confideration  n.onev  al^"    ^""1""  ^^'-  ''"•••"fi. 
°''>*rco„fidcra,io„.  ^7byZ J      '""''"'  "'  "»« 
of  .he  deed  of  ceffion  waVL  .'    l"^'  "  ""  *"«"'io» 

'">«.  and  becaufc  .he  fta'e  of^^f""!'  '"/i-^.  Ster. 

oftfcehnds ceded  brir   o,J  '^  .''"*  Slanted  p,„ 

confined  i,,  p,„.  .,.d  Sid  ^  "•?  ""'y '"'""'  b;    . 

««.teof*Vr^fc  h„,  i„f^Za      ~*'''-— •»«  rt.  ,■ 
«.?«.W  ,he  .re^J  i"  ™  »>«>ft  «m.ple  man,,.,,  ,„ 

'  *•"  "^'OWBifflonerfc; 


^Ajf 


1^"  t 


Ih 


[li 


Virginia  at  the  treaty  of  Fort  StantvixJ  and  General 
Andrnv  Lewis,  were  tppolnted  commiflioncrs  tn  the 
part  of  that  ftatc,  to  wait  on  Mr.  Stuart^  the  King's 
late  fuperintendant  of  Indian  affairs  to  the  fouthuard, 
for  the  purpofe  of  endeavouring  to  fix  a  new  boundary 
line  between  the  Cherokees  and  yirginia.-Au  the  courfc 
of  their  communications  with  Mr.  Stuart,  they  faid, 
••  the  evil  would  be«ncreafed  by  the  lofs  of  the  quit- 
**  rents  annually  paid  for  thefe  lands,  and  would  give 
•*  the  Cherokees  a  large  ti  a<fl  of  country,  th.U  was  never 
**  claimed  by  them,  and  now  is  the  property  of  the 
••  crown,  as  Sir  IVilliam  Jchnfon  aHually  pur  chafed  it 
•*  of  the  Six  Nations  of  Indians,  at  a  very  confiderable 
•*  expend,  and  took  a  deed  of  ccffion  from  them  at  Fort 
*'  Stanwix,  the  5th  day  of  November  laft." 

On  the  7th  day  of  December,  1769,  the  houfe  of 
burgeflfes  of  rirginia  promifing  themfelves,  through 
the  good  offices  of  their  governor  Lord  Botetourt,  that 
they  ihould  prevail  on  the  King  of  England  to  annex 
the  lands  wefiward  of  the  Allegany  Mountain,  to  the 
dominion  of  Virginia,  and  that  his  IprdOiip  would  be 
inftru£ted  to  grant  them  to  the  people  of  that  colony } 
they  therefore,  by  a  tneflTage  to  his  lordlbip,  defired  to 
luiow,  "  Whether  the/<iiM  of  government  is  now  en-. 
*'  g^ged  to  confirm  any  orders  of  council  for  Ranting 
**  lands  lying  between  the  AlUganyjMountain^  and  a 
«  line  that  may  be  Tun  from  the  v^ern  termination 
«*  of  the  North  Carolina  line,  to  the  copfluence  of  the 
**  Ohio^  with  the  Mijifippi;  the  terms  o^  which  orders 
<^  have  not  been  complied  with ;  and  that  he  would  be 
*'  pleafed  in  future,  to  difcourage  all'  monopolies  of 
««  land  within  the  colony.**  .# 

On  the  8  th  of  the  fameinonthi  hbtd  Botetourt  an* 
/Vrered,  «  The  faith  of  governmeoc  U  noit  engiged  to 
^*  confirm  any  tirders  of  co^cn,  tlie^rmii  o^htch 

^  •   ••  li»f« 


md  General 

n<^rs  r«n  the 
the  King'i 
fouthuard, 
!V  boundary 
\  the  courfc 
.   ihcy  f^id, 
►f  the  quit- 
^vould  give 
t  was  never 
^f-^y  of  the 
urchiifid  it 
•onftderabU 
em  at  Fort 

c  houfc  of 
I  through 
iourtt  that 
'  to  annex 
'«»  to  the 
would  be 
u  colony} 
dcfired  Co 
s  now  en^ 
Ranting 
(Vt»  and  a 
'mination 
>cc  of  the 
:h  orders 
MTould  be 
>poIies  of 


„.  "     I  '«  J  . 

*^n  the   i3t||   of  D 

approving  ,he  bo.,d  ofTra^tw^    '':' '^"-«'«  « 

'h..  hi,   Majcft,  had  ZZn'fX'"''  ""''  '«*. 
;h«:  fi.ua.ion  ,r /A„>  >,„„>„"    ,"'  •'•JMlwea  with 

"  'i«h..     They  a,  ,h.  famfr'  ""''  '^"  J"*  «ad 

A-.-  («»a.  p,op':feU  ?  ieL'"!.""!;*"* '^''" 
great  pan  of  iKo.       /*    ^     *  *'<'*>'<'  of   iraW«^^ 

"  i^r""' '"''  *"'■*''  from  LB^r-  *«-!' 

on  tke  upper  pare  o*  A'«M«'7  •  "■'*  ""■'"r,,  ' 

<o«wry.  ft«.    A,  your  me^  -^ri''!  «"'  «'«'i!»e  •. 

;•  *ft  «.f.n  ,0  f.„,  r.  .l^'TV'f  ••"•«  'he  great!         ^ 


I 


(:'• 


*': 


;! 


I 


it'' 


[     144     ] 


II 


« 

II 


aod  th«  ^r^tf/  Ktnhawii,  whereby  the  rcttlemeoti# 
Which  may  be  attompicd  in  thcfe  quarterti  will  irf 
all  probability  be  uucrly  dcftroyed,  and  that  great 
extent  of  country,  ftom  the  mouth  of  the  Kinba-wa 
iQ  the  \TkO\xi\\  of  the  Cherokee  river^  extending  eail- 
"  ward  to  khc  Laurel  Hill^  Jo  very  lately  ceded  to  hit 
*<  Majsjlyt  and  to  which  no  tribe  of  Indians  at  prdcnt 
"  (et  up  any  pretcnfions,  will  he  abandoned  t9  the Cht' 
*'  rolices.'*—~Scc  further  explicit  r^co^/iiV/o^;/,  of  the 
cefliurf  ht'rc  alludcil  to  on  the  part  of  yirginia,  in 
APPEND  IX  No  I. --A  full  acknowledgment  of  the  crea- 
ly  at  Fort  Sianulx,  and  grant  of  lands  to  the  A'm^, 
wa»  a;tO  made  the  yth  of  0<ftdber  1775,  at  Fort  Pitt, 
by  commijfioners  appointed  by  the  colony  of  yirginia."^ 
ihey  then  fpoke  to  the  chiefs  and  warrioi^  of  the  Six 
Nations^  DeUiuaresy  Hhawnejfe,  fVayand»ttt,  and  Ot" 
tijUT'.   to  this  cfTci^.  j 

Brother Sy  ;  ; 

Wc  have  reafon  to  believe,  that  great  tineaflneff  and 
jcalpufies  have  prevailed  among  you,  rcTpc^ng  fuf 
intentions  of  making  encroachments  upon  your  lands. 
You  mud  be  all  feniible,  the  lauds  on  this  fide  the  OSivt 
as  far  at  the  CAeroAr^  river ^  were  purchafed  at  th«  treaty 
of  Fort  StaniuiXt  by  Sir  IVilliam  Johnfon^  for  tke  King 
^England,  who  hat  fincefold  thtm  to  hit  children  •»  this 
continent ^yi)xi^\i  they  now  cxpeA  to  enjoy  in  pCMei--^-^ 
To  whom  did  he  fell  tnem?-*>Dld  he  do  it  to  the  go^ 
ircrnm^t  of  Virginia^  or  to  the  inhabitantt  of  tkat  ot 
of  any  other  ftate  in  €on£edeFacy>  and  for  wkgl 
price,  and  when?  i  ^'' 

A  juft  and  eafy  foltition  can  be  g1ven»  .id  tlief«  que- 

ftions,  by  an(Vcring, ^That   Dr.  Franklun  Mnd  hit 

afibciatet,  wete  the  only  peribnt  to  whom,  tlie  King 
ibid  a  part  ofche  lands  granted  lo  ^S%is  BMijr  b*  N*n 

tn 


^fi: 


I  r- 


'^  Ttih  it  aA  error,  ^or  ttt<  pwrthi^,  imd»bf  tWt  Xbts  "t  l^*tt  Mmw/U, 
ckt«nd«<l  taf-ward^  from  the  river  OM*  t*  tl»«  rtft  |te  of  tltt  ^siiQtV 

MMM/diir. 


m 


ctlemeoti» 
■s,  will  ill 
that  great 

KttihaMja 

ding  etft- 

eded  to  his 

at  prcfcnt 

t9ihtCh€' 

ntt  of  the 

rginia,   in 

)f  the  trca- 

thc  h'ingt 

Fort  Pitt, 

'irginia."*' 

of  the  Six 

tf  and  Ot'' 


lafinef)'  and 
Bng  fwf 

[our  lands. 

ie  the  6Ai0^ 
tbetretty 
l/fcr  King 

\ren9mtbis 


^othe  gO' 
)l  tkat  or 


ief«  que- 
^tnd  hit 
[the  A^ifff 
bc4tn 
hi 


» 


m 


in  ApftNDix,  No.  I.— Bcfidci  theft  acf^'tnvffdj^enft 
by  yirginidf  the  Coftgrr/t  of  the  United  States  recog' 
nized  the  treaty  of  Fort  StanwiXt  at  a  conference  held 
at  Fort  I'ttt,  in  1775,  as  appeart  by  the  fpcech  of 
General  Morris^  and  others,  thtir  commi0ionerf,  and 
the  anfwer  of  Round  Hend^  a  chief  of  the  Six  Nations: 
In  fhort,  the  treaty  of  Fort  Stanxuix  is  unWcrfally  ac- 
knowledged, as  a  valid  and  binding  a^,  in  full  force; 
and  that  if  fct  afide,  would  produce  the  greatcA  con- 
fufion  in  many  of  the  ftatcs;  for,  by  the  ceffion  made 
at  that  time  to  the  crown,  a  bound.iry  line,  as  hay  been 
often  mentioned,  was  cftabli/hcd  between  the  Indians 
and  Americans, .  from  the  month  of  ihc  Cher^,kee  river 
to  Canada  creek,  where  it  empties  iifclf  into  Afco^crcek. 
Treaties  between  nations  ought  ©  be  held  facred  and 
inviolable.  The  general  rights  of  mankind  arc  inter- 
efVed  in  their  confcrvntion,  and  if  made,  as  the  treaty 
at  Fort  S^anivix  w;is,  to  obtain  jvjlice  for  di(\refled 
fubjedts,  and  (lop  the  effufion  of  blood,  are  to  be  con- 
fidered  among  the  grcatrfV  of  human  bleffings}  and 
confcqucntly,  there  is  the  highefl  obligation  upon  the 
Congrefs  of  the  United  States  to  fee,  without  farther 
delsT)  thatthe/«^/iV/a///^  is  ftrictly  maintained  by  the 
performance  of  the  conditions  of  this  ti'eaty.— Reafon^ 
policy  and  ju(Hce,  all  call  aloud  for  it,  as  the  Six 
Nations  would  have  an  unquellionable  right  to  the 
whole  of  their  ceflion  to  the  King,  if  thofe  parts  of  the 
%reaty,  rcipc<5king  Indiana  and  Mr.  Croghan  ktm.  not  ac- 
compHihej. — It  ii»  therdbre,  moft  confidently  hoped 
Ind  expe/^ed»  chat  C^grefs^  who  are  ths  true  guards 
anr  of  ptohlic  liberty,  juftice  and  national  honour,  will 
Vindicate  and  fWpj^rtthe  treaty  ot  Fori^tantuix,  and 
the.prtf{ierty  of  tlnfe  pfoprietort  and  'Mr*  Croghan t 
atiid'aioffet^|ie^i|ny,  as  the  Unittd  States  in  Coogrels 
a#en^bl^'ha^|j|klDnly  pledged  theaaicWct  to  all  the 
▼  T  i&habitaots 


w 


■■■>:<.■  ^ 


M 


Ml  ..t 

|"t|    ' 

[■«.       ' 


i! 


1^ ' 


mm 


I 


t^ 


:):!i 


i».' 


!•;  { 


i:  ■   ;    ' 

■Hi'  f 

a' 

1.. 

!•> 

•^     ■    ■! 

P'-i'  4 

1    /    1 

&;<•,': 

'      ■'.    '      ■                              ^ 

ilN 

.   .,,     . 

'^f'f 

1/  -. 

W.I- 

,'i  •'    1 

m\ 

BB  i 

K  i 

[    h6   ] 


i^l^abitants  of  thcfc  ftatcs,  by  declaring,  "  That  m 
**  they  art'  in  duty  bsunJ^  on  the  one  hand,  tc  prefervi 
**  inviolate  the  right i  cf  the  feveral  Jii\t:iy  fo  on  the 
*'  other,  they  "wtll always  he  careful  to  provide,  thai  thj 
*'  jnjlue  due  to  thefe  jlates,  does  not  interfere  with  tl>e 
**  juftice,  "which  may  he  due  to  individuals/*  Wlutt- 
foic  the  proprietors  of  Indiana  did,  on  the  iifh  oi 
September,  1779,  ivnd  the  30th  of  November,  1780, 
by  their  agent,  Colonel  Ceori^e  Alorgan,  prcfeni  two 
memorials  10  Congrels,  not  doubting  but  thty  lliould 
fpecdily  tiiul  the  hai^py  etKtl  of  fo  jull  and  laudabli 
a  refolution,  and  the  following  are  parts  of  thcfc  me- 
morials : 

The  memori.ilills  recited  the  caufc  of  their  grant,  and 
the  manner  of  obtaining  it  from  the  Six  Nation j,  &c. 
and  rcprcfented  among  other  things,  that  they  fouod  feme 
of  the  afls  of  the  ftare  cf  Virginia  (directing  the  f;ilc 
of  lands  to  commence  in  October  next,  for  rhe  parti- 
cular bencHi  of  that  ftate)  feem  intended  to  prevr  nt, 
and  defeat  the  interpofition  of  Congress  on  a  matter  of 
the  utmoi\  nuiional  confequence  to  all  thefe  ftates^and 
fubverfiveof  every  rule  of  juftice,  m  the  determination 
of  private  property,  for  the  following  among  other 
rea(bns :  ■'  =■:      -i-i^/'^'  '.■  ^' 4- '--■^'>.,icj^:ii'4.  ■ 

Bee aufe  they  apprehend^^^d,  tbsit  the  order  of  [the. 
privy]  councH,  whi:h  they  referred  to,  was  a  fufiici- 
ent  reparation  of  the  lands  in  queftion,  ( Appendix. 
No.  i)  from  the  jurifdiftion  of  Virginia,  which  (late* 
could  only  claim  the  fame  under  the  crown;  and  that 
if  any  doubt  could  arife  therein,  the  United  Statist  as 
fucceiTors  to  the  fovereigncy,  are  the  only  Judges ^  but 
that  Virginia  has  conditutcd  herfelf  tf  yW^^  in  hetcwn 
caufe,  and  for  her  own  emolui^ent*  and  began  to 
feize  and  fet  up  for  fale  the  property  of  the  traders,  fo 
fairly  obtained,  and  for  fo  great  a  cc»ai4ari|iQ&. 

'  ^ecaufe 


'*  That  m 
to  prefervi 
t  fo  on  the 
icy  thai  ih: 
re  -with  tls: 
Wlurt- 
le  I  I  di  oi 
ber,  I  780, 
relent  two 
hty  lliould 
i  laudable 
thefe  mc- 

grant,  ami 
tion*^  &c. 
buodiomc 
ig  the  fiilc 

fhe  paiti- 
j  prcvf  nt, 

matter  of 
(lates;.  and 
rroination 
mg  other 

r  of  ftht 
a  fufiici- 
ppcndix.  ~ 
lich  Aace  * 
and  that 
tatiSf  as 
ges}  but 
her  cwn 
begaa  to 
dcrs.  To 
o. 
Vecs^iife 


i 


[     '47    ] 

Bccaufc  the  faid  tra£t  of  land  (Indiana)  ilms  ob- 
tained for  i'o  valuable  a  confidcraiion,  and  with  every 
cifLumftancc  of  notoriety  and  authority,  that  can  give 
v.iii  Jiiy  to  any  grant,  was  afterwards  (as  being  included 
wiihin  the  bouniis  of  '/andatia)  by  an  order  of  the 
King  of  Great  Britain  in  council,  before  the  declaration 
of  the  inilcpendcncy  of  thcfe  ftates,  feparatcd  fron.  the 
dominion  (which  in  right  of  the  crown)  Virginia 
claimed  over  it,  and  noiiHcation  was  given  to  the  Six 
Nations t  &c.  that  the  faid  tra<ft  oi Vandalia  (including 
Indiana)  aforefaid,  wa«  to  be  eredled  into  a  foparatc 
governu.ent,  ;ndcr  the  fovercignty  of  the  faid  King  j 
and  therefore  the  memorialifts  obferved:— That  tht  y  are 
advifed,  the  faid  traft  of  country  cannot  now  remain 
fubjeft  to  the  jurifdic^ion  of  Virginiay  or  of  any  par- 
ticular Hate,  but  of  the  l/nited  States  in  Congrcfs  af- 
fembled,   in  whom  the  fovereignty  is  now  vcftcd. 

And  becaufe  the  pniceedings  of  Virginia  fcem  calcu- 
lated to  invalidate  a  fulemn  treaty  made  with  indcpen- 
dant  nations,  and  by  all  thofe  ftates  approved,  &c. 
and  it  is  hoped,  the  wi/dom-,  policy  and  ju/iice  of  thcfe 
^Ites  will  never  (wf^cr  fuch  afpeclacle  to  be  exhibited  to 
the  ivQridf  as  **   a  Hfathen  People  seeking  to 

**    DO  A  DELIBERATEAIID  SOLEMN  ACT  OF  JUSTICE 

**  WHILE  A  Christian  State  strives  to  pre- 
"  vent  them." — Nor  let  it  (fuSjoin  the  memoria- 
iifts)  once  be  made  a  queftion,  whether  fovereign  and 
free  nations  of  Indians  may  not  recompe nee  an  injury 
or  fatisfy  a  debt  by  a  fale  of  part  of  ;heir  own  lands, 
but  that  the  debt  and  injury  are  both  to  be  raifed  up 
againfc  them  at  a  future  day. 

And  lai^ly,  the  mc.nonaliftt  prayed,  that  the  Ho- 
norable Congrefs  wovid  appoint  a  day  for  hearing  the 
parties  interefted,  th«.t  fo  the  quefttoa  o£  right  might 

be 


;■ 


^l'M»  !     '^I 


\m  ii 


' ,/  !i 


C     14^     ] 

be  fully  explained  and  confidered,  and  an  impartial 
aod  i\iO  iktciniiniuion  h.id  in  the  picinifcs. 

7hij  is  wh.it  till'  i*jopiiciors  of  Ituiiufui  are  now  mod 
anxioiilly  w.iiting  for,  and  that  the  ft  ttc  of  I'irjiinia 
votild  come  k)rih,  and  flicw  publicly  uhut  foil  of  title 
it  pretends  to  claim  under. 

In  line,  tluy  only  wirti  and  reqiuH,  that  the  fovc- 
rcign  power  of  the  L'nifrJ  Siiitis  uou'.d,  without  fur- 
ther delay,  ailopt  and  cxcrcifc  that  excellent  and  cum- 
prclunlivc  alTuiancc  to  the  people,  *'  NiJli  ni-galHT>u:s, 
*'aUT     DIIFLREMUS     RtC  T  U  M    A  U  r   J  U  S  1  ICl  A  M  " 


'l':i 


h 


N 


A  P  P  E  N- 


^r^ 


I  impartial 

•  now  mofl 
)f  ri/j^mia 
bri  ot"  title 

t  tlic  lovc- 
thtmi  fur- 

t  and  com- 
ncgabiTnuSf 
il  ICIAM  " 


EN- 


A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X,    No.  I. 


WIIILK  the  matter^    (mcntiouccl  in  pages  i.ji, 
1^12,    143,    i-}-|)  wolf  rr;uii',icliiiii  ill  /'/r^;'//,/,;, 
;i   comj)any   w:is  formed  in  I.onJcny   cotifilUi);.'  of  ni.iiiy 
gcnilcmcii,  icliding  both  in  EnyJanJ^  ami  Jmrri,  .ly  for 
ihc  purpofc  of  cndiavouring  to    buy  fioni     ilu    A/'.i,', 
p.irt  of    ihc  lands    ccdcil  to    him,    by  ihi-    trcary,   aiul 
dfcd    of    / :  /  /    Sfiitniix^    and     tiie    honorabk    Th:,nuis 
Walpclct     Do<!lor    Ih  ujjniin    h'r.v.Ui  ty    and     Mi.llicurs 
John    Serocanty    and  S.iviuil  li  i\irt'Hy   w^-vc  <ij>pointcd 
a  commitioc  to  maiiai;j   thcis-    appiicaiian.--  -In    Ii'.nc 
1769,   Thcfc     gentlemen    prtlcntv-d  a     jxliti;)n    to  his 
Jhitannu  Majclly  for  tlu*  pure  hale  of  two  Milliors  and 
four  Hundred  Thoufand  atics  of  thefe  l.inds,  and  tlicir 
petition  being  referred  by  tlic    A'/'V;  in  council   to  the 
Earl  of  Hil.'/lcrout'h   and  the  other  loru>  toinmiiliiners 
for  trade  and  plantations,    Mr.  H'^olr  and  his  ailoci- 
atcs    attended     their    lordiliips,    m    Dercmber     1769, 
when  the  Earl  of  HiliJIoroughy   recomr  .  n.'.-il  to  them 
to  contracSt,   if  pofliblc,  with  ihc  lords  ot  the  trcafiiry, 
for  fuch    part  of  the    purchafc  from  the  Six  Nati'^ns^ 
lying  on  the  river  Ohioy   as  would  be  futlicicnt  in  extent 
to  form  a  feparate  government  upon.  The  Earl  of  ti  "f- 
boroughy   offered  to  ^,0  immediately  to  the  treafury,  and 
know    their  lordfhip's  opinion    upon  the  lubjcc^t,   ^.nd 
the  petitioners  exprclfing  their  approbation,   his  lore' 
Ihip  went,  and  reported,  that  the  lords  of  the  treafury, 

would  be  glad  to  receive  the  gentlemen's  propofals. 

Accordingly,   on  the  4th  of  January  1770,   a  memo- 
rial was  prefented,   propofing  to  buy  from   the  King, 
rhc  ira^  of  land  hereafter  dcfcribed,  and  to  pay  the 
^  fum 


V 


r 


I, 

t 


.,1; 


-.  w 


'VC 


,1*  !"'•- 


I  ' 


I 

i 


m 

I"  ! 


•J  • 
I  ■ 

M 
>['.■ . 

'V.J 


If       ' 


I  ,   ' 


U 


jftf^ 


^ 


I  CO 


APPENDIX,    No.  r. 


fum  of  /  10460:  7/:  3</.  ftfrlini;,  and  a  quit  r^nt  ot 
two    Shillings  like  money  for  every  hundred    iicn  s  of 

cultivable  land  within  iht   faid  tract; The  quit  rent 

rot  to   commence  'till   aher  the  expiration  of  twenty 

years Their   lordlhips  took  into  confideration    tlic 

memorial  and  paper,  containini;  a  tlefcription  of  the 
lands  applied  for,  nnd  unaniinoutly  agreed  tr^  accept  the 
price,   and  quit  rent  oftcrcd. 

On  the  8th  of  May    1770,    Mr.    WalpoU   and  his  af- 
fociates,    prefentt-'J  a  petition  t(^  King  in  council,  pray- 
ing that  a  grant  for  the  lands  mij;ht  he  ni  i>Ii    to  iluni.-- 
On  the  25th  of  the  fame  Month,  the  lords  t  r  the  con»- 
mtttee  of   council    referred  this  petition  to  the    lords 
comudflioners  for  trade   and  plantations,    and    on  tlic 
I  5th  of  July  following,   the  Karl  of  Hil/JIorcuc^h  deili  ed 
the  attendance  of  Mcflrs     Walpo/r,   Frank/in^   Sar^ml 
^nd  fyharten   at  the   board  of  trade,   when  he  informed 
them,   that  as  there  were,    perhaps,   fome  lettlers  from 
Virg'nia  fcated  on  part  of  the  tra«it  under  conlideraiion, 
he  was  of  opinitm,  that  that  colony  Ihould  be  acquain- 
ted ivith  the  conttiicl  made  with  the  treafury,  and  there- 
fore the  report  o^  the  Lords  of  Trade  would  be  delayed 
only  until  it  was   known,   whether   Virginia    had    any 
thing  to  fay  upon  the  fubjcclj   but,   in  the  jnean  time, 
he  had  the  King's  cxprefs  commands  to  repeat^   in  the 
flrongeft  manner,   his  Majcfty's  former  orders,  forbid- 
ding the  governor  of  Virginia  to  pafs  warrants  for^  or 
fuffer  any  furveys  or  fettlementi    to  he  made  over  the 
Allegany  Mountain^   and  efpecially    on  any  of  the  lands ^ 
luhich  the  company  had  cont  railed  for. 

On  the  25th  of  February,  1771,  Mr,  IValpcle  w^i'i 
informed  by  a  note  from  the  T.cul  o(  Hil/Jhoroiighf  that 
he  had  direftcd  copies  to  be  madcs  and  fent  him,  of 
fuch  parts  of  the  letter  he  had  received  froni  Virginia, 
as  related  to  his  and  his  affociatcs  application  forlandi> 

on 


ff 


.  I. 


APPENDIX,     No.  I 


Isl 


mt  r^nt  of 
d  acrt  1  ot 
:   quit  iciu 

of  twenty 
ration  the 
ion   of  the 

accept  the 

and  his  af- 

,ncii,  jnay- 

to  ilu  ni.-- 

;r  the  coni- 

thc    U)ids 

ind    on  tl»c" 

urh  dciircd 

w,   Siiriin}t 

c  infornud 

•iilers  from 

klidcration, 

c  acquain- 

aiul  there- 

3C  delayed 

had    any 

tiean  lime, 

Hi  J   in  the 

s,  forbid- 

ts  for,  or 

»  ov^r   thr 

the  lands,   i 

allele  was 
ugh,  that 
him,   of 
Virginia, 
for  landi> 
on 


on  the  Ohio,  andhislordihipobfc.vtd,  heOiouldbcviTy 
^lad  to  cotu  ur'xu  reporting  upon  that  application,  asfoon 
as  a  full  board  of  trade  could  be  had.  The  letter  hire 
alluded  to,  was  from  the  Hcnourable  Mi.  Nclfon, 
fnfdcnt  of  his  Majedy's  council  o(  Virginia,  and  da- 
ted the  I  8ih  of  0»ilober  i  770,  ihc pnfiJtnt  wrote. 

that  on  the  evening  ot  that  day,    hib  lordlhip's  letter  of 
the  iothofjuly  to  the  governor,  was  dclivcredto  him;-- 
And    as  it    contained  matter  of  great   variety  and  im- 
portance,  it  hadifecn  read  in  council,  and  toi^ether  wiih 
I'je    leveral    papers   incloled  in  it.    had  been    maturely 
conlidered,    and  that  *'    he  then    troubled  his  lordlhip 
**   with  their,   i.s  well  as  his    own  opmion   on  tiie  fub- 
•'   je(fk   of   them." — He    acknowledged  the   propriety, 
and  juliice  ot  his  lordfl\ip,   and  my  lords    comndflion- 
crs  of  the  treafury,    in  delaying  to  report  in  favour    of 
Mr.   /r<?//oA',   and  his  alloclates  for  a  grant   of  land^, 
ON  THF.  BACK  OF  VIRGINIA,  Until  thc  country  fhould 
be  made  ac<|uaiiJted  with  it,   and  their  reafcus,    ifihey 
had  any,    in    obje^Ttion    ihould  be  beared.  — \]^  then 
mentioned  tiie  ati'air  of  thc  \McOhio  company,    gover- 
nor Dunwiddie^s    proclamation,   and   promife    ot    two 
Hundred  thoufand  acres  of  land  to  the  officers  and  fol- 
diers  ot  Virginia,  who  had  ferved  in  the  former  war 
between  France  and  England,   and  fuppofed,    that   the 
fame  quantity  would  be  allowed  to  all  the  other  officers 
and  foidiers  upon  the  continent.- -He  alfo  obferved,  be' 
fides  thefe,   we  have  been  told,  l(tho'  we  have    not  had. 
an  authentic  copy  of  the  treaty  at  Tort  Stanwix,)   that 
the  Indians  made  it  an  exprefs  condition  in  thc  deed  of 
eejjion  to  his  Majejly,   that  a  quantify  of  land  Ihould  be 
granted  to  Colonel  Croghan  and  to   thc  traders,   .as  a  re- 
compence  to  them  for  the  injuries,    and  damages  fu- 

ftained  from  the  Indians. Theie  he  faid  were  to  thc 

northwards :""-Ai\d  at  the  Cmuc  tune  remarked,    that 

"  la 


• 


I'!'.'     ' 


\     ! 


rv 


■»' 


I'  ' 

rill, 
iii' 


'J  -:. 


t 


\  I: 


K 


i 


li:i  II, .:■■>.] 


I  ■:'( 


'■f. 


)>'* 


* 


152        APPENDIX,     No.  1, 


I' 


In  all  the  cth^r  grants,    1  do  not  lind,   that  any  ftepi 
have    been    taken,   tow.inU   lurveying     and    fctting 

**   ihtm-, of  couric,   t/uy  arc,  or  will  buome  lafftd, 

**  except  in  the  two  to  Jjhn  Li'-dis  for  800,000  acres 
*'  called  the  lov.il  comfuuy  and  to  James  Fatten  and 
*'   others  for  100,000  acres."*-  — 

On  thefe  lands,  the  prdident  remarked,  **  there 
arc  ir.iny  hundred  families  fettled.  The  late  war, 
and  the  prchibition  by  picilamation,  have  bem  the 
rallies,  th;it  iliill*  la. ids  have  not  been  n)orc  fully 
pcopLd,  uh.ili  1  li.i\ J  rc.ilon  to  think,  will  be  cf- 
f.>:ted/c5//  cj/Wr  h-.i.u  1.,  t;i  VFN  tc  (fnii:t  /^atents  for 
fuch  parts  >is  r.re  firlnL  Thefe  one  million  fcvcn 
huiidred  thoulaud  at  r^  s,  which  I  have  taken  notice 
of  in  <i//,"  (the  tjuintiiy  the  prefident  and  council 
apprehended,  the  above  mentioned  ^^rants  to  the  GUI 
Ohio  CcJiipafiy,  t/.r  Ojrters,  Colonel  Cro^^hjVy  the  trjj- 
ersy  &c.  would  amount  to  --"  I  sl  ppose  will  take 
r L .A  c E  or  \  1. 1.  N  r.  w  a  n  v  r  n  t  u  R  r.  R  s.— We  do  not 
prej^mc  to  fay,  to  whom  our  gracious  Sovereign 
ihall  grant  11  is  vacant  lands;  nor  do  1  fet  my- 
felf  up  as  :l\\  opponent  to  Mr.  H'a/j>o!e  and  his  aflb- 


(( 
<( 

€f 
it 
«i 


(t 

it 
i( 
(( 


«{ 


ciates. 


•  nefore  the  prcftJcnt  of  the  corncil  wrote  the  above  letter  to  the  Earl 
vf  H:>l//'/ro  !<(!).  he  iW-WicA  John  B!.!:r,  jun.  F.l'q;  clerk  of  tlie  council,  to 
report  to  liim  the  fttuatiun  of  all  orders  of  council  for  lands;  and  the  fol- 
low in^-  is  thr  report  maile  by  him  w  the  prcfilcnt : 

♦•  in  olictlicnce  to  the  commands  of  His  Honor  the  Prefident,  I  have 
••  ex.imintd  the  council  journals,  and  tind,  that  bo ^rj'/Z  has  been  made 
"  to  any  pcrfoii  whatever,  fince  the  faid  lath  of  February,  1755,  nor  even 
••  lincetheayth  of  Auguil,  1754,  of  .1  larger  quantity  of  land  lying  to  the 
*'  weRward  of  tl>c  laid  mountuin>,  than  1  o'!0  acres;  andbut  fev  jfranti  at 
'•  altcfani  cf  thofe  Lauds,  as  vwill  more  particularly  appear  by  the  /brn{i;wjj 
•'  Llji  of  fill  the  grants  or  ordtrsof  council,  uhich  have  pafled,  located  as 
"  above  mentioned."  [See  the  addref*  of  the  Houfe  of  BuigeiTesof  Tjr- 
gin.?,  &:c.  in  p  pc  toy]  "  And  I  alio  find,  that  no  grants  of  thofe  lands 
•«  ill  any  c(iiantily  whatever,  have  been  made  fince  the  7th  of  Ortober, 
'«  17'».1,  being  the  date  of  Xhe  royttl  frocUvuition  forblMn^  tht featiiig  of 
♦'  tii:tt  country,  btit  that  the  petition  of  the  Loyal  Company  for  a  rtnnval 
*'  of  t'*.  ii-  grunt  of  8co,cx»  aiin  wm  lejcBed  in  1^63,  as  being  conlti^ry  to 
•*  the  royal  inflruftion*,  rclptctmg  the  quantity  to  he  granted  toanv  cne 
"  perlbu.  JOHN  BLAIR,  Jun.  Cl.  Coun." 


-  -A 


0.    1. 

Kit  any  ftcps 
ind  fcftting 
come  fii/'ft'ii, 
0,000  acres 
Fatten  and 

d,    "  there 

[ic  late  war, 

kc  been   the 

inoic  fully 

will  be  cf- 

^nttiits  for 

llioii    fcvcn 

akcn  notice 

ukI  council 

to   the  Old 

iy   the  trad" 

'ILL  TAKE 

•Wc  do  not 

Sovereign 

o  I  fet  my- 

d  his  alToo 


«t 


cutes. 


cr  to  the  Earl 
he  council,  to 
i  and  the  fo)- 

fident,  I  have 
las  been  made 
755.  "or  *"'"cn 
id  lying  to  the 
feti'  j^ranti  at 

\.\\Q  for  eyeing 
ed,  located  us 
grffes  of  Hr- 
f  thofe  lands 

of  Oftober, 
tht /eating  of 
Ifor  a  reiiett'al 

f  conlti^ri  to 
d  toanv  cnr 

Coun." 


«< 


fi 


(I 


fc 


<i 


APPENDIX,    No.  I.         ijj 

*'  elates.  All  that  I  can,  confiilently  with  my  duty, 
**  hope  for,  is,  that  all  prior  rights,  whether  equitable 
**  or  legal,  may  be  prcfervcd  and  protected. **  The 
prefidcnt  further  mentioned,  **  That  with  refpc^  to  the 
**  eftabliflinicnt  of  a  new  colony  on  the  back  oi- 
ViuciNiA,  it  is  a  fubje^  of  too  great  political  im- 
portance for  mc  to  pixfumc  to  give  an  opinion  upon. 
— However  permit  me,  my  Lord,  to  obferve,  that 
when  that  part  of  the  country  Ihall  become  fuffici- 
cnily  populated,  it  may  be  a  wife  and  prudent 
"   mcafure." 

On  the  firft  of  July,  1772,  the  Lords  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Council  reprefenied  to  the  King^  that  it  wa§ 
their  opinion  "a  grant  (hould  be  made  to  Mr.  IValpoie 
and  his  ailbci.ttcsi  and  on  the  14th  of  Auguf^,  the 
King  approved  ihereoit  and  ordered  the  Lords  of  Trade 
to  report  to  him  in  Council,  if  any,  and  whaig^eriys  of 
fcttlement  and  cultivation,  and  what  reftricllons  and 
refcrvations  were  necclFary  to  be  inferted  in  the  gr^nc  , 
to  thcfe  gentlemen^  excluiive  of  the  money  agreed  to 
be  paid  by  them,  as  a  confideratioa  for  the  tra^^  of 
land  in  qucftion,  with  a  claufe  10  fave  and  prcfervs  to 
the  refpe^ive  occupiers,  all  prior  claims  withid  its  li- 
mits, whether  derived  under  equitable  or  legal  titles : 
And  alfo  to  prepare  a  plan  for  eiVablilhing  a  nrtv  go- 
vernment on  the  faid  lands,  together  with  an  edimate 
of  the  expence,  and  the  ways  and  means  by  which  the 
fame  fhould  be  defrayed  by  Mr.  Walpole  and  his  afToci- 
ates.  The  fame  day  the  King  in  Council^  by  a  further 
order,  g^Ve  the  necedary  direOions  to  the  Lords  Com- 
miflioners  fOr  trade  and  plantations,  for  carrying  the 
above  into  execution ;  and  that  the  Earl  oi  Dartmouth 
ihoxild  dire^  his  Majefty's  Superintendadt  for  Indian 
alffairs,  to  aplprize  the  Chiefs  of  the  Six  Nations  and 
their  Goiifcdefates,  of  his  Majeily's  intentions  to  form 

U  aftttlc- 


1  j 


*t  i. 


,  t 


ir 


m 

117..  •■' 


h  'I 

ir'f'    '.'• 


V'l 


.I'l-' 


^^ 


rn 


iir; 


u.: 


|j:,; 


)  ; 


IH:.^- 


«■ 


i 

■  '■■< 


154        APPENDIX,    No.  I.  '^> 

a  fettlcmcQt  upon  the  lands,  which  he  pur  chafed  of  them 
\  in  1768.  Accordingly  the  ZayX  oi Dartmouth  itm  in- 
ftruftions  to  Sir  IVilliam  Johnfon^  the  Superintcndant 
for  Indian  aniirs;  and  in  obedience  thereto,  the  Six 
Nations  were  inloriTicd,  and  much  approved  of  the 
fettlcment;  and  the  Deputy  /l^ctit  reTulingon  the  river 
OhiOf  in  conformity  to  the  orders  given  him,  did,  on 
the  3d  of  April,  1773,  aflembic  the  Chiefs  of  the 
Wefleru  Tribes  at  Scioto^  and  in  the  King's  name  mftde 
the  fame  communication  to  them,  as  Sir  IVilliam  John^ 
fan  had  done  to  the  Northern  Nations ;  with  which 
they  alfo  exprciTcd  their  hearty  approbation,  and  deiir- 
cd  the  King  might  be  aifured,  it  would  give  them  the 
higked  fatisfaiiftion  to  take  the  perfon  appointed  to  go- 
vern them,  by  the  hand,  and  afford  him  all  the  affift- 
an^in^dr  powerl 

^wr  6th  of  May,  1773,  the  Earl  of  Diir/m^^wM, 
and  the  other  Lords  of  Trade,  reported  to  the  King, 
that  18  the  meafures,  which  his  MajeOy  had  been 
pleaTed  to  adopt,  In  regard  to  his  poAcffionsr  on  the 
Ohio^  liad,  they  fuppofed,  been  principally  fdunided  on 
thelaecefiity  there  if  aft  of  introducing  fome  regular 
f<|rm  oiF  goyc^nment  in  a  country  incfipei^}$  of  |p>artici- 
patlng  the  advaotagei  arifing  iBrom  the  duril  inOiti^tfon 
pi  VirginUy^iyhiA  ma<le  tiut  the  fi^^^pbjea  of 
their  attention  1^  and  atcordingly  Yuhibllked  the  JForin 
and  conftitiitioo  ^ilff  nt^  *;*^f  which  they  named 
VamUHdf  loWi  iii^cftf;  And  attM  famcltW 
the  fame  r^ftSi-^they  oKeWc^^  pnrfuant  to 

hit  j^^t^^^fm  <^  9?!^^"^^^  ^^  '4th^(|ay  of  Au- 
f iSft,  tipt^^jiaaith^  an^  fuc|  part  o(  ^j^d  in- 
jcktiaivi^^kfiuv  f flA»JBy*  as  is  hcrcW  al^iEue$i<Mijtd« 
"^    gl^inted^^l^e  Honorable  tkmLi  Wa^^^Miiftl 

Uodii  iai^blded  li'itma  thr  lfoll|wjb9g  Uife^^tix.— 


'f 


iliniiig 


,^>..^^V,r- 


m 


v...^ 


).  I.    * 

afci  of  them 
9Uth  fent  in- 
lerintcndant 
to,  the  Six 
ved  of  the 
^n  the  river 
m,  did,  on 
icfs  of  the 
name  m&de 
illiam  John' 
with  which 
I,  and  dciir- 
ve  them  the 
inted  to  go- 
ill  the  affift. 

Dartmouth, 

I  the  King, 

had   been 

ions r  on  the 

bunded  oo 

me  regular 

of  partici- 

inditi^tion 

P^jc^  of 

the  fQfin 

y  named 

f  and  In 

rfuant  to 

ayof  Au- 
id  f'li- 

fiy,  ail 


..APPENDIX,    No.  I. 


'55 


1 


'*  negtnning  at  the  fouth  iidc  of  the  river  OhiOf  oppo- 
Hteto  the  mouth  of  SciotOf  then  foutherly  through  the 
pafs  of  die  OuiiJI'icto  Mountains,  to  the  fouth  fiUc  of  the 
faid  Mountains^  thence  along  the  fide  of  the  laid 
Mountains  north  cafUrly  to  the  fork  the  Great  K*n» 
hawCf  made  by  the  jun«ition  of  Green  ^riJ^  /vit/^rand 
New  Rivi'r,  thence  aloi»g  th'j  laid  Green  Briar  Rivet, 
on  the  caderly  Tide  of  the  (tme,  umo  tiie  head  or  ter> 
mination  of  the  north  eailcriy  branch  thereof  j  thence 
ealtcrly  to  the  Allegany  Mountains,  thence  along  the 
faid  Allegany  Mountains  to  Lord  Fairfaxes  line;  thence 
along  the  fame  to  the  fpring  head  of  the  north  branch 
of  the  river  Potomack:  thence  along  the  weftern  boun- 
dary line  of  the  province  of  Maryland^  to  the  fouthcrn 
boundai'y  line  of  the  province  of  Pennfylvania;  thence 
along  the  faid  boundary  line  of  the  prov  ince  of  PennfjU 
vani a  to  the  end  thereof;  thence  along  the  weftern 
boundary  line  of  the  faid  province  of  Pentjfylvania^  un- 
til the  fame  ili.ill  llrikc  ilie  river  Ohio,  thence  downth^ 
faid  river  Obio^  to  the  place  of  beginning*  — 

*y  That  the  grant  ihoula  be  made  on, the  following 
conditions  and  refervations,  that  is  to  fay  \ 

*<  That  the  grantees  (hould,  upon  the  day  of  the 
4ate  of  the  grant,  pay  into  the  receipt  of  hia  faid  Ma» 
jeflf't  exchequer,  the  fum  of  Ten  thonfand  foun^  |iun- 
dvedandiiiiypoundf^^fciven  iluUings  and  thfit^  peiMe, 
fur/uant  to  tht  agremfnt  made  with  his  Majeftft  /r^- 
fury,  on  the ^ik  cf  January,  IT -JQ^ 

!*,  TMt-all.'^rtor  claims  tathe  faid  I^n4^  within  the 
limits  <if  the  (aid  gradt,  whether  derive^ndir  equita- 
bUt  'JtVilegal  titles,  ibould  b^  faved  and  referVed^tp  the 
rcfp^ve.  occupiers  and  poffefors,  with  the  jexception 
hv^ev$r  to  <  H  occ$tp4ncf  \^ ythat  na^ure,j»r  l^tfji^hat* 
fnvcr^^Mfii^  .*r  wmde  fu^fiqwut  to  the  ^Kf^^^fir 
the  furchafe  of  thf  fAid  grant  made  wiiUfhe/^d*  of 
tU  TrcftfurirfM  th$  4ti  ^  January,  1770,  by  Mefiri. 

Walpotr^ 


W 

f 


hi 


ll 


;K 


i\ 


IfMl' 


r'. 


i. 


ii    .:    i      I 


:  Si's 


WW' 


HI 


',: 


i'.!';:li 


»i  1  ■ '  .  ■  ■ 
'vl    ''''' 


1 


H 


ii«tfv 


• 


i 

I 


^  * 


156        APPENDIX,    No.  I. 

l^all^ole^  M'^harfortt  Sargent  and  FranhUn^  on  behalf  of 
themfeivet  and  their  aflbciatcs}  and  provided  alfo,  that 
the  gram  of  200,000  wes  to  be  mace  to  the  ofliccri 
of  the  regiment  raifed  mk  paid  bj  the  colony  of  Virgi- 
nia in  175^  in  confcquence  of  the  engagement  made  to 
t)iem,  be  located  i»  ttti  contiguous  traft.***^"**  But  the 
Lordt  CommiffioneM  foi^ade  and  plantations,  hum* 
My  craved  Imvc  to  repretent  to  his  llajcfty,  that  they 
had  omitted  any  reftriAion  vpon  the  prpprutors,  from 
fettling  to  the  w</?  of  the  tine  agreed  upon  in  O^ber, 
1770,— -that  reftriAion  having,  at  they  conceived,  be- 
come altogether  unneceiTarj.  The  4iftriA  refirved  to 
hit  Uajffty  being  far  dillaot  from  any  fetilement,— 
ihould  be  bounded  cmi  theynrfil*  tuejt  bf  the  river  Lomijk 
or  C4imi>kn  Hhur^  wliich  ia  very  fir  veji  of  the  utmoft 
tmmt  #  ty  ttOltktigrmNi  h  prtfrkfy^'^  « 

60  the  ;ytli  day  of  May»  ft73>  ^^  Briiamic  Mt-r 
jefty,  by  at)  orfkr  in  Council  of  that  day,  refciwd  the 
jpfiiwding  report  of  tile  £a^  cif  Darfmftfli^,  aiMl  the  o- 
cbqr  ioTflt  9f  Trade,  to  the  Lords  of  tlic  CoHttca. 
!;  diklS^  3d  day  of  July,  1773,  thdp  Urdiiipa  oi 
thc^ldta^cil,  by  ^  order  under  the  MffM^^  4ircaed 
W)i^iNe(hr'<  Attorney  tod  S(4ici|«r%aelitfk  ^ate 
fMkiwrdir  theait#|irejpm»  MMNtey  Mbvi  ttlpa,  a 
pi0)^  HittniiiMot  uf^$i0kt  tnOh^l^  <^!^'^  '  *f 


afbirefaid.  Mriingjm 


fanhrtlf 


f^- 


4o.  I. 

on  behalf  of 
decl  alfo,  that 

vfhc  officers 
ony  of  Virgi- 
mem  made  to 
'-."  But  the 
■tionsy  hum* 
IVy,  that  they 
rittors,  from 
D  in  October, 
onceived^i  be* 
ft  njfrvtd  ta 
rettlement}— « 
le  river  LtmifA 
of  the  utmoii 

Britamic  Mt^ 
refciwid  the 
tiid  the  o« 
dMMca. 

^dirc^ed 

ltef« 


M 


^-    A  P  P  E  N  D  I  5C,     No.  i:-        157 

At  THi:  Council  Chamber,  Whitehall, 
the  28th  day  of  O^obcr,  1773, 
By  THE  Right  Honorable  the  Lords  Commit- 
tee oi>  Council  for  Plantation  Affairs. 
Wii  LKE AS  there  was  this  day  laid  before  their Lord- 
ihips,  u  report  from  his  Majel\y*s  Attorney  and  Soli- 
citor General,  upon  taking  into  conHderation  an  order 
uf  this  Committee,  bearing  date  the  3d  of  July  lad, 
whereby  they  were  directed  to  prepan  a  draught  of  r 
proper  infbroment  to  be  pafled  under  the  Great  Seal 
of  Creat  Briiain,  coutaining  a  grant  to  the  Honorable 
Thomas  fValpolf^  Efi)}  and  others  his  aiTocMUes,  ofcer* 
tain  lands  00  the  river  Oii#,  in  North  America^  inftrt* 
ing  in  the  faid  drRught,  tht  conditi§ns  and  rtftrvathns 
fropofed  in  a  rtput  ff  th<  Lords  CommiJ/toners  for  trade 
and piantstiontfhaLTingliaiU  the  6th  of  May,  lyyjt  r 
copy  whereof  was  aanexed  to  the  (aid  order.«**lQ 
which  report  of  hit  M«jeily^  faid.  Atfoncf  |i^^^lSotici« 
I  tor  GenerRl,  it  i^^vm^  ^»^tt«d,  iluit  iKtf'fniitiqf 
the  faid  l«nds  io  joiiit*t«oAncf»  wiU  inrobtyy  ccndci^  h 
iqipoiRblt  (otDRk^Rny  vHdergnuiu  wkh  caflipleic  tidip: 
ThRt  the  deibri|>;Voii  of  th*  Thiog  to  begnMit«d»  iiJVadk 
more  loofc  mA  ^txtr^Hn^  ArOt  ^irOi'  liaeii  utmi:  i% 
H^al  frcisi^vQr  ihRii  iMtk  been  prRftUed*  toui^ 
they  laicvir,  lii  ilRy  hue  j^  grants  whkh  weic  mctfc; 
for  the  ere^Hwr^il  coi^pit^j  Io  t&f  firft  jdvoomrertm' 
Amnh^i  ^Mt  a  w^''wtB^ tmhnowti s >  Rod  ^loherf 
thRt  «h9  9»^Hf|itB  wffl  tM  be  fo  iweU  iccored  to  hif 

The  £«nir  V«M  Coinirfittf  tUi^  iii#»^YRpd  k* 

fUfft  Wii»  f  OiiderRtiotti  u4  Rre  hcloby  pl««^  ro 

•iPMNi*  i^airliiB  liR}«%\i  Amm909*»kmi^  Oe« 

Iptiyi^iii  pfiffmn ^md  Uu^  k^t  this  Ciw^igk^^^ 


1  ,*«v* 


■ii\.- 


•n4 


-*.^ 


-'.•«♦• 


#' 


ijS        APPENDIX,     No.  I. 


(    » 


fl 


it 


V:>1 


M 


Great  Seal  of  Great  /?ri/<ii//,   containing  .;  gr^nt  x.o  thi- 

HonornhU  Thotn.u  lVa//>oIi',    Sumucl  U  hart^jii^    lii'njdnun 

Frnnklin  and  John  Stirgrnt,   Kjifn,   and  their  heirs  and 

afligni,  of  the  lands   prayed  tor    by    their    memorial; 

fthey  being  the  ferfom  whot    '"  hrhalj  (>f  ihcm/ehcs  and   f 

thiir  a^ociittei,   Cohtv^kqwa^  for  the  /aid  Undst   -with 

the  Lords  Commijfioners  of  his  Miijt'/ly^s  trcajtiry)  vifirt- 

ing  in  the  faid  dr.night  the  conditions  and  rcfervations 

propofed  in  the  faid  report  of  the  Lords  Commiflioners 

for  trade  and  plantations,  dated  the  6th  of  May,  177^, 

excepting  that  part  of  the  laid  report,  which  propofes, 

that  the  grantees  do  pay  the  unit  rents  to  his  Mnjcfty, 

his   heirs  and   fncceflbrsj   and  in  refpc«ft  thereof,   the 

Lords  of  the  Committee  arc  hereby  p'eafed  to  order, 

that    the   faid  quit   rents    be  rcferved  from  ti.e  lands ^ 

which  (hall  be  leafed,   fold,  dcmifed,  planted   or  f^t 

tied)  whether  the  faid  lands  be  fettled  and  planted  by 

iiuc  f::i'*   orantecs  tl»enifelves,   or  by  their  heirs  01  jf- 

figns,  or  under  tenants^  the  faid  payment  of  the  ^rit- 

l«nts  not  to  commence  until  the  expiration  oS  twenty 

years  after  fuch  leafing,  demUing,  planting  or  fettling 

refpe^ively.     Anc!.    for  the  better  afccrtalning  the 

boufidt  lof  the  faid  traA  of  land  to  be  granted  as  aforc- 

faidi  their  Lordihips  are  hereby  plcafed  tp  iranfmit  the 

map  *  of  the  tra£l  of  land  prayed  for  by  the  nMoaeriAliiis 

tfndf  TO  ORDER,  th^i  his  Mmpjfjfi  Attorwy  4iti4  S^Uci- 

tor  Gtn^rai  do  insert  /jUr  %aatruUJiit  tkMjamt  mamtir 

ms  thf  4re  de/crihd  Mtke^rteutud  tu  t&t,/aid  report     ^^ 

ff  iht  hord^  Commiffidfurs  for  trtuk'^md  fkmtations^i*  ^ 

dR»eid  iha  6th  of  Mayi  4  77^,  Ij^ 

VrBili^  the^  (btenmaod  iiliccittr>ineRfiwf f  wconr  tali<%ll*'^ 

ing  In  Ugknir  Oic  S§fti©f  .'i>fli«i^^  rf«  ^ 


L 

r 
tj 
1 
hi 
I 

▼4 

k 


:  *  The  miif  b«f«  ttentionc4»ii  anneM^,  to  the  oidcr  tNiiclilIn ' 
iinOcr  tbt  grmtfnl  tbcMof,  oaim  \^  PhUadclphia. 


Ull' 


■42v^ 


^O.    I. 

;  grcxnt  to  the 
5</,    lii'njtiniin 
icir  hi'irs  and 
ir    memorial  i 
hcinfehfs  and 
«/  lands t   with 
ajury )  in/trt' 
J  n'/ervationt 
^o  nun  ifl  loners 
f  May,  177.^, 
liiii  ptopofcs, 
D  his  MajL-fty, 
:  thereof,   the 
ilcJ  to  order, 
'•oin  tl.e  lands t 
anted   or  f^t- 
nd  planted  by 
ir  heirs  or  jf- 
it  of  the  4Mt    , 
ion  oi  twenty 
ng  or  fettling 
ertalnmg  the 
itedas  afore- 
urtnTmit  tke 
in«mbri»lifts 
tnd  Sokci- 
fism^  mAtmtr 
\/did  report^ 


^ 


APPENDIX.     No.  ! 


59 


fcvcral  orders  of  Council  for  lands,  to  the  wcftward  of 
tht'  AlUgany  IMountaiHi  and  uponarcprcfcntation  there- 
1/  luhig  made  to  the  E.i. I  of  Dartmouth^  Secretary  of 
Statc/(>r  .4meriia^  his  Lordfhip,  by  the  King*s  cxivrefs 
conitTtand,   wrote  to  Loid  r>unmc/rey  as  follows: 

««   imtehall,  O^ober  the  5ih,   1774. 
"   My  Lord, 

"AS  your  Lordfhip  fays,  th:»t  you  was  intircly  ig- 
norant of  till-  claim  of  Mr.  IValioU  and  his  .liTociates, 
othcrwlfc  than  by  common  report,  I  think  fit  to  inclofe 
your  Lordfhip  a  copy  of  Lord  HillJhorough*s  letter  to 
Lovd  Botetourtt  of  the  ^i(i  of  J[|ily,  1770,  the  re- 
ceipt of  which  was  acknowledged  by  Mr.  Prefident 
Nelfont  a  few  days  after  Lord  Bctetourt*s  death,  and 
appears  by  his  ?.nfwcr  to  it,  to  have  been  laid  before  the 
Council.  That  board  therefore,  could  not  be  igno- 
rant of  what  had  pafTcd  here  on  Mr.  IValpoh^s  applica- 
tion! nor  of  the  King's  exprefs  commands,  contained  in 
Lord  Hilljhr^u^s  letter,  that  no  land  y/ hat  ever  fioiild 
hi  granted  beyond  tht  limits  of  the  Royal  proclamation  of 
1^63,  i«i/iV  tht  King*t  further  plta/ure  vias  figntfiedy 
and  I  liAve  only  to  obferve,  that  h  muA  have  been  a 
▼«iy  e|t^||i«^iii|iTneglc<l  in  them,  not  to  have  id- 
ftDjrmc^TOur  I^^  of  that  Uxttt^  and  thtft  otdtrt% 
'7      \^  Signed         Dartmidh,^ 

In  tj^  (||Kng 


drflEi|^it^lMf  # 


H 


>.  »i 


P4,\ 


t  ^'V. 


% 

k^ 

S^ylj'.                  .  :> 

1 

K^ 

M^^^f^^ 

1 

1 

Ijjgcr^ 

w 

ito*'"^  -jE."*'^^ 

^ 

^-.v.« ,  -n^ 


i6o 


|>;" 
[»•! 


!1) 


A  r  P  F.  N  D  I  X,    No.  r. 


^      »i* 


' 


f  r' 


Benjnmin  franklin  and  S.imuel  Wkartcn^  (two  of  tlic 
pciTons  to  whoni  the  royal  grant  in  qucftion  was  to 
have  been  made  by  tlic  Untijh  government)  was  pr.*- 
fcntcd  to  the  Honorable  the  United  States  in  Coni^rcfs 
afrembled,-— fctling  fortli  all  the  procecdini;s,  which 
had  been  had  in  the  premifes,  and  that  thty  ^ihe  mc- 
morialirts)  and  their  airociatcs  had  incurred  a  great  lofs 
of  time,  (particularly  Sitmuel  IVhnrton^  in  an  abfence 
of  more  than  eight  years  from  his  family  and  affairs) 
and  expended  a  very  larj;c  fum  of  money,  in  cond  acting 
the  bufintfb  through  the  orhces  and  departments  of  the 
Dritijh  government,  Sec.  whereby  together  with  the  be- 
fore recited  contrnf^t  they  acquired  an  equitable  title  to 
the  lands  in  qucftion,  notwiihflanding  the  Inftrument 
for  conveying  tjjc  fame  was  not  complcated,  by  reafonof 
the  foregoing  hofliliii^s.' 

"Dr,  Frunkiin  ^mWtr.fVharton  alfo  reprcfcnted,  that 
at  the  United  States  had  Aiccecded  to  the  fovtrcignty  of 
the  territory,  v.'hich  they  hru!  contracted  for,  they  con- 
fided,   that  tHey  would  think  It  juA;  and   rcafonabtc  to 
connder  the  faid  tcrrirory,  at  fubjecl  to  fuch  ctntraHs 
and  difpojitions  as  wci:;  made  concerning  it,  while  itcon- 
fefledl]rbelonged  tothe  BritifitTovtm,  and  that  they  might 
rot  fufier  (6  great  an  injury  by  a  change  o^fovereign- 
ty,  u  to  h^  deprived  of  th^ir  equitable  right  to  the  faid 
lands ;  and  laftly  thty^^prtyed,  thtt  the  li|(ids  ittight  be 
granted  to  them,  and   to  (l|iir  hilri  atii  A^Ikm  (in 
c|(|jft  for  themA^ivet  and'aiTociiitct)  iipoii  the  terms  and 
conditionf  Df  thetr  commR,  and  of  the  oiilei'  orf  the 
privji  ceuncii  fmukr  tU  gr*a^fiai  tktn^}  dr  Upon 
liich  other  tennt|  armaj  be  tQ•v«(l^a|i^^lntttreiU 
of  the  UniUd  SM 


■'^ 


(two  of  tl)e  I 
icftion  was  to 
:nt)  was  pre- 
't  in  Coni^rcrs 
'dinL;s,  which 
luy  ^ihc  mc- 
.d  :i  great  lofs 
in  an  abfcncc 
ly  and  affaiis) 
in  conduifting 
tmcnts  of  the 
r  wiih  t^e  be- 
iiitable  title  to 
le  InOrumcnt 
i,  by  rcafonof 


rcfcnted,  that 

fovtrcignty  of 

[or,  they  con- 

reafonabtc  to 

[ich  centralis 

while  itcon- 

attbey  might 

(  fovcrcign- 

it  CO  the  faid 

»di  might  be 

M  (in 

iC  terms  and 

cff  the 

'}  dr  tipon 


chat 
chcixcaty, 

'.   oil 


APPENDIX,     No.  I. 


iGi 


of  Fort  5'f<i«ii;/A  •— -That  flic  was  a  humble  fuitor  to 
the  h'ingt  for  a  ])art  of  the  country  ceded  by  it  to  the 
crown,  and  endeavoured  to  extend  her  government 
over  the  Allegany  Mount. lirif— -hut  by  a  royal  procla- 
mation and  repeated    inllru^ions,   was   forbidden: 

Thai  Ihe  had  far/y  and  official  notice  of  the  contraE}  of 
Mr.  IValpolc  and  aiTociaies,  .uid  gave  luch  anfwer  as 
appears  in  the  preceding  papes,  but  never  prefunied  to 
lay  -any  claim  to  ih.c  "Vedtd  lands,  nor  c)bje61  to  the 
grant  of  Imiidinn, — On  tlu  contrary,  fuppofed,  that 
this  grant  and  the  one  to  Mr.  Cioghatiy  **  would  takt 
place  of  all  neiv  advert urersy^  and  declared,  that  fl:e 
did  not  pr^fume  to  fay,  "  to  whom  his  moft  gracious 
"  Majelty  iliould  grant  h^s  vacant  lands\,  nor  fct  her- 
felf  up  as  an  opponent  lo  Mr.  Walpolc  and  his  aflbci- 
atcs; — all  that  was  hoped  for,  was,  that  all  rights, 
whether  equitable  or  legal,  Ihould  be  preferved  and 
protected " — And  the  fame  juft  regard  was  alfo  {hewn 
hy  the  privy  council  of  England  and  the  Lords  for  trade^ 
&c.  towards  the  equitable  rights  of  all  perfons,  for 
fpotsoF  land  within  the  tra^t  to  be  granted  to  Mr, 
IValpele  and  his  aiTociares. 

If  the  proceedings,  in  the  cafe  of  MefTrs.  Franklin ^ 
Wharton t  Trent  and  their  aJSbclates,  are  coniidercd, 
and  the  great  expenct  and  lofs  of  time  incurred  in  ifii^ 
profecucion  of  their  central,  and  that  notlilng  pre- 
vented their  obtaining  a  grr.nt  for  the  fame,  under  the 
great  feal  of  England^  but  the  change  of  fovereignty 
from  the  Kiug  therieof  to  the  United  States  of  America, 
Mufl  n.ot  all  impartial  perfons  concur  in  faying,  that 
tbefe  gentlemeu  have  the  iiaireft  claim  upon  the  juftice 
of  C^ngrtfit  as  they  are  the  equiuble  purclufert  and 
owners  pf  the  ianos  in  qu^ftion  ?  For  their  cwtrafi  ii 
acknows^Ddged  by  all  depanments  of  the  Briti/h  govern* 
menr,  uude^  i^  I*^  ^  *^^  privy  eouHciU  «~T1iit  H£i 


v^r 


W 


caipoi 


.A  •■ 


►, » 


^.•^  '.k^' 


'■■'♦','       -     1 


,K  .-■ 


■^FTT   <-<rn        f^v- 


' ''  ['   I ! 

'If-  : 


^,:| 


I'M! 


ii- 


rr'' 


I'J' 


«%*= 


■■■*->;• 


V, 


^:^,: 


APPENDIX,     No.  r. 


cannot  be  denied,  as  public  d.\u\  indlfpm.iblc  aiitbon- 
lits  arc  rc.uh  to  bt  produced  to  prove  Ji. — 'V\\t  glorious 
revolution  at  ibcfe  llates  w.is  not  made  to  dcdroy,  but 
among  other  tiling"^,  to  proton  private  pr«ipertjr;  and  a? 
the  i^rant  ti)  !M>.  llVs.  t'tnnklui^  t'n:.  wouUl  have  pafled  un- 
der tlie  Ihitijh  r,overnnient,— can  it  be  fuppofeil,  that 
the  Conv^rel's  oi  Inirnd^  I'o  fanud  tor  wildom,  forti- 
tude and  liberality,  vvil!  he  Icl's  ienllble  to  tlie  influence 
ot  juliice,  th.in  the  Kin^  of  England  was  "—YovK^  it 
virtue; — fv)r!)i'i  it  equity: — The  mind  revolts  at  an 
ide.i  iu  injurious  to  tlie  nati»>nal  hojuiur  and  probity  of 
the  Unitiil  StattSy — who  abound  in  too  much  wildom 
not  to  know, — tiiat  after  all  the  proceeilings  had  upoti 
the  contra(it  fo  recognized  by  the  privy  council,  &c.— • 
if  there  had  been  any  denial  of  jullice  in  En^landf  the 
court  of  chancery  Oi  that  kingdom,  upon  the  application 
of  MeiTrs.  Franklin^  &c,  would  have  decreed  a  yyf'frr/S'c 
performance  of  the  agreement  on  the  part  of  the  crown. 
This  the  molt  celebrated  judges  and  lawyers  of  that 
kingdom,    have  uniformly   declared,    as  "   it   is  .a 

•*  KNOWN  AND  ESTABLISHED  HULE  IN  Ec^UITT, 
**     THAT    FROM    THE  Tl  ME  OF  THB  CoN  TRACT, /^^ 

"  Vendor  iV'a  TfLUSTEB  for  the  Vendee^  Uillthe  Con- 
*<  VEYANCE  IS  EXECVTEDy  and  if  thc  vcndor  fhould 
^'  afterwards  fell  the  fame  lands  to  anothei^,  having 
**  notice  of  thc  precedent  contraft,-- — *£^tti/v  ftill 
*'  TRANSfEEt  the  T^  u iT,  mnd  tkijirji  vmJtsmzYf 
'<  in  fuch  cafe,  bring  his  bill  againft  thc  fecond  vendee 
**  ftr  a  fffcific  p0r/ormMr<K^* 


r 


AI»PEN* 


■#-• 


•  Cftfes  b  tqiakf,  vot  t.  printeiln  x;^^. 


>.  r. 

Ic  aiitfiori- 
iic  gloi  i0U5 
cflroy,  bui 
ityj  and  aj 
:  pafll'd  un- 
pofcil,  that 
!om,  forti- 
e  intliiencc 
-FoihiJ  it 
volts  at  an 
probity  of 
ich  wildom 
i  had  upott 
icil,  &c.— • 
iglanJf  the 
application 
:d  2/jfeci/ic 
the  crown, 
rs  of  that 

IT     IS    Ji 

Eqjuity, 

KACT,  the 

7  the  CoN- 
ior  ihould 
having 
>quiiy  ftill 
dti  mays 
id  TcnUee 


EN- 


I 


APPENDIX,     No.  2. 

/;/  the  Houfc  cf  D:legati:Sy   of  Virginia  June  9,    1779. 
Jitfolvedy 

THAT  the  commonwealth  ot:  I'irginic  hath  tlic 
excliifive  right  ot  pre-emption  from  the  ln<iia>'Sy 
oi  all  the  lands  within  the  limits  of  its  own  chartered 
tfrritoryy  as  declared  by  the  a^l  and  conllitution  of  go- 
vernment, in  the  year  i  776,  that  no  perfon  or  pcifons 
whatever  have,  or  ever  hady  a  right  to  pnrchafe  any 
lands  within  the  fame,  tVom  any  Indian  nation,  cxrepr 
only  pcrfons  duly  authorized  to  make  luch  purchafcs, 
on  the  public  account,  7'c?rm^r/v  for  the  lift  and  beng- 
ft    of  the   f<//o«^  and  lately  of  the  commonwealth,  AND 

THAT  SUCH    EXCLUSIVE  RiGHT   OF   PRE-F.MPTION 
WILL,    AND    OUGHT    lO    BK    MAINTAINED   BY   THIS 

Commonwealth,  to  THt  utmost  of  its  Power. 
Refolvedy 

That  every  purchafe  of  lands  heretofore  made  by  the 
Kir\g  of  Great  Britaiuy  from  any  Indian  nation  or  na- 
tionsy  within  the  h^ore  mentioned  limits^  doth  and  ought 
to  endure  fof  ihrcr,  to  and  for  the  ufe  and  Ifeuefit  of  this 
fommcnwealtkf  and  t$  indforn^  other  ufe^  or  purpofe 
whatfoevor*  J  - 

'     Ref^id^  >|herefore» 

JThAt  tho  <lee<i  from  the  ^f x  United  Nations  of  Indi-^ 
anxa^bearing  date  on  the  third  day  of  November,  1 768^ 
for  certain  lands  between  the  jfllegany  Mountains  and 
tike  RiffT  Ohi^,  ab^Vc  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Kevhawa 
Creeks  to  and  for  t]^  ufe  and  benefit  of  a  certain  fVi/' 
^pn  Ttmf,  gemlemaa,  in  his  own  right,  and  at  «t-» 
ttimqr  ^Of  fundry  perfons  in  the  faid  deed  nftoed^  t» 
w«U  at  alMdi^  ^^H^h  which  haye  been  otr  ihaU  be 
«l|ik«.li  tof  /«i&ui  or  Indians,  for  Umdt  VfUltmtke 
^t  ff  thfdkrtifr  mU  UrriUry  ^KirfuiU  4r  4|bfv. 

JUkL 


% 


■\  1l 


mi^^^^^.-^m^^m^ 


w 


»*^    ^    ^^ 


I. 


u 


ii  ,■-  ■ 

si     ■ 

I'l". 
il  '   ■ 


I*" 

1l  ■ 


>  t ' 


■•     ,*i:v    '    V 


^f 


164  ^,    A  P  P  E  N  D  t  X,    No.  I.  f^ 

£ntk  ^  <"•  »r  the  wfc  or  benefit  of  tny  private  perfbtf*- 

. Z'        !^  perTont,  ftiall  be,  on^  th^  famt  art  ht^h  dfxlf/^^ 
'*'     •;  Ki/iT^ff  voii,  ami  cf  no  tffefi:  Which  !>eing  fei 
'      fa^jt  W4R  carried  in  the  affirmative,  without  aj 
•       or  amendment,  by    a  great  majority.     The 
being  $0  and  28.  • 

June  th6  1 7th|rr779,  the  affembly  paflcd  the  fotlpwW^- 
,  ^         ing  law  refpeAing  tKe  fight  oi pre-emuQk, 

To  remove  and  fMrei^eot  ait  douttjpli^eHi^ng  pur- 
chafes  of  lands  from  fiSfi  Indian  nativfijjMe-it  dechtred 
* ,      by  the  general  aiTembf^,  that  this  ^OT^^iB;|i|^  hat|!k: 
iv'.|%ie  e^elufive  right  ot  pre'tmption  frorfl^N?  ^'Wh    '^ 
:.'"^(fttt lands •u;i7i&ifi  tlie Umits of  i/J |i^«y|JNrr#M  ' 
»*  deferred  by  Uic  aft  and  conSltutkw-^  ^ 
in  the  year  1776 — Thai  no  perfon  6rpciTona#ifiHo^. 
'||Si;qr  hsi^d^^r  ett/r  had,  a  rigSt  to  purchaf^  any  )tt^ 
vitliM^c  Citmi^  from  any  IkdiaH  n|tibn, .  except  mh 
fftPfllti^'  duly  authorized  t^  ma^  fiiflt  pwtchafes  on  ne 
fmhlw  aco^iht  firmerfy  forfhu^mmd  •-— **  -^ 
W^  and  mlty  oi  thej^**"*     '    ■ ' 

ililSHT   TOJit  ^t1 


4    • 


>i'*- 


^^t> 


■m*  ■..-  *** 


>.^;^.*. 


»« 


m'*-'m 


ttik 


'■^■*:  ■ 


..«Si' 


^iS^'ll: 


I.  L 


19  pctToti  -^ 


ifig  puJ^ 
:hired 


Kceftmh 


^"^ 


f 


